核电周边人员撤离能力评估技术研究
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摘要
本文基于"核电周边人员应急撤离的虚拟现实模拟系统"对秦山和福清两个场址周边人员的应急撤离进行了评估,计算得到了在各种情景下的应急撤离时间,分析了影响撤离时间的关键因素,为优化撤离方案、查找撤离瓶颈提供了技术支持,同时也为在事故响应下的应急撤离的决策提供了技术依据。成功示范应用的经验表明,本系统能够广泛应用于我国各类核设施的应急撤离评估。
The staff of NPP and public should evacuation during the emergency when large radioactive material released into atmosphere when severe accident happened. The effective actions, include evacuating people from the affected area is crucial for NPP safety. These factors should be considered at each stage of NPP from siting, designing, construction, and operation. There are provisions and standards require NPP take consideration on availability when implementing evacuation. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the evacuation capability for NPP surroundings. This article applies the ‘Virtue Reality Simulation System for Emergency Evacuation around the NPP' to Qin Shan and Fu Qing Nuclear Power Plant evacuation. The evaluation on the two sites was conducted and emergency time of evacuation was calculated. After analyzing the critical factors that influence the evacuation time, the results are helpful to optimizing plan and figuring out the bottleneck. Meanwhile, the outcome provide basis during the emergency evacuation condition. The achievement serves as a technical support tools and benefits a lot for nuclear regulatory organization on siting, emergency planning zone, emergency plan and decision making, even evacuation management assessment.
The staff of NPP and public should evacuation during the emergency when large radioactive material released into atmosphere when severe accident happened. The effective actions, include evacuating people from the affected area is crucial for NPP safety. These factors should be considered at each stage of NPP from siting, designing, construction, and operation. There are provisions and standards require NPP take consideration on availability when implementing evacuation. Hence, it is necessary to evaluate the evacuation capability for NPP surroundings. This article applies the ‘Virtue Reality Simulation System for Emergency Evacuation around the NPP' to Qin Shan and Fu Qing Nuclear Power Plant evacuation. The evaluation on the two sites was conducted and emergency time of evacuation was calculated. After analyzing the critical factors that influence the evacuation time, the results are helpful to optimizing plan and figuring out the bottleneck. Meanwhile, the outcome provide basis during the emergency evacuation condition. The achievement serves as a technical support tools and benefits a lot for nuclear regulatory organization on siting, emergency planning zone, emergency plan and decision making, even evacuation management assessment.
引文
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[2]国家核安全局.HAF002/01核电厂核事故应急管理条例实施细则之一——核电厂营运单位的应急准备与相应[S].北京:中国法制出版社,1998.
[3]环境保护部.GB 6249核动力厂环境辐射防护规定[S].北京:中国环境出版社,2011.
[4]El Faouzi,N.-E.,et al.Effects of adverse weather on traffic and safety:State-of-the-art and a European initiative[C].//15th International Road Weather Conference.2010.
[5]Kyte,M.,et al.Effect of weather on free-flow speed:Transportation research record[J].Journal of the transportation research board 2001.1776(1):60-68.
[6]张后发,唐伯波.浓雾中安全车速的计算[J].陕西气象,2002,(2):10-11.
[7]解仑.简化路况模式下驾驶员情绪模型的研究[J].自动化学报,2010,36(12):1732-1743.
[8]Chin,E.,et al.Temporary losses of highway capacity and impacts on performance[R].2002,TN:Oak Ridge National Laboratory Oak Ridge.
[9]Brilon,W.and M.Ponzlet.Variability of speed-flow relationships on German autobahns.Transportation Research Record:Journal of the[J].Transportation Research Board,1996,1555(1):91-98.