装备制造业全球价值链融入程度与技术进步效应研究
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摘要
构建融入全球价值链(GVC)与技术进步效应的分析框架并提出研究假设,利用1999-2015年中国装备制造业7个细分行业面板数据,测算装备制造业融入GVC的程度指数和全要素生产率。结果显示,融入GVC程度指数整体呈现"W"型特征,2015年相比1999年呈上升趋势,各细分行业技术进步较为明显。实证结果表明:融入GVC对全要素生产率提升具有促进作用,但同时由于阻碍效应的存在,导致融入GVC与全要素生产率两者间呈现U型曲线关系。这是对融入GVC能够促进技术进步相关观点的重新认识。另外,产权制度因素、高素质科研人员规模能够显著促进技术进步;研发投入强度、出口密集度、条件建设强度在一定程度上阻碍了技术进步,但不显著。研究结论对于中国装备制造业通过融入GVC提高全要素生产率、实现技术进步具有重要政策启示。
This paper constructs the analysis framework and hypothesis on integration into the GVC and the effect of technological progress,using the panel data of 1999 to 2015 equipment manufacturing industry,calculates the integration index of equipment manufacturing industry based on input-output table,calculates total factor productivity using Solow residual method and data envelopment analysis.The result show that the equipment manufacturing industry integration into the GVC overall showing " W" type characteristics,compared with 2015 showed an upward trend in 1999;in addition,the technological progress of equipment manufacturing industry is more obvious.Empirical results show that integration into GVC can promote technological progress,but due to the existence of the "blocking effect",there is a " U" curve relationship between integration and technological progress.Besides,the factors for property right and the scale of high quality scientific research personnel have system-improved effect on technical progress.R&D、export intensity、construction intensity of fixed assets restricts technological progress in some extent.The conclusions of this paper have important policy implications for China's equipment manufacturing industry to improve total factor productivity and achieve technological progress.
This paper constructs the analysis framework and hypothesis on integration into the GVC and the effect of technological progress,using the panel data of 1999 to 2015 equipment manufacturing industry,calculates the integration index of equipment manufacturing industry based on input-output table,calculates total factor productivity using Solow residual method and data envelopment analysis.The result show that the equipment manufacturing industry integration into the GVC overall showing " W" type characteristics,compared with 2015 showed an upward trend in 1999;in addition,the technological progress of equipment manufacturing industry is more obvious.Empirical results show that integration into GVC can promote technological progress,but due to the existence of the "blocking effect",there is a " U" curve relationship between integration and technological progress.Besides,the factors for property right and the scale of high quality scientific research personnel have system-improved effect on technical progress.R&D、export intensity、construction intensity of fixed assets restricts technological progress in some extent.The conclusions of this paper have important policy implications for China's equipment manufacturing industry to improve total factor productivity and achieve technological progress.
引文
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[20]许庆瑞,吴志岩,陈力田.转型经济中企业自主创新能力演化路径及驱动因素分析[J].管理世界,2013(4):45-51.
[21]王映川.我国先进装备制造业全要素生产率及影响因素分析-基于产业组织视角[J].工业技术经济,2017(1):3-13.
[22]林桂军,何武.中国装备制造业在全球价值链的地位及升级趋势[J].国际贸易问题,2015(4):21-29.
[23] HUMMELS D,ISHII J,YI K.The nature and growth of vertical specialization in world trade[J].Journal of International Economics,2001(1):75-96.
[24]北京大学中国经济研究中心课题组.中国出口贸易中的垂直专门化与中美贸易[J].世界经济,2006(5):3-11.
[25]郭庆旺,贾俊雪.中国全要素生产率的估算:1979—2004[J].经济研究,2005(5):6-11.
[26]李国璋,周彩云,江金荣.区域全要素生产率的估算及其对地区差距的贡献[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2010(11):22-31.
[27]李小平,朱钟棣.国际贸易、R&D溢出和生产率增长[J].经济研究,2006(4):12-19.
[28]王玉燕,林汉川,吕臣.全球价值链嵌入的技术进步效应——来自中国工业面板数据的经验研究[J].中国工业经济,2014(9):34-41.
[29]王岳平,王亚平,王云平,等.产业技术升级与产业结构调整关系研究[J].宏观经济研究,2005(5):25-32.
[2] LIU B J,TUNG A C.Export outsourcings and foreign direct investment:evidence from taiwanese exporting firms[R].Dynamics,Economic Growth and International Trade,2004.
[3] GORG H,HANLEY A.Productivity effects of international outsourcing:evidence from plant-level data[J].The Canadian Journal of Economics,2008,41(2):670-688.
[4]胡昭玲.产品内国际分工对中国工业生产率的影响分析[J].经济经纬,2007(6):23-29.
[5]郭炳南,魏润卿.国际垂直专业化分工与中国工业行业技术进步——基于DEA方法的面板数据分析[J].经济问题探索,2011(11):12-19.
[6]董桂才,王鸣霞.全球价值链嵌入对我国本土工业机器人技术进步的影响[J].科技进步与对策,2017,34(4):78-83.
[7] MCINTYRE,JOHN R.The political economy of international technology transfer[M].New York and London:Greenwood Press,1986.
[8] SCHMITZ H,KNORRINGA P.Learning from global buyers[J].Journal of Development Studies,2000,137(3):177-205.
[9] TSCHANG F T,GOLDSTEIN A.The outsourcing of"creative"work and the limits of capability:the case of the philippines′animation industry[J].IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management,2010,57(1):132-143.
[10]姚洋,张晔.中国出口品国内技术含量升级的动态研究——来自全国及江苏省、广东省的证据[J].中国社会科学,2008(2):12-23.
[11]白嘉,张会新.垂直专业化分工的技术溢出效应研究——基于行业和地区面板数据的经验证据[J].中国软科学,2013(8):176-192.
[12]谢建国,周露昭.进口贸易、吸收能力与国际R&D技术溢出:中国省区面板数据的研究[J].世界经济,2009(9):68-81.
[13]钱学锋,王胜,黄云湖,等.进口种类与中国制造业全要素生产率[J].世界经济,2011(5):3-25.
[14]高静,黄繁华.全球价值链嵌入对我国本土工业机器人技术进步的影响[J].世界经济研究,2013(11):34-41.
[15] DU J,LU Y,TAO Z,et al.Do domestic and foreign exporters differ in learning by exporting?evidence from china[J].China Economic Review,2012,23(2):296-315.
[16]金祥荣,刘振兴,于蔚.企业出口之动态效应研究——来自中国制造业企业的经验:2001-2007[J].经济学:季刊,2012(3):1097-1112.
[17]范剑勇,冯猛.中国制造业出口企业生产率悖论之谜:基于出口密度差别上的检验[J].中国对外经济关系论坛,2013(8):16-29.
[18]李建萍,张乃丽.比较优势、异质性企业与出口“生产率悖论”——基于对中国制造业上市企业的分析[J].国际贸易问题,2014(6):3-13.
[19]冯猛,王琦晖.什么影响了制造业行业内生产率结构变化?——基于1998-2007年中国工业企业数据的实证研究[J].产业经济研究,2013(3):35-44.
[20]许庆瑞,吴志岩,陈力田.转型经济中企业自主创新能力演化路径及驱动因素分析[J].管理世界,2013(4):45-51.
[21]王映川.我国先进装备制造业全要素生产率及影响因素分析-基于产业组织视角[J].工业技术经济,2017(1):3-13.
[22]林桂军,何武.中国装备制造业在全球价值链的地位及升级趋势[J].国际贸易问题,2015(4):21-29.
[23] HUMMELS D,ISHII J,YI K.The nature and growth of vertical specialization in world trade[J].Journal of International Economics,2001(1):75-96.
[24]北京大学中国经济研究中心课题组.中国出口贸易中的垂直专门化与中美贸易[J].世界经济,2006(5):3-11.
[25]郭庆旺,贾俊雪.中国全要素生产率的估算:1979—2004[J].经济研究,2005(5):6-11.
[26]李国璋,周彩云,江金荣.区域全要素生产率的估算及其对地区差距的贡献[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2010(11):22-31.
[27]李小平,朱钟棣.国际贸易、R&D溢出和生产率增长[J].经济研究,2006(4):12-19.
[28]王玉燕,林汉川,吕臣.全球价值链嵌入的技术进步效应——来自中国工业面板数据的经验研究[J].中国工业经济,2014(9):34-41.
[29]王岳平,王亚平,王云平,等.产业技术升级与产业结构调整关系研究[J].宏观经济研究,2005(5):25-32.