人工源地电场空间变化区域性特征
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摘要
认识地震电信号特征对地震短临预报具有重要意义.通过陕甘宁晋地区、川滇地区、山东及其周边地区和上海地区的换流站接地极向地下注入2 100—4 600A大电流,研究各地区地电场的变化特征,以深入地认识地电场信号的区域性变化实质.研究显示:(1)在陕甘宁晋地区,高沙窝大电流源的附加地电场可被分布于鄂尔多斯地块边缘弧形地带的490km范围内的10个台站观测到,而距该信号源以西150km的台站均未观测到该信号;(2)在川滇地区,丽江信号源的南部地区观测到的信号强度和距离远大于北部地区.对于西昌大电流源,只有距其10km处的小庙台和540km处的仙女山台可观测到信号,而其它十几个台站均未观测到;(3)在山东和上海地区,可被观测到的人工源信号的最远距离及其特征各不相同,亦与陕甘宁晋和川滇地区大为不同;(4)对于本文所研究的地区,信号的波形变化存在着随台站与信号源距离的增加畸变程度增大的现象,一些台站只能记录到大电流开始和结束时的尖峰脉冲信息.针对上述变化特征,本文从机理和地质条件等方面进行了一些有益的探讨,以期加深对地震电信号变化特征的认识.
Knowing the seismic electric signal characteristics will be of great importance for short-term earthquake prediction.In this paper,by studying the signals originated from grounding electrodes 2 100--4 600 Acurrent of the converter stations in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Shanxi region, Sichuan-Yunnan region,Shandong and its surrounding areas as well as Shanghai region in China,we could have a better understanding of regional nature of the geoelectric field variation.The results show that:(1) In Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Shanxi region,the additional geoelectric field originated from Gaoshawo grounding electrode could be observed at ten stations which are distributed along the edge of the Ordos massif arc in the scope of 490 km,but it could not be observed at the stations beyond the distance of 150 km to the west of the source;(2) In SichuanYunnan region,the signal strength and the distance between the source and the station that could observe the signals originated from source in southern Lijiang grounding electrode are greater than that in the north.The additional geoelectric field originated from Xichang grounding electrode can be observed only at the stations of Xiaomiao and Xiannüshan which are 10 km and 540 km from the source respectively,and at the other twelve stations the signals could not be observed;(3) The farthest distance and characteristics are different from one another for the signals originated from heavy current observed in the regions of Shandong,Shanghai and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Shanxi,as well as SichuanYunnan region;(4) For the studied regions in this paper,the waveform distortion degree of the additional geoelectric field gets higher with the increase of the distance between the source and station.At some stations only the spike pulses were recorded which occurred only when heavy current started and ended.For the characteristics of the additional geoelectric field mentioned above,this paper has made some interpretations from mechanism and geological conditions in order to deepen the understanding of seismic electric signals.
Knowing the seismic electric signal characteristics will be of great importance for short-term earthquake prediction.In this paper,by studying the signals originated from grounding electrodes 2 100--4 600 Acurrent of the converter stations in Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Shanxi region, Sichuan-Yunnan region,Shandong and its surrounding areas as well as Shanghai region in China,we could have a better understanding of regional nature of the geoelectric field variation.The results show that:(1) In Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Shanxi region,the additional geoelectric field originated from Gaoshawo grounding electrode could be observed at ten stations which are distributed along the edge of the Ordos massif arc in the scope of 490 km,but it could not be observed at the stations beyond the distance of 150 km to the west of the source;(2) In SichuanYunnan region,the signal strength and the distance between the source and the station that could observe the signals originated from source in southern Lijiang grounding electrode are greater than that in the north.The additional geoelectric field originated from Xichang grounding electrode can be observed only at the stations of Xiaomiao and Xiannüshan which are 10 km and 540 km from the source respectively,and at the other twelve stations the signals could not be observed;(3) The farthest distance and characteristics are different from one another for the signals originated from heavy current observed in the regions of Shandong,Shanghai and Shaanxi-Gansu-Ningxia-Shanxi,as well as SichuanYunnan region;(4) For the studied regions in this paper,the waveform distortion degree of the additional geoelectric field gets higher with the increase of the distance between the source and station.At some stations only the spike pulses were recorded which occurred only when heavy current started and ended.For the characteristics of the additional geoelectric field mentioned above,this paper has made some interpretations from mechanism and geological conditions in order to deepen the understanding of seismic electric signals.
引文
曹昌祺.1961.电动力学[M].北京:人民教育出版社:95--101.Cao C Q.1961.Electrodynamics[M].Beijing:People’s Education Press:95--101(in Chinese).
陈有发,马钦忠,张杰,丁卉,薛顺章,陈兰新,赵凤平.1999.震前自然电场的前兆及其可能机理[J].华南地震,19(3):26--34.Chen Y F,Ma Q Z,Zhang J,Ding H,Xue S Z,Chen L X,Zhao F P.1999.Precursor and possible mechanism of natural geoelectric field before earthquakes[J].South China Journal of Seismology,19(3):26--34(in Chinese).
黄清华,林玉峰.2010.地震电信号选择性数值模拟及可能影响因素[J].地球物理学报,53(3):535--543.Huang Q H,Lin Y F.2010.Numerical simulation of selectivity of seismic electric signal and its possible influences[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(3):535--543(in Chinese).
马钦忠,钱家栋.2003.地下电性非均匀结构对地电场信号的影响[J].地震,23(1):1--7.Ma Q Z,Qian J D.2003.The influence of inhomogeneous geoelectric structure on the signals of geoelectric field[J].Earthquake,23(1):1--7(in Chinese).
马钦忠.2008a.地电场多极距观测装置系统与文安MS5.1地震前首都圈地电场异常研究[J].地震学报,30(6):615--625.Ma Q Z.2008a.Multi-dipole observation system and study on the abnormal variation of the geoelectric field observed atCapital Network before the 2006 Wen’an,Hebei of China,MS5.1earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,30 (6):615--625(in Chinese).
马钦忠.2008b.汶川大震现场地震电磁异常信号追踪[J].震情研究,2(12):48--61.Ma Q Z.2008b.Seismo-electromagnetic abnormal signals trace of Wenchuan earthquake scene[J].Seismic Situation Study,2(12):48--61(in Chinese).
马钦忠,赵卫国,张文平.2009.文县地电场震前异常变化及其在2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震预测研究中的应用[J].地震学报,31(6):660--670.Ma Q Z,Zhao W G,Zhang W P.2009.Abnormal variations of geoelectric field recorded at Wenxian station preceding earthquakes and their application to the prediction of the 2001 MS8.1 Kunlun earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,31(6):660--670(in Chinese).
马钦忠,方国庆,李伟,周江南.2013.芦山MS7.0地震前的电磁异常信号[J].地震学报,35(5):717--730.Ma Q Z,Fang G Q,Li W,Zhou J N.2013.Electromagnetic anomalies before the 2013Lushan MS7.0earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,35(5):717--730(in Chinese).
马钦忠,李伟,张继红,郭玉贵,方国庆.2014.与大电流信号有关的华北东部地区地电场空间变化特征的研究[J].地球物理学报,57(2):518--530.Ma Q Z,Li W,Zhang J H,Guo Y G,Fang G Q.2014.Study on the spatial variation characteristics of the geoelectric field signals recorded at the stations in the east Huabei area when a great current is injected[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(2):518--530(in Chinese).
马钦忠,钱家栋,李伟,赵文舟,方国庆.2016.源自多个大电流源的华东地区地电场空间变化特征[J].地球物理学报,59(7):2598--2614.Ma Q Z,Qian J D,Li W,Zhao W Z,Fang G Q.2016.Characteristics of the spatial variation of geoelectric field signals recorded at the stations in Huadong area in China when 4heavy currents are injected[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,59(7):2598--2614(in Chinese).
毛桐恩,席继楼,王燕琼,尹淑芝.1999.地震过程中的大地电场变化特征[J].地球物理学报,42(4):520--528.Mao T E,Xi J L,Wang Y Q,Yin S Z.1999.The variation characteristics of the telluric field in the process of earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,42(4):520--528(in Chinese).
钱复业,赵玉林,卢军,薛顺章.1998.孔压弱化失稳的系统辨识及大地电场短临前兆[C]∥地震地电学发展与展望.兰州:兰州大学出版社:151--155.Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Lu J,Xue S Z.1998.System discrimination of week instability for pore pressure and shortimpending term precursor[C]∥Development and Prospect for Earthquake Geoelectricity.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University Press:151--155(in Chinese).
赵玉林,钱复业.1981.大地电场的临震周期变化[J].地震,1(3):13--16.Zhao Y L,Qian F Y.1981.Period of the telluric electricity field preceding earthquakes[J].Earthquake,1(3):13--16(in Chinese).
Ma Q Z.2002.The boundary element method for 3-D DC resistivity modeling in layered earth[J].Geophysics,67(2):610 --617(in Chinese).
Orihara Y,Noda Y,Nagao T,Uyeda S.2002.A possible case of SES selectivity at Kozu-shima Island,Japan[J].J Geodynam,33(4/5):425--432.
Park S K,Strauss D J,Aceves R L.1996.Some observations about the statistical significance and physical mechanisms of the Van method of earthquake prediction,Greece[G]∥A Critical Review of VAN:Earthquake Prediction From Seismic Electrical Signals.Singapore:World Scientific Publishing:267--285.
Sarlis N,Lazaridou M,Kapiris P,Varotsos P.1999.Numerical model of the selectivity effect and theΔV/Lcriterion[J].Geophys Res Lett,26(21):3245--3248.
Telesca L,Colangelo G,Hattori K,Lapenna V.2004.Principal component analysis of geoelectrical signals measured in the seismically active area of Basilicata Region(southern Italy)[J].Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci,4(5/6):663--667.
Tsutsui M.2002.Detection of earth-origin electric pulses[J].Geophys Res Lett,29(8):35-1--35-4.doi:1029/2001GL013713.
Uyeda S,Nagao T,Orihara Y,Yamaguchi T,Takahashi I.2000.Geoelectric potential changes:Possible precursors to earthquakes in Japan[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97(9):4561--4566.
Uyeda S,Nagao T,Kamogawa M.2009.Short-term earthquake prediction:Current status of seismo-electromagnetics[J].Tectonophysics,470(3/4):205--213.
Varotsos P A,Alexopoulos K.1984a.Physical properties of the variations of the electric field of the earth preceding earthquakes,I[J].Tectonophysics,110(1/2):73--98.
Varotsos P A,Alexopoulos K.1984b.Physical properties of the variations of the electric field of the earth preceding earthquakes.II.Determination of epicenter and magnitude[J].Tectonophysics,110(1/2):99--125.
Varotsos P A,Alexopoulos K,Lazaridou M.1993.Latest aspects of earthquake prediction in Greece based on seismic electric signals,II[J].Tectonophysics,224(1/2/3):1--37.
Varotsos P A.2005.The Physics of Seismic Electric Signals[M].Tokyo:Terra Scientific Publishing Co.:388.
Varotsos P A,Sarlis N,Skordas E,Tanaka H,Lazaridou M.2005.Additional evidence on some relationship between seismic electric signals and earthquake source parameters[J].Acta Geophys Polon,53(3):293--298.
陈有发,马钦忠,张杰,丁卉,薛顺章,陈兰新,赵凤平.1999.震前自然电场的前兆及其可能机理[J].华南地震,19(3):26--34.Chen Y F,Ma Q Z,Zhang J,Ding H,Xue S Z,Chen L X,Zhao F P.1999.Precursor and possible mechanism of natural geoelectric field before earthquakes[J].South China Journal of Seismology,19(3):26--34(in Chinese).
黄清华,林玉峰.2010.地震电信号选择性数值模拟及可能影响因素[J].地球物理学报,53(3):535--543.Huang Q H,Lin Y F.2010.Numerical simulation of selectivity of seismic electric signal and its possible influences[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,53(3):535--543(in Chinese).
马钦忠,钱家栋.2003.地下电性非均匀结构对地电场信号的影响[J].地震,23(1):1--7.Ma Q Z,Qian J D.2003.The influence of inhomogeneous geoelectric structure on the signals of geoelectric field[J].Earthquake,23(1):1--7(in Chinese).
马钦忠.2008a.地电场多极距观测装置系统与文安MS5.1地震前首都圈地电场异常研究[J].地震学报,30(6):615--625.Ma Q Z.2008a.Multi-dipole observation system and study on the abnormal variation of the geoelectric field observed atCapital Network before the 2006 Wen’an,Hebei of China,MS5.1earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,30 (6):615--625(in Chinese).
马钦忠.2008b.汶川大震现场地震电磁异常信号追踪[J].震情研究,2(12):48--61.Ma Q Z.2008b.Seismo-electromagnetic abnormal signals trace of Wenchuan earthquake scene[J].Seismic Situation Study,2(12):48--61(in Chinese).
马钦忠,赵卫国,张文平.2009.文县地电场震前异常变化及其在2001年昆仑山口西MS8.1地震预测研究中的应用[J].地震学报,31(6):660--670.Ma Q Z,Zhao W G,Zhang W P.2009.Abnormal variations of geoelectric field recorded at Wenxian station preceding earthquakes and their application to the prediction of the 2001 MS8.1 Kunlun earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,31(6):660--670(in Chinese).
马钦忠,方国庆,李伟,周江南.2013.芦山MS7.0地震前的电磁异常信号[J].地震学报,35(5):717--730.Ma Q Z,Fang G Q,Li W,Zhou J N.2013.Electromagnetic anomalies before the 2013Lushan MS7.0earthquake[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,35(5):717--730(in Chinese).
马钦忠,李伟,张继红,郭玉贵,方国庆.2014.与大电流信号有关的华北东部地区地电场空间变化特征的研究[J].地球物理学报,57(2):518--530.Ma Q Z,Li W,Zhang J H,Guo Y G,Fang G Q.2014.Study on the spatial variation characteristics of the geoelectric field signals recorded at the stations in the east Huabei area when a great current is injected[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,57(2):518--530(in Chinese).
马钦忠,钱家栋,李伟,赵文舟,方国庆.2016.源自多个大电流源的华东地区地电场空间变化特征[J].地球物理学报,59(7):2598--2614.Ma Q Z,Qian J D,Li W,Zhao W Z,Fang G Q.2016.Characteristics of the spatial variation of geoelectric field signals recorded at the stations in Huadong area in China when 4heavy currents are injected[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,59(7):2598--2614(in Chinese).
毛桐恩,席继楼,王燕琼,尹淑芝.1999.地震过程中的大地电场变化特征[J].地球物理学报,42(4):520--528.Mao T E,Xi J L,Wang Y Q,Yin S Z.1999.The variation characteristics of the telluric field in the process of earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,42(4):520--528(in Chinese).
钱复业,赵玉林,卢军,薛顺章.1998.孔压弱化失稳的系统辨识及大地电场短临前兆[C]∥地震地电学发展与展望.兰州:兰州大学出版社:151--155.Qian F Y,Zhao Y L,Lu J,Xue S Z.1998.System discrimination of week instability for pore pressure and shortimpending term precursor[C]∥Development and Prospect for Earthquake Geoelectricity.Lanzhou:Lanzhou University Press:151--155(in Chinese).
赵玉林,钱复业.1981.大地电场的临震周期变化[J].地震,1(3):13--16.Zhao Y L,Qian F Y.1981.Period of the telluric electricity field preceding earthquakes[J].Earthquake,1(3):13--16(in Chinese).
Ma Q Z.2002.The boundary element method for 3-D DC resistivity modeling in layered earth[J].Geophysics,67(2):610 --617(in Chinese).
Orihara Y,Noda Y,Nagao T,Uyeda S.2002.A possible case of SES selectivity at Kozu-shima Island,Japan[J].J Geodynam,33(4/5):425--432.
Park S K,Strauss D J,Aceves R L.1996.Some observations about the statistical significance and physical mechanisms of the Van method of earthquake prediction,Greece[G]∥A Critical Review of VAN:Earthquake Prediction From Seismic Electrical Signals.Singapore:World Scientific Publishing:267--285.
Sarlis N,Lazaridou M,Kapiris P,Varotsos P.1999.Numerical model of the selectivity effect and theΔV/Lcriterion[J].Geophys Res Lett,26(21):3245--3248.
Telesca L,Colangelo G,Hattori K,Lapenna V.2004.Principal component analysis of geoelectrical signals measured in the seismically active area of Basilicata Region(southern Italy)[J].Nat Hazards Earth Syst Sci,4(5/6):663--667.
Tsutsui M.2002.Detection of earth-origin electric pulses[J].Geophys Res Lett,29(8):35-1--35-4.doi:1029/2001GL013713.
Uyeda S,Nagao T,Orihara Y,Yamaguchi T,Takahashi I.2000.Geoelectric potential changes:Possible precursors to earthquakes in Japan[J].Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,97(9):4561--4566.
Uyeda S,Nagao T,Kamogawa M.2009.Short-term earthquake prediction:Current status of seismo-electromagnetics[J].Tectonophysics,470(3/4):205--213.
Varotsos P A,Alexopoulos K.1984a.Physical properties of the variations of the electric field of the earth preceding earthquakes,I[J].Tectonophysics,110(1/2):73--98.
Varotsos P A,Alexopoulos K.1984b.Physical properties of the variations of the electric field of the earth preceding earthquakes.II.Determination of epicenter and magnitude[J].Tectonophysics,110(1/2):99--125.
Varotsos P A,Alexopoulos K,Lazaridou M.1993.Latest aspects of earthquake prediction in Greece based on seismic electric signals,II[J].Tectonophysics,224(1/2/3):1--37.
Varotsos P A.2005.The Physics of Seismic Electric Signals[M].Tokyo:Terra Scientific Publishing Co.:388.
Varotsos P A,Sarlis N,Skordas E,Tanaka H,Lazaridou M.2005.Additional evidence on some relationship between seismic electric signals and earthquake source parameters[J].Acta Geophys Polon,53(3):293--298.