青藏高原“黑土滩”退化草地及其生态恢复近10年研究进展——兼论三江源生态恢复问题
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摘要
"黑土滩"是全球草地生态系统退化行为在青藏高原三江源区的特殊表现形式,严重威胁着三江源区生态安全和草地畜牧业发展。该文在调研近10年290多个相关文献资料基础上,综合分析了近10年内黑土滩研究和治理工作的主要研究进展。并进一步讨论了一些新的观点,如"黑土滩二次发生"、"黑土滩的水热空洞效应"、"黑土滩人工草地暂稳态机制"等。作者建议针对黑土滩生态恢复,发展黑土滩治理的"分区-分类-分级-分段"的技术体系;研究更多植物物种组合(>10种)的混合群落构建技术;研发启动和引导黑土滩人工草地自我恢复技术及近自然恢复模式;组织开展第二次"黑土滩"本底调查工作;完善低成本治理模式,推动三江源生态建设的可持续性。
The‘black soil land'degraded grassland is the unique result of global grassland degradation′s behavior in the Sanjiangyuan region of Tibetan plateau that had severely reduced the ecological function and pastoral industry in the Sanjiangyuan region.Based on the investigation of more than 290 publications and project repots in recent ten years,the authors reviewed the main studys and progresses in restoring engineering of‘black soil land'degraded grassland.This review discussed more about some new theory views,such as‘black soil land'second emergence,hydrothermal-hole effect of‘black soil land',temporary-steady state of‘black soil land'sown grassland etc.For the technique of restoration and rehabilitation,the author proposed some future technique,such as the technique system of‘regional separation-vegetation classification-degradation degree-restoring phase regulation',more species numbers mixed(>10)of seed materials for artificial plant community construction,human regulation of launching and inducing self-res-toration for‘black soil land'sown grassland vegetation,and self-restoration ability and the near-nature restoration model,launching the second background of investigation for‘black soil land'in time,developing the low-cost model of restoration,then that can promote sustainable ecological building in the region Sanjiangyuan.
The‘black soil land'degraded grassland is the unique result of global grassland degradation′s behavior in the Sanjiangyuan region of Tibetan plateau that had severely reduced the ecological function and pastoral industry in the Sanjiangyuan region.Based on the investigation of more than 290 publications and project repots in recent ten years,the authors reviewed the main studys and progresses in restoring engineering of‘black soil land'degraded grassland.This review discussed more about some new theory views,such as‘black soil land'second emergence,hydrothermal-hole effect of‘black soil land',temporary-steady state of‘black soil land'sown grassland etc.For the technique of restoration and rehabilitation,the author proposed some future technique,such as the technique system of‘regional separation-vegetation classification-degradation degree-restoring phase regulation',more species numbers mixed(>10)of seed materials for artificial plant community construction,human regulation of launching and inducing self-res-toration for‘black soil land'sown grassland vegetation,and self-restoration ability and the near-nature restoration model,launching the second background of investigation for‘black soil land'in time,developing the low-cost model of restoration,then that can promote sustainable ecological building in the region Sanjiangyuan.
引文
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