冰鲜杂鱼和人工配合饲料对大口黑鲈肌肉品质及健康状况影响的评价
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摘要
本试验通过测定血清生化指标和肌肉营养成分,评价冰鲜杂鱼和人工配合饲料对大口黑鲈肌肉品质及健康状况的影响。养殖过程中冰鲜组大口黑鲈全程投喂冰鲜杂鱼,饲料组大口黑鲈全程投喂大口黑鲈专用人工配合饲料。在商品鱼上市前,冰鲜组和饲料组各随机采集6尾用于测定血清生化指标,再各随机采集6尾用于测定肌肉营养成分。结果显示:饲料组大口黑鲈血清中谷草转氨酶(AST)活性显著高于冰鲜组(0.01≤P<0.05),血清中碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性极显著高于冰鲜组(P<0.01),血清中总蛋白(TP)和白蛋白(ALB)含量极显著低于冰鲜组(P<0.01)。冰鲜组大口黑鲈肌肉中总氨基酸(TAA)含量显著高于饲料组(0.01≤P<0.05),且肌肉中各种氨基酸的氨基酸评分(AAS)和化学评分(CS)以及必需氨基酸指数(EAAI)均高于饲料组。饲料组大口黑鲈肌肉中亚油酸(C18∶2)含量极显著高于冰鲜组(P<0.01)。结果表明,本试验条件下,冰鲜组大口黑鲈肌肉营养品质特别是蛋白质品质及氨基酸组成要优于饲料组,且健康状况也优于饲料组,但饲料组大口黑鲈肌肉中亚油酸含量较冰鲜组极显著升高。因此,大口黑鲈的人工配合饲料配方还需要进一步的优化,来满足消费者对大口黑鲈的营养需求。
In this experiment,the effects of frozen fresh fish and artificial compound feed on muscle quality and health status of Micropterus salmoides w ere evaluated by measuring serum biochemical indexes and muscle nutritional components. The Micropterus salmoides in frozen fresh group and feed group w ere fed frozen fresh fish and special artificial compound feed for Micropterus salmoides during the w hole farming process,respectively. Before the commercial fish came into the market,six fish w ere randomly sampled from frozen fresh group and feed group,respectively,to measure serum biochemical indexes,and another six fish w ere randomly sampled to measure muscle nutritional components. The results show ed that serum aspartate aminotransferase activity in feed group w as significantly higher than that in frozen fresh group( 0.01≤P< 0.05),and serum alkaline phosphatase activity in feed group w as extremely significantly higher than that in frozen fresh group( P<0.01),w hile serum albumin and total protein contents w ere extremely significantly low er than those in frozen fresh group( P< 0.01). Muscle total amino acid content in frozen fresh group w as significantly higher than that in feed group( 0.01≤P < 0. 05),and the amino acid score( AAS) and chemical score( CS) of each amino acid and essential amino acid index( EAAI) of muscle in frozen fresh group w ere higher than those in feed group. Muscle linoleic acid( C18∶2) content in feed group w as extremely significantly higher than that in frozen fresh group( P < 0. 01). The results indicate that the muscle nutritional quality,especially protein quality and amino acid composition,and health status of Micropterus salmoides in frozen fresh group are superior to feed group,but the muscle linoleic acid content in feed group is extremely significantly improved. So,the formula of artificial compound feed needs further optimization to better satisfy the nutrient requirements of Micropterus salmoides.
In this experiment,the effects of frozen fresh fish and artificial compound feed on muscle quality and health status of Micropterus salmoides w ere evaluated by measuring serum biochemical indexes and muscle nutritional components. The Micropterus salmoides in frozen fresh group and feed group w ere fed frozen fresh fish and special artificial compound feed for Micropterus salmoides during the w hole farming process,respectively. Before the commercial fish came into the market,six fish w ere randomly sampled from frozen fresh group and feed group,respectively,to measure serum biochemical indexes,and another six fish w ere randomly sampled to measure muscle nutritional components. The results show ed that serum aspartate aminotransferase activity in feed group w as significantly higher than that in frozen fresh group( 0.01≤P< 0.05),and serum alkaline phosphatase activity in feed group w as extremely significantly higher than that in frozen fresh group( P<0.01),w hile serum albumin and total protein contents w ere extremely significantly low er than those in frozen fresh group( P< 0.01). Muscle total amino acid content in frozen fresh group w as significantly higher than that in feed group( 0.01≤P < 0. 05),and the amino acid score( AAS) and chemical score( CS) of each amino acid and essential amino acid index( EAAI) of muscle in frozen fresh group w ere higher than those in feed group. Muscle linoleic acid( C18∶2) content in feed group w as extremely significantly higher than that in frozen fresh group( P < 0. 01). The results indicate that the muscle nutritional quality,especially protein quality and amino acid composition,and health status of Micropterus salmoides in frozen fresh group are superior to feed group,but the muscle linoleic acid content in feed group is extremely significantly improved. So,the formula of artificial compound feed needs further optimization to better satisfy the nutrient requirements of Micropterus salmoides.
引文
[1]陈乃松,梁勤朗,肖温温,等.在低蛋白质饲料中补充必需氨基酸对大口黑鲈生长、体组成和免疫指标的影响[J].水生生物学报,2014,38(2):262-271.
[2]张丽,许国焕,郭慧青,等.摄食不同饵料对加州鲈生长性能及体成分的影响[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(6):60-63.
[3]王广军,关胜军,吴锐全,等.大口黑鲈肌肉营养成分分析及营养评价[J].海洋渔业,2008,30(3):239-244.
[4]关胜军,吴锐全,谢骏,等.两种饲料对大口黑鲈生长、消化道指数和消化酶活性的影响[J].饲料工业,2007,28(2):32-36.
[5]郁二蒙,张振男,夏耘,等.摄食不同饵料的大口黑鲈肠道菌群分析[J].水产学报,2015,39(1):118-126.
[6]ALASALVAR C,TAYLOR K D A,ZUBCOV E,et al.Differentiation of cultured and w ild sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax),total lipids content,fatty acid and trace m ineral com position[J].Food Chem istry,2002,79(2):145-150.
[7]CEJAS J R,ALMANSA E,VILLAMANDOS J E,et al.Lipid and fatty acid com position of ovaries from w ild fish and ovaries and eggs from captive fish of White Sea bream(Diplodus sargus)[J].Aquaculture,2003,216(1/2/3/4):299-313.
[8]CODIER M,BRICHON G,WEBER J M,et al.Changes in the fatty acid com position of phospholipids in tissues of farm ed sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)during an annual cycle.Roles of environm ental tem perature and salinity[J].Com parative Biochem istry and Physiology Part B:Biochem istry and M olecular Biology,2002,133(3):281-288.
[9]OGATAA H Y,EMATAB A C,GARIBAYB E S,et al.Fatty acid com position of five candidate aquaculture species in Central Philippines[J].Aquaculture,2004,236(1/2/3/4):361-375.
[10]GLOVER K A,OTTERH O,OLSEN R E,et al.A com parison of farm ed,w ild and hybrid Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)reared under fam ing conditions[J].Aquaculture,2009,286(3/4):203-210.
[11]吉红,孙海涛,单世涛.池塘与网箱养殖匙吻鲟肌肉营养成分及品质评价[J].水产学报,2011,35(2):261-267.
[12]孙海涛,吉红.饲料蛋白水平对匙吻鲟幼鱼肌肉营养成分及消化酶活力的影响[J].水产科学,2011,30(12):721-725.
[13]刘邦辉,王广军,郁二蒙,等.投喂蚕豆和普通配合饲料草鱼肌肉营养成分比较分析及营养评价[J].南方水产科学,2011,7(6):58-65.
[14]VASEEM H,BANERJEE T K.Contamination of the River Ganga and its toxic im plication in the blood param eters of the m ajor carp Labeo rohita(Ham)[J].Environm ental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(8):5673-5681.
[15]FAO/WHO.Energy and protein requirements[R].Rom e:FAO,1973:40-73.
[16]中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.食物成分表(全国代表值)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1991:30-82.
[17]李永娟,王卫民,黄燕华,等.饲料中添加β-葡聚糖对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标及抗嗜水气单胞菌感染能力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(12):3754-3762.
[18]张璐,李静,谭芳芳,等.饲料中不同维生素A含量对花鲈生长和血清生化指标的影响[J].水产学报,2015,39(1):88-96.
[19]蓝汉冰,陈翠英,黄永政,等.饲料中不同水平维生素A对加州鲈生长和血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(12):34-38.
[20]徐浩,张东玲,陈庆凯,等.低温下饥饿胁迫对大黄鱼血清生化指标的影响[J].生物技术通报,2015,31(6):195-199.
[21]冯广朋,庄平,章龙珍,等.温度对中华鲟幼鱼血液生化指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(10):1973-1978.
[22]ZHOU C P,GE X P,LIN H Z,et al.Effect of dietary carbohydrate on non-specific im m une response,hepatic antioxidative abilities and disease resistance of juvenile golden pom pano(Trachinotus ovatus)[J].Fish&Shellfish Im m unology,2014,41(2):183-190.
[23]吴金平,文华,蒋明,等.生物素对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长、体成分及血清生化指标的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(2):15-22.
[24]高露姣,楼宝,毛国民,等.不同饵料饲养的褐牙鲆肌肉营养成分的比较[J].海洋渔业,2009,31(3):293-299.
[25]施永海,张根玉,张海明,等.配合饲料和活饵料喂养刀鲚肌肉营养品质分析与比较[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(2):427-436.
[26]庄平,宋超,章龙珍,等.转食不同饵料对野生中华鲟幼鱼肌肉营养成分的影响[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(5):998-1004.
[27]李芹,刁晓明.不同饵料对瓦氏黄颡鱼稚鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(1):98-102.
[28]陈志强,郑月,蔡洁琼,等.固城湖中华绒螯蟹可食部位氨基酸和脂肪酸组成[J].食品科学,2016,37(10):122-127.
[29]吕帆,朱文彬,王兰梅,等.福瑞鲤与黄河鲤、建鲤鱼肉品质的比较及影响肉质的主成分分析[J].食品科学,2016,37(5):28-34.
[30]OWEN J M,ADRON J W,MIDDLETON C,et al.Elongation and desaturation of dietary fatty acids in turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.,and rainbow trout,Salmo gairdnerii rich[J].Lipids,1975,10(9):528-531.
[31]TIDWELL J H,COYLE S,BRIGHT L A.Effects of different types of dietary lipids on grow th and fatty acid com position of largem outh bass[J].North Am erican Journal of Aquaculture,2007,69(3):257-264.
[32]XUE M,LUO L,WU X F,et al.Effects of six alternative lipid sources on grow th and tissue fatty acid com position in Japanese sea bass(Lateolabrax japonicus)[J].Aquaculture,2006,260(1/2/3/4):206-214.
[33]陈家林,韩冬,朱晓鸣,等.不同脂肪源对异育银鲫的生长、体组成和肌肉脂肪酸的影响[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(6):988-997.
[34]高坚,李洋,叶伟钊,等.不同脂肪源对泥鳅稚鱼生长性能及脂肪酸组成的影响[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(1):1-9.
[35]REGOST C,ARZEL J,ROBIN J,et al.Total replacem ent of fish oil by soybean oil w ith return to fish oil in turbot(Psetta maxima):Ⅰ.Grow th perform ance,flesh fatty acid profile,and lipid m etabolism[J].Aquaculture,2003,217(1/2/3/4):465-482.
[36]HAMZA N,MHETLI M,KHEMIS I B,et al.Effect of dietary phospholipid levels on perform ance,enzym e activities and fatty acid com position of pikeperch(Sander lucioperca)larvae[J].Aquaculture,2008,275(1/2/3/4):274-282.
[2]张丽,许国焕,郭慧青,等.摄食不同饵料对加州鲈生长性能及体成分的影响[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(6):60-63.
[3]王广军,关胜军,吴锐全,等.大口黑鲈肌肉营养成分分析及营养评价[J].海洋渔业,2008,30(3):239-244.
[4]关胜军,吴锐全,谢骏,等.两种饲料对大口黑鲈生长、消化道指数和消化酶活性的影响[J].饲料工业,2007,28(2):32-36.
[5]郁二蒙,张振男,夏耘,等.摄食不同饵料的大口黑鲈肠道菌群分析[J].水产学报,2015,39(1):118-126.
[6]ALASALVAR C,TAYLOR K D A,ZUBCOV E,et al.Differentiation of cultured and w ild sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax),total lipids content,fatty acid and trace m ineral com position[J].Food Chem istry,2002,79(2):145-150.
[7]CEJAS J R,ALMANSA E,VILLAMANDOS J E,et al.Lipid and fatty acid com position of ovaries from w ild fish and ovaries and eggs from captive fish of White Sea bream(Diplodus sargus)[J].Aquaculture,2003,216(1/2/3/4):299-313.
[8]CODIER M,BRICHON G,WEBER J M,et al.Changes in the fatty acid com position of phospholipids in tissues of farm ed sea bass(Dicentrarchus labrax)during an annual cycle.Roles of environm ental tem perature and salinity[J].Com parative Biochem istry and Physiology Part B:Biochem istry and M olecular Biology,2002,133(3):281-288.
[9]OGATAA H Y,EMATAB A C,GARIBAYB E S,et al.Fatty acid com position of five candidate aquaculture species in Central Philippines[J].Aquaculture,2004,236(1/2/3/4):361-375.
[10]GLOVER K A,OTTERH O,OLSEN R E,et al.A com parison of farm ed,w ild and hybrid Atlantic salmon(Salmo salar L.)reared under fam ing conditions[J].Aquaculture,2009,286(3/4):203-210.
[11]吉红,孙海涛,单世涛.池塘与网箱养殖匙吻鲟肌肉营养成分及品质评价[J].水产学报,2011,35(2):261-267.
[12]孙海涛,吉红.饲料蛋白水平对匙吻鲟幼鱼肌肉营养成分及消化酶活力的影响[J].水产科学,2011,30(12):721-725.
[13]刘邦辉,王广军,郁二蒙,等.投喂蚕豆和普通配合饲料草鱼肌肉营养成分比较分析及营养评价[J].南方水产科学,2011,7(6):58-65.
[14]VASEEM H,BANERJEE T K.Contamination of the River Ganga and its toxic im plication in the blood param eters of the m ajor carp Labeo rohita(Ham)[J].Environm ental Science and Pollution Research,2013,20(8):5673-5681.
[15]FAO/WHO.Energy and protein requirements[R].Rom e:FAO,1973:40-73.
[16]中国预防医学科学院营养与食品卫生研究所.食物成分表(全国代表值)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,1991:30-82.
[17]李永娟,王卫民,黄燕华,等.饲料中添加β-葡聚糖对黄颡鱼幼鱼生长性能、血清生化指标及抗嗜水气单胞菌感染能力的影响[J].动物营养学报,2015,27(12):3754-3762.
[18]张璐,李静,谭芳芳,等.饲料中不同维生素A含量对花鲈生长和血清生化指标的影响[J].水产学报,2015,39(1):88-96.
[19]蓝汉冰,陈翠英,黄永政,等.饲料中不同水平维生素A对加州鲈生长和血清生化指标的影响[J].饲料工业,2016,37(12):34-38.
[20]徐浩,张东玲,陈庆凯,等.低温下饥饿胁迫对大黄鱼血清生化指标的影响[J].生物技术通报,2015,31(6):195-199.
[21]冯广朋,庄平,章龙珍,等.温度对中华鲟幼鱼血液生化指标的影响[J].生态学杂志,2010,29(10):1973-1978.
[22]ZHOU C P,GE X P,LIN H Z,et al.Effect of dietary carbohydrate on non-specific im m une response,hepatic antioxidative abilities and disease resistance of juvenile golden pom pano(Trachinotus ovatus)[J].Fish&Shellfish Im m unology,2014,41(2):183-190.
[23]吴金平,文华,蒋明,等.生物素对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长、体成分及血清生化指标的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,2016,44(2):15-22.
[24]高露姣,楼宝,毛国民,等.不同饵料饲养的褐牙鲆肌肉营养成分的比较[J].海洋渔业,2009,31(3):293-299.
[25]施永海,张根玉,张海明,等.配合饲料和活饵料喂养刀鲚肌肉营养品质分析与比较[J].动物营养学报,2014,26(2):427-436.
[26]庄平,宋超,章龙珍,等.转食不同饵料对野生中华鲟幼鱼肌肉营养成分的影响[J].水生生物学报,2009,33(5):998-1004.
[27]李芹,刁晓明.不同饵料对瓦氏黄颡鱼稚鱼生长和消化酶活性的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(1):98-102.
[28]陈志强,郑月,蔡洁琼,等.固城湖中华绒螯蟹可食部位氨基酸和脂肪酸组成[J].食品科学,2016,37(10):122-127.
[29]吕帆,朱文彬,王兰梅,等.福瑞鲤与黄河鲤、建鲤鱼肉品质的比较及影响肉质的主成分分析[J].食品科学,2016,37(5):28-34.
[30]OWEN J M,ADRON J W,MIDDLETON C,et al.Elongation and desaturation of dietary fatty acids in turbot Scophthalmus maximus L.,and rainbow trout,Salmo gairdnerii rich[J].Lipids,1975,10(9):528-531.
[31]TIDWELL J H,COYLE S,BRIGHT L A.Effects of different types of dietary lipids on grow th and fatty acid com position of largem outh bass[J].North Am erican Journal of Aquaculture,2007,69(3):257-264.
[32]XUE M,LUO L,WU X F,et al.Effects of six alternative lipid sources on grow th and tissue fatty acid com position in Japanese sea bass(Lateolabrax japonicus)[J].Aquaculture,2006,260(1/2/3/4):206-214.
[33]陈家林,韩冬,朱晓鸣,等.不同脂肪源对异育银鲫的生长、体组成和肌肉脂肪酸的影响[J].水生生物学报,2011,35(6):988-997.
[34]高坚,李洋,叶伟钊,等.不同脂肪源对泥鳅稚鱼生长性能及脂肪酸组成的影响[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(1):1-9.
[35]REGOST C,ARZEL J,ROBIN J,et al.Total replacem ent of fish oil by soybean oil w ith return to fish oil in turbot(Psetta maxima):Ⅰ.Grow th perform ance,flesh fatty acid profile,and lipid m etabolism[J].Aquaculture,2003,217(1/2/3/4):465-482.
[36]HAMZA N,MHETLI M,KHEMIS I B,et al.Effect of dietary phospholipid levels on perform ance,enzym e activities and fatty acid com position of pikeperch(Sander lucioperca)larvae[J].Aquaculture,2008,275(1/2/3/4):274-282.