菖蒲残体自消纳型人工湿地氮负荷强化去除研究
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摘要
针对农业面源硝酸盐含量高而有机碳不足的问题,以湿地植物黄花菖蒲的残体作为外加碳源,探寻其静态腐解规律;在后续的连续流实验中,将适量的植物残体投加于模拟人工湿地中,研究对营养盐去除的强化效果。结果表明,菖蒲残体腐解率平均为75%,菖蒲残体中TOC释放质量平均为21.13 mg/g,释放出的COD/ρ(TN)=13.63,COD/ρ(TP)=49.74,具有作为植物碳源的潜力;将菖蒲残体应用于模拟人工湿地系统中,在COD/ρ(TN)=5、3时,湿地系统TN去除率分别提高了14.05个、9.77个百分点;计算得出菖蒲残体腐解释放出的TOC可以被微生物利用部分约为48.43%。在实际应用中,收割的菖蒲残体可以完全被湿地系统自消纳,强化了对总氮的去除效果。
To deal with the common problem in agricultural diffused pollution, that nitrate content was high while organic carbon content was deficient,Iris pseudacorus residual was conducted as additional carbon source to explore the rule of static decomposition. In subsequent continuous flow experiment,the moderate plant residual was added into simulated constructed wetlands, to study the intensified effect of nutrient removal. The results indicated that the average decomposition rate of Iris pseudacorus was 75%, and the average release amount of TOC was 21.13 mg/g in Iris pseudacorus. The rate of released COD and TN was 13.63 and the rate of released COD and TP was 49.74, which showed Iris pseudacorus residual could be used as potential carbon source. When COD/ρ(TN) in simulated constructed wetlands with Iris pseudacorus residual addition was 5 and 3, the TN removal rate increased by 14.05% and 9.77% respectively. According to calculation, about 48.43% of released TOC could be used by microorganisms. In reality, TOC released by Iris pseudacorus reaped from a constructed wetland can be totally consumed by itself to intensify the TN removal effect.
To deal with the common problem in agricultural diffused pollution, that nitrate content was high while organic carbon content was deficient,Iris pseudacorus residual was conducted as additional carbon source to explore the rule of static decomposition. In subsequent continuous flow experiment,the moderate plant residual was added into simulated constructed wetlands, to study the intensified effect of nutrient removal. The results indicated that the average decomposition rate of Iris pseudacorus was 75%, and the average release amount of TOC was 21.13 mg/g in Iris pseudacorus. The rate of released COD and TN was 13.63 and the rate of released COD and TP was 49.74, which showed Iris pseudacorus residual could be used as potential carbon source. When COD/ρ(TN) in simulated constructed wetlands with Iris pseudacorus residual addition was 5 and 3, the TN removal rate increased by 14.05% and 9.77% respectively. According to calculation, about 48.43% of released TOC could be used by microorganisms. In reality, TOC released by Iris pseudacorus reaped from a constructed wetland can be totally consumed by itself to intensify the TN removal effect.
引文
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[22]贾文林,吴娟,武爱国,等.碳氮比对人工湿地污水处理效果的影响[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(4):767-770.
[23]韩玉林,仇硕,夏采意,等.黄菖蒲适生环境筛选[J].植物资源与环境学报,2006,15(2):38-41.
[2]贾亚红.植物缓释碳源用于人工湿地去除污水厂尾水中硝态氮的研究[D].太原:太原理工大学,2013.
[3]VYMAZAL J.Emergent plants used in free water surface constructed wetlands:A review[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,61(19):582-592.
[4]唐金艳,曹培培,徐驰,等.水生植物腐烂分解对水质的影响[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(1):83-89.
[5]杨玉婷,何小娟,苏跃龙,等.外加植物碳源强化人工湿地脱氮的研究进展[J].水处理技术,2015,41(5):1-4.
[6]赵联芳,朱伟,高青.补充植物碳源提高人工湿地脱氮效率[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2009,10(6):644-649.
[7]WU S,HE S,ZHOU W,et al.Decomposition characteristics of three different kinds of aquatic macrophytes and their potential application as carbon resource in constructed wetland[J].Environmental Pollution,2017,231:1122-1133.
[8]武海涛.人工湿地反硝化脱氮外加碳源选择研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2013.
[9]NOAH P H,MAIA S F,ALEXANDER J H.Plant carbohydrate limitation on nitrate reduction in wetland microcosms[J].Water Research,2002,36(3):577-584.
[10]WU S,HE S,HUANG J,et al.Decomposition of emergent aquatic plant(cattail)litter under different conditions and the influence on water quality[J].Water Air&Soil Pollution,2017,228(2):70:1-14.
[11]张来甲,叶春,李春华,等.沉水植物腐解对水体水质的影响[J].环境科学研究,2013,26(2):145-151.
[12]周林飞,赵言稳,芦晓峰.不同生活型植物腐解过程对人工湿地水质的影响研究[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(4):664-670.
[13]李晓东,孙铁珩,李海波,等.人工湿地除磷研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(3):1226-1232.
[14]曹培培,刘茂松,唐金艳,等.几种水生植物腐解过程的比较研究[J].生态学报,2014,34(14):3848-3858.
[15]刘刚,闻岳,周琪.人工湿地反硝化碳源补充研究进展[J].水处理技术,2010,36(4):1-5.
[16]国家环境保护总局《水和废水监测分析方法》编委会.水和废水监测分析方法[M].4版.北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002.
[17]卢少勇,金相灿,余刚.人工湿地的氮去除机理[J].生态学报,2006,26(8):2670-2677.
[18]李祥,黄勇,郑宇慧,等.温度对厌氧氨氧化反应器脱氮效能稳定性的影响[J].环境科学,2012,33(4):1288-1292.
[19]尹军,王建辉,王雪峰,等.污水生物除磷若干影响因素分析[J].环境工程学报,2007,1(4):6-11.
[20]李文红,陈英旭,孙建平.不同溶解氧水平对控制底泥向上覆水体释放污染物的影响研究[J].农业环境科学学报,2003,22(2):170-173.
[21]地表水环境质量标准限值:GB 3838-2002[S].
[22]贾文林,吴娟,武爱国,等.碳氮比对人工湿地污水处理效果的影响[J].环境工程学报,2010,4(4):767-770.
[23]韩玉林,仇硕,夏采意,等.黄菖蒲适生环境筛选[J].植物资源与环境学报,2006,15(2):38-41.