白及块茎生长与叶片内源激素及多糖含量相关性研究
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摘要
【目的】探究白及块茎生长与叶片内源激素的相关性,为生产和科研中应用激素调控白及生长发育提供理论依据。【方法】以驯化苗、一年生和二年生3种不同年限的白及植株为材料,分别测定其苗期、生长旺盛期、开花期、块茎膨大期、衰老期和采收期的块茎质量、多糖含量及叶片内源吲哚乙酸(IAA)、赤霉素(GA3)、玉米素(ZT)和脱落酸(ABA)的含量。使用ELISA酶联免疫吸附分析法测定激素含量;使用苯酚—浓硫酸法测定多糖含量。【结果】3种不同年限的白及植株其块茎质量总体呈上升趋势,并均在采收期达最大值;多糖含量也呈上升趋势,除二年生植株外,驯化苗和一年生植株均在采收期达最大值;叶片中ZT、IAA和GA3 3种激素含量均呈先升后降的变化趋势,而ABA的含量变化在整个生长期间总体呈上升趋势。相关性分析结果显示:块茎质量与多糖含量从开花期开始表现出显著正相关,并在采收期达到极显著相关;叶片内源ABA与块茎质量和多糖含量在苗期至开花期时呈负相关,从块茎膨大期开始直至采收期呈正相关,并在块茎膨大期表现出显著相关。【结论】为在苗期时促进根系活力,保证其对土壤中矿物质等各类营养元素的吸收,应定期对叶片外施ZT和IAA;生长旺盛期时适时外施IAA,并着重外施GA3,以增强叶片光合能力,促进植株光合产物的运输积累;块茎膨大期为促进块茎持续膨大和产物积累,可适当叶片外施ABA。
[Purpose]In order to explore the correlation between tuber growth and endogenous hormones in the leaves of Bletilla striata, and to provide a basis for the regulation of the growth and development in B. striata using hormones in production and research.[Methods]The content of the tuber mass and polysaccharides and endogenous hormones in the leaves of B. striata in the seedling stage, vigorous growth stage, flowering stage, tuber enlargement stage, senescence stage and harvest stage were measured in three different ages from domesticated, annual and biennials. Endogenous hormones include IAA, GA3, ZT, ABA. The hormone content was determined by ELISA enzymelinked immunosorbent assay; the polysaccharide content was determined by phenol-concentrated sulfuric acid method.[Results]The tuber quality of the three different ages generally showed an upward trend, and all of them reached the maximum value at the harvesting stage. The polysaccharide content also showed an upward trend. Except for the two-year-old plants, the domesticated plants and the annual plants were all harvested. During the period of growth, the contents of the three hormones ZT, IAA and GA3 showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing, while the content of ABA increased during the whole growth period. Correlation analysis showed that tuber yield and polysaccharide content showed a significant positive correlation from the flowering stage and reached a very significant correlation at the harvesting stage; endogenous ABA and tuber yield and polysaccharide content were negative at the seedling stage to the flowering stage. Correlatively, there was a positive correlation from the tuber enlargement period to the harvest period, and there was a significant correlation in the tuber enlargement period.[Conclusion]In order to promote root activity and ensure the absorption of various nutrients such as minerals in the soil at the seedling stage, ZT and IAA should be applied to the leaves on a regular basis; IAA should be applied in a timely manner during the vigorous growth stage, with an emphasis on external application. GA3 enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of leaves and promoted the accumulation of photosynthetic products. The enlargement of tubers promoted the continuous enlargement of tubers and the accumulation of the products. Appropriate leaves were applied to ABA.
[Purpose]In order to explore the correlation between tuber growth and endogenous hormones in the leaves of Bletilla striata, and to provide a basis for the regulation of the growth and development in B. striata using hormones in production and research.[Methods]The content of the tuber mass and polysaccharides and endogenous hormones in the leaves of B. striata in the seedling stage, vigorous growth stage, flowering stage, tuber enlargement stage, senescence stage and harvest stage were measured in three different ages from domesticated, annual and biennials. Endogenous hormones include IAA, GA3, ZT, ABA. The hormone content was determined by ELISA enzymelinked immunosorbent assay; the polysaccharide content was determined by phenol-concentrated sulfuric acid method.[Results]The tuber quality of the three different ages generally showed an upward trend, and all of them reached the maximum value at the harvesting stage. The polysaccharide content also showed an upward trend. Except for the two-year-old plants, the domesticated plants and the annual plants were all harvested. During the period of growth, the contents of the three hormones ZT, IAA and GA3 showed a trend of rising first and then decreasing, while the content of ABA increased during the whole growth period. Correlation analysis showed that tuber yield and polysaccharide content showed a significant positive correlation from the flowering stage and reached a very significant correlation at the harvesting stage; endogenous ABA and tuber yield and polysaccharide content were negative at the seedling stage to the flowering stage. Correlatively, there was a positive correlation from the tuber enlargement period to the harvest period, and there was a significant correlation in the tuber enlargement period.[Conclusion]In order to promote root activity and ensure the absorption of various nutrients such as minerals in the soil at the seedling stage, ZT and IAA should be applied to the leaves on a regular basis; IAA should be applied in a timely manner during the vigorous growth stage, with an emphasis on external application. GA3 enhanced the photosynthetic capacity of leaves and promoted the accumulation of photosynthetic products. The enlargement of tubers promoted the continuous enlargement of tubers and the accumulation of the products. Appropriate leaves were applied to ABA.
引文
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[12]李小泉,赵志国,龚庆芳,等.白及组培苗和分株苗植株的农艺性状和品质比较研究[J].中药材,2015,38(12):2476.
[13]仇硕,赵健,唐凤鸾,等.白及与黄花白及假鳞茎产量及品质差异分析[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(9):1648.
[14]杨平飞,宋智琴,刘海,等.不同生长年限白及生长旺盛期农艺性状与质量[J].北方园艺,2017(10):140.DOI:10.11937/bfyy.201710032.
[15]房慧勇,蒋俊,李旻辉.炼苗过程中不同光照强度对白及内源激素的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(21):2941.
[16]唐尚格,夏玉先,裴炎.间接酶联免疫法测定植物内源激素[J].西南农业大学学报,1991(2):67.
[17]杨鑫,罗兴录,覃宏宇,等.木薯内源激素含量与块根淀粉积累关系研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(33):158.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2013.33.028.
[18]赵宁,李伟泽,张倩,等.白及多糖提取工艺优化[J].应用化工,2015,44(12):2212.DOI:10.16581/j.cnki.issn1671-3206.2015.12.013.
[19]朱艳梅,罗兴录,樊吴静.木薯内源细胞分裂素含量对块根淀粉积累的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(8):1279.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2016.08.1279.
[20]李节法,杨琪,虞秀明,等.赤霉素对梨糖代谢及其关键酶基因表达的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2015,33(3):21.DOI:10.3969/J.issn.1671-9964.2015.03.004.
[21]DHASHNAMURTHI V,KUKDE S,SRIVIDHYA,et al.ABA induced changes in pigment contents,photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics,leaf area and dry matter accumulation of three important pulses[J].International Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2013,1(1):1.
[22]古今,李文春,严娟,等.内源激素对滇重楼根茎生长发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(21):27.
[23]李明军,刘世宇,刘雯,等.怀山药微型块茎形成过程中的生理生化变化[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(5):807.DOI:10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2017.1008.
[24]姜海洋.马铃薯块茎形成期糖类物质代谢机制与产量形成的研究[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2017.
[2]苏智良,施彬,董晓光,等.白及不同种植模式对其产量的影响[J].中国农业文摘-农业工程,2018,30(1):53.DOI:10.19518/j.cnki.cn11-2531/s.2018.0017.
[3]任华忠,何毓敏,杨丽.白及化学成分其药理活性研究进展[J].亚太传统医药,2009,5(2):134.
[4]孙达锋,史劲松,张卫明,等.白芨多糖胶研究进展[J].食品科学,2009,30(3):296.
[5]吕洪乐,张同华,李倩.白及多糖药理作用的研究进展[J].中国药房,2015,26(28):4014.
[6]国家药典委员会.中华人民共和国药典:一部[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015.
[7]高龙梅,胡振兴,刘小英,等.白芨组织培养研究进展[J].南方农业,2017,11(01):74.DOI:10.19415/j.cnki.1673-890x.2017.1.025.
[8]张卫明.植物资源开发研究与应用[M].南京:东南大学出版社,2005.
[9]符继红,孙晓红,王吉德,等.植物激素定量分析方法研究进展[J].科学通报,2010,55(33):3163.DOI:10.1007/s11434-010-4243-8.
[10]李卓杰.植物激素及其应用[M].广州:中山大学出版社,1993.
[11]夏玉先,唐尚格.脱落酸玉米素和玉米素核苷与杂种棉铃干物质积累研究[J].西南农业大学学报,1995(3):185.
[12]李小泉,赵志国,龚庆芳,等.白及组培苗和分株苗植株的农艺性状和品质比较研究[J].中药材,2015,38(12):2476.
[13]仇硕,赵健,唐凤鸾,等.白及与黄花白及假鳞茎产量及品质差异分析[J].南方农业学报,2017,48(9):1648.
[14]杨平飞,宋智琴,刘海,等.不同生长年限白及生长旺盛期农艺性状与质量[J].北方园艺,2017(10):140.DOI:10.11937/bfyy.201710032.
[15]房慧勇,蒋俊,李旻辉.炼苗过程中不同光照强度对白及内源激素的影响[J].中国中药杂志,2011,36(21):2941.
[16]唐尚格,夏玉先,裴炎.间接酶联免疫法测定植物内源激素[J].西南农业大学学报,1991(2):67.
[17]杨鑫,罗兴录,覃宏宇,等.木薯内源激素含量与块根淀粉积累关系研究[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(33):158.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-6850.2013.33.028.
[18]赵宁,李伟泽,张倩,等.白及多糖提取工艺优化[J].应用化工,2015,44(12):2212.DOI:10.16581/j.cnki.issn1671-3206.2015.12.013.
[19]朱艳梅,罗兴录,樊吴静.木薯内源细胞分裂素含量对块根淀粉积累的影响[J].南方农业学报,2016,47(8):1279.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.2095-1191.2016.08.1279.
[20]李节法,杨琪,虞秀明,等.赤霉素对梨糖代谢及其关键酶基因表达的影响[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),2015,33(3):21.DOI:10.3969/J.issn.1671-9964.2015.03.004.
[21]DHASHNAMURTHI V,KUKDE S,SRIVIDHYA,et al.ABA induced changes in pigment contents,photosynthetic gas exchange characteristics,leaf area and dry matter accumulation of three important pulses[J].International Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology,2013,1(1):1.
[22]古今,李文春,严娟,等.内源激素对滇重楼根茎生长发育的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(21):27.
[23]李明军,刘世宇,刘雯,等.怀山药微型块茎形成过程中的生理生化变化[J].植物生理学报,2017,53(5):807.DOI:10.13592/j.cnki.ppj.2017.1008.
[24]姜海洋.马铃薯块茎形成期糖类物质代谢机制与产量形成的研究[D].大庆:黑龙江八一农垦大学,2017.