山东省大气环境污染时空特征及其原因分析
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摘要
利用大气例行监测数据,分析了2014年山东省大气污染进行时空特征。从空间看,淄博、济南、枣庄等是山东省大气污染最严重的城市,日照、青岛、威海等城市的污染最轻,东部沿海城市的污染程度明显轻于内陆城市;各地市SO_2的达标情况较好,超过50%,其余污染物的达标率均较低,PM_(2.5)甚至出现各地市均超标的现象。从时间看,污染物冬季浓度高夏季浓度低;PM_(10)和NO_2浓度在3月有小高峰;8月份,SO2、NO_2浓度略有升高;从全年来看,NO_2污染物排放浓度变化不大。通过灰色关联法分析可知,能源消费与污染物空间分布相关性最大,风速与污染物时间分布相关性最大。
The atmospheric routine monitoring data are used to analyze the characteristics of air pollution in 2014 in Shandong Province.From the point of view of the spatial distribution,the air pollution in Zibo,Jinan,Zaozhuang is the most serious as compared with other cities,while Rizhao,Qingdao,Weihai and other cities are under the lightest pollution condition,the pollution degree of the eastern coastal cities is significantly lighter than that of the inland cities; the compliance with respect to SO_2 among various cities is greater than 50%,which is a bit better than those with respect to all other pollutants,whose compliance rates are relatively low,and the compliance rate of PM_(2.5) of all cities do not satisfy the air quality standard. From the point of view of the time distribution,the concentration of pollutant concentration is high in winter and low in summer; the concentrations of PM_(10) and NO_2in March see a small peak; the concentrations of SO_2 and NO_2increase slightly in August; as seen from the full year,the NO_2 pollutant emission concentration changes but little. This pollution situation is mainly related to the natural factors and the factors of human beings,with natural factors including the terrain,the climate,and the meteorology,and the factors of human beings including the policy,the supervision and management,the industrial emissions,the motor vehicle emissions,the resident living conditions and other factors. Through the gray correlation analysis,the correlation of the energy consumption is the largest with respect to the pollutant distribution,and the correlation of the wind speed is the largest with respect to the time distribution of pollutants.
The atmospheric routine monitoring data are used to analyze the characteristics of air pollution in 2014 in Shandong Province.From the point of view of the spatial distribution,the air pollution in Zibo,Jinan,Zaozhuang is the most serious as compared with other cities,while Rizhao,Qingdao,Weihai and other cities are under the lightest pollution condition,the pollution degree of the eastern coastal cities is significantly lighter than that of the inland cities; the compliance with respect to SO_2 among various cities is greater than 50%,which is a bit better than those with respect to all other pollutants,whose compliance rates are relatively low,and the compliance rate of PM_(2.5) of all cities do not satisfy the air quality standard. From the point of view of the time distribution,the concentration of pollutant concentration is high in winter and low in summer; the concentrations of PM_(10) and NO_2in March see a small peak; the concentrations of SO_2 and NO_2increase slightly in August; as seen from the full year,the NO_2 pollutant emission concentration changes but little. This pollution situation is mainly related to the natural factors and the factors of human beings,with natural factors including the terrain,the climate,and the meteorology,and the factors of human beings including the policy,the supervision and management,the industrial emissions,the motor vehicle emissions,the resident living conditions and other factors. Through the gray correlation analysis,the correlation of the energy consumption is the largest with respect to the pollutant distribution,and the correlation of the wind speed is the largest with respect to the time distribution of pollutants.
引文
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[3]Puustinen A,Hameri K,Pekkanen J,et al.Spatial variation of particle number and mass over four European cities[J].Atmospheric Environment,2007,41(31):6622-6636.
[4]Gupta I,Kumar R.Trends of particulate matter in four cities in India[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40(14):2552-2566.
[5]Hang T N,Kim K H.Evaluation of SO2pollution levels between four different types of air quality monitoring stations[J].Atmospheric Environment,2006,40(36):7066-7081.
[6]Vardoulakis S,Gonzalez-Flesca N,Fisher B E A,et al.Spatial variability of air pollution in the vicinity of a permanent monitoring station in central Paris[J].Atmospheric Environment,2005,39(15):2725-2736.
[7]Hu Min,He Lingyan,Huang Xiaofeng,et al.Physicochemical properties,sources and formation mechanism of PM2.5and PM0.1in Beijing[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009:159-161.
[8]Liu Xinling,Wang Xiaoming,Li Xiaoming,et al.Analysis on variation characteristics of air pollution in five cities in central and western Shandong Province during 2000-2004[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2008,8(12):3390-3396.
[9]Song Yanling,Zheng Shuihong,Liu Yanju,et al.Research on charaistics of air pollution in Beijing[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2005,16(B03):116-122.
[10]Wang Changke,Wang Yuesi,Liu Guangren.Characteristics of atmospheric CO2variations and some affecting factors in urban area of Beijing[J].Environmental Science,2003,24(4):13-17.
[11]Ma Yanjun,Cui Jinsong,Liu Xiaomei,et al.Analyese on variation characteristics of atmospheric pollutant in a group of cities in central Liaoning from 1987 to 2002[J].Plateau Meteorology,2005,24(3):428-435.
[12]Wang Shuying,Zhang Xiaoling.Meteorlogical features of PM10pollution in Beijing[J].Journal of Applied Meteorological Science,2002,13(S1):177-184.
[13]Zhao Yue,Pan Jun,Zhang Hongyuan,et al.Analysis of inhalable particles pollution in the atmosphere in Beijing area[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2004,17(1):67-69.
[14]Du Shiyong,Tan Xiaozhe,Tian Yong,et al.Numerical forecast on air quality in Jinan City[J].Research of Environmental Sciences,2002,15(4):20-23.
[15]Liu Enlian,Yan Huaizhong.The source and prevention and control countermeasure on atmosphere granule in Jinan City[J].Environmental Monitoring in China,2005,21(2):84-87.
[16]Shi Lingling,Li Xiaomin,Liu Jing,et al.Air pollution situation of Henan Province and ITS controlling measurea[J].Environmental Technology,2015,33(5):104-108.
[17]Gao Mingmei,Sun Tao,Zhang Kun.Dynamic fuzzy comprehensive evaluation on the atmosphere environmental quality of Jinan City based on the multiple super-scale weighting method[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2014,28(9):150-154.
[18]Du Gaifang,Ma Mintao,Liang Zengqiang.Research of spatial and temporal characteristics of air pollution in Jinan City[J].Sichuan Environment,2014,33(2):58-64.
[19]空气质量指数查询(AQI)[EB/OL].[2016-01-20].http://www.tianqihoubao.com/aqi/.