长江中游黄石江段鱼类早期资源现状
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摘要
为了解长江中游黄石江段鱼类早期资源现状,2015和2016年在黄石江段开展鱼类早期资源调查。共采集鱼类34种,分属6目9科。卵苗组成以贝氏(Hemiculter bleekeri)(占卵苗总捕捞量的85. 7%)、鳊(Parabramis pekinensis)(占10. 9%)和鲢(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix)(占0. 8%)为主。各类群鱼类的仔鱼数量呈现出不同的时间动态。贝氏和鳊在每个月份均占较大比例;鲢在5月份比例较低,之后逐渐升高;银飘鱼(Pseudolaubuca sinensis)和吻虾虎鱼属(Rhinogobius sp)在5、6月份数量较多。2015年估算通过黄石江段的鱼卵、仔鱼径流量分别为6. 7×108粒、1 655. 3×108尾; 2016年分别为19. 0×108粒、1 620. 1×108尾。研究表明,黄石江段是鱼类早期资源的重要分布区,其鱼类早期资源近年来未出现明显的衰退现象。应加强对黄石江段鱼类早期资源的研究和保护。
In order to study the early stage fish resources,surveys were carried out at Huangshi section in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in between 2015 and 2016. There were 34 fish species belonging to 9families and 6 orders. The most abundant of eggs and larvae were Hemiculter bleekeri( 85. 7% of the total numbers),Parabramis pekinensis( 10. 9%) and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix( 0. 8%). The amount of the larvae of different species displayed different temporal dynamics. Hemiculter bleekeri and Parabramis pekinensis dominated during the whole investigation. The proportion of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix increased after May. The amount of Pseudolaubuca sinensis and Rhinogobius sp reached a peak in May and June. An estimated 165. 5billion larvae and 0. 67 billion eggs drifted through the Huangshi section in 2015,while 162. 0 billion larvae and1. 90 billion eggs were observed in 2016. It indicated that Huangshi section was an important distribution area for early stage fish resources and there was no obvious decline phenomenon for its resources. More attention should be paid to protecting the early stage fish resources of Huangshi section.
In order to study the early stage fish resources,surveys were carried out at Huangshi section in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River in between 2015 and 2016. There were 34 fish species belonging to 9families and 6 orders. The most abundant of eggs and larvae were Hemiculter bleekeri( 85. 7% of the total numbers),Parabramis pekinensis( 10. 9%) and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix( 0. 8%). The amount of the larvae of different species displayed different temporal dynamics. Hemiculter bleekeri and Parabramis pekinensis dominated during the whole investigation. The proportion of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix increased after May. The amount of Pseudolaubuca sinensis and Rhinogobius sp reached a peak in May and June. An estimated 165. 5billion larvae and 0. 67 billion eggs drifted through the Huangshi section in 2015,while 162. 0 billion larvae and1. 90 billion eggs were observed in 2016. It indicated that Huangshi section was an important distribution area for early stage fish resources and there was no obvious decline phenomenon for its resources. More attention should be paid to protecting the early stage fish resources of Huangshi section.
引文
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[7]李世健,陈大庆,刘绍平,等.长江中游监利江段鱼卵及仔稚鱼时空分布[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(2):18-24.LI S J, CHEN D Q, LIU S P, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of eggs,fish larvae and juveniles at Jianli cross-section in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2011,41(2):18-24.
[8]郭国忠,高雷,段辛斌,等.长江中游洪湖段仔鱼昼夜变化特征的初步研究[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(1):51-57.GUO G Z,GAO L,DUAN X B,et al. Research of diel drifting patterns of fish larvae at honghu section in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Freshwater Fisheries,2017,47(1):51-57.
[9]张觉民,何志辉.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1973.ZHANG J M,HE Z H. Handbook of fisheries natural resources investigation in inland waters[M]. Beijing:Agriculture Press of China,1973.
[10]卞晓东,张秀梅,肖永双,等.线粒体DNA序列在沙氏下鱵鱼鱼卵鉴别上的应用[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2007,37(S1):111-116.BIAN X D,ZHANG X M,XIAO Y S,et al. Identification of Fish eggs of Japanese Halfbeak(Hyporhamphus sajori)Using mtDNA Sequencing[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China,2007,37(S1):111-116.
[11]易伯鲁,余志堂,梁秩燊,等.长江干流草、青、鲢、鳙四大家鱼产卵场的分布、规模和自然条件[M]//易伯鲁,余志堂,梁秩燊,等.葛洲坝水利枢纽与长江四大家鱼.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社. 1988,1-46.YI B L,LIANG Z S,YU Z T,et al. A comparative study on the early development of grass carp,black carp,silver carp and big head of the Yangtze River.[M]//YI B L,YU Z T,LIANG Z S,et al. Gezhouba water control project and four famous fishes in Yangtze River. Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press. 1988,69-116.
[12]湖北省水生生物研究所鱼类研究室.长江鱼类[M].科学出版社. 1976,17-212.Research laboratory in institute of hydrobiology in Hubei. Fishes in Yangtze River[M]. Science Press. 1976,17-212.
[13]徐薇,刘宏高,唐会元,等.三峡水库生态调度对沙市江段鱼卵和仔鱼的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(2):1-8.XU W,LIU H G,TANG H Y,et al. Effects of ecological operation of Three Gorges reservoir on fish eggs and larvae in Shashi section of the Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Hydroecology,2014,35(2):1-8.
[14]黎明政,段中华,姜伟,等.长江干流不同江段鱼卵及仔鱼漂流特征昼夜变化的初步分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(8):957-962.LI M Z,DUAN Z H,JIANG W,et al. Preliminary analysis on the diel drifting behavior of fish eggs and larvae in different sections of main stream of the Yangtze River[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011,20(8):957-962.
[15]殷名称.鱼类早期生活史研究与其进展[J].水产学报,1991(4):348-358.YIN M C. Advances and studies on early life history of fish[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1991(4):348-358.
[16] LI M Z,GAO X,YANG S,et al. Effects of environmental factors on natural reproduction of the four major Chinese carps in the Yangtze River,China[J]. Zoological Science,2013,30:296-303.
[17]黎明政.长江鱼类生活史对策及其早期生活史阶段对环境的适应[D].中科院水生生物研究所博士学位论文,武汉,2012.LI M Z. Study on the life history strategies of fishes in the yangtze river and its adaption to environment during early life history stage[D]. Thesis for Doctor of Science. Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,2012.
[18] WINEMILLER K O,ROSE K A. Why do most fish produce so many tiny offspring[J]. The American naturalist,1993,142(4):585-603.
[19]长江四大家鱼产卵场调查队.葛洲坝水利枢纽工程截流后长江四大家鱼产卵场调查[J].水产学报,1982,6(4):287-305.Survey team of spawning grounds of domestic fishes in Changjiang River. A survey on the spawning grounds of the four famous Chinese carps in the Yangtze River after dammed by the key water control project at Gezhouba[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,1982,6(4):287-305.
[20]唐锡良.长江上游江津江段鱼类早期资源研究[D].西南大学硕士学位论文,重庆,2010.TANG X L. Studies on early fish resources in Jiangjin crosssection in the upstream of Yangtze River[D]. Thesis for Master of Science,Southwest University,Chongqing,2010.
[21] ZITEK A,SCHMUTZ S,PLONER A. Fish drift in a danube sidearm-system:Ⅱ. seasonal and diurnal patterns[J]. Journal of Fish Biology,2004,65:1339-1357.
[22]邱顺林,刘绍平,黄木桂,等.长江中游江段四大家鱼资源调查[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(6):716-718.QIU S L,LIU S P,HUANG M G. Monitoring of spawning sites of four major Chinese carps in the middle section of Yangtze River[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2002,26(6):716-718.
[23]李向阳,郭胜娟.内河航道整治工程鱼类栖息地保护探析[J].环境影响评价,2015,37(3):26-28.LI X Y,GUO S J. Study of fish habitat protection during inland waterway adjustment activities[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment,2015,37(3):26-28.
[24]高雷.长江口南支鱼类早期资源多样性与时空格局研究[D].中国科学院水生生物研究所博士学位论文,武汉,2014.GAO L. Diversity and temporal and spatial patterns of larval fish assemblages in the south branch of Yangtze Estuary[D]. Thesis for Doctor of Science. Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan. 2014.
[2]曹文宣,常剑波,乔晔,等.长江鱼类早期资源[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007.CAO W X,CHANG J B,QIAO Y,et al. Fish resources of early life history stages in Yangtze River[M]. Beijing:China Water Power Press. 2007.
[3]邱顺林,陈大庆,黄木桂,等.三峡工程截流前长江渔业资源状况初析[J].淡水渔业,1998(2):3-6.QIU S L,CHEN D Q,HUANG M G,et al. The preliminary study of fish resources of the Yangtze River before the closure of Three Gorges project[J]. Freshwater Fisheries,1998(2):3-6.
[4]陈大庆,段辛斌,刘绍平,等.长江渔业资源变动和管理对策[J].水生生物学报,2002(6):685-690.CHEN D Q,DUAN X B,LIU S P,et al. On the dynamics of fishery resources of the Yangtze River and its management[J].Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2002(6):685-690.
[5]黎明政,姜伟,高欣,等.长江武穴江段鱼类早期资源现状[J].水生生物学报,2010,34(6):1211-1217.LI M Z,JIANG W,GAO X,et al. Status quo of early life history stages at Wuxue cross-section of the Yangtze River[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2010,34(6):1211-1217.
[6]段辛斌,陈大庆,李志华,等.三峡水库蓄水后长江中游产漂流性卵鱼类产卵场现状[J].中国水产科学,2008,15(4):523-532.DUAN X B, CHEN D Q, LI Z H, et al. Current status of spawning grounds of fishes with pelagic eggs in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservior[J]. Journal of Fishery Sciences of China,2008,15(4):523-532.
[7]李世健,陈大庆,刘绍平,等.长江中游监利江段鱼卵及仔稚鱼时空分布[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(2):18-24.LI S J, CHEN D Q, LIU S P, et al. Spatial and temporal distribution patterns of eggs,fish larvae and juveniles at Jianli cross-section in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J].Freshwater Fisheries,2011,41(2):18-24.
[8]郭国忠,高雷,段辛斌,等.长江中游洪湖段仔鱼昼夜变化特征的初步研究[J].淡水渔业,2017,47(1):51-57.GUO G Z,GAO L,DUAN X B,et al. Research of diel drifting patterns of fish larvae at honghu section in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River[J]. Freshwater Fisheries,2017,47(1):51-57.
[9]张觉民,何志辉.内陆水域渔业自然资源调查手册[M].北京:农业出版社,1973.ZHANG J M,HE Z H. Handbook of fisheries natural resources investigation in inland waters[M]. Beijing:Agriculture Press of China,1973.
[10]卞晓东,张秀梅,肖永双,等.线粒体DNA序列在沙氏下鱵鱼鱼卵鉴别上的应用[J].中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版),2007,37(S1):111-116.BIAN X D,ZHANG X M,XIAO Y S,et al. Identification of Fish eggs of Japanese Halfbeak(Hyporhamphus sajori)Using mtDNA Sequencing[J]. Periodical of Ocean University of China,2007,37(S1):111-116.
[11]易伯鲁,余志堂,梁秩燊,等.长江干流草、青、鲢、鳙四大家鱼产卵场的分布、规模和自然条件[M]//易伯鲁,余志堂,梁秩燊,等.葛洲坝水利枢纽与长江四大家鱼.武汉:湖北科学技术出版社. 1988,1-46.YI B L,LIANG Z S,YU Z T,et al. A comparative study on the early development of grass carp,black carp,silver carp and big head of the Yangtze River.[M]//YI B L,YU Z T,LIANG Z S,et al. Gezhouba water control project and four famous fishes in Yangtze River. Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press. 1988,69-116.
[12]湖北省水生生物研究所鱼类研究室.长江鱼类[M].科学出版社. 1976,17-212.Research laboratory in institute of hydrobiology in Hubei. Fishes in Yangtze River[M]. Science Press. 1976,17-212.
[13]徐薇,刘宏高,唐会元,等.三峡水库生态调度对沙市江段鱼卵和仔鱼的影响[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(2):1-8.XU W,LIU H G,TANG H Y,et al. Effects of ecological operation of Three Gorges reservoir on fish eggs and larvae in Shashi section of the Yangtze River[J]. Journal of Hydroecology,2014,35(2):1-8.
[14]黎明政,段中华,姜伟,等.长江干流不同江段鱼卵及仔鱼漂流特征昼夜变化的初步分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2011,20(8):957-962.LI M Z,DUAN Z H,JIANG W,et al. Preliminary analysis on the diel drifting behavior of fish eggs and larvae in different sections of main stream of the Yangtze River[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,2011,20(8):957-962.
[15]殷名称.鱼类早期生活史研究与其进展[J].水产学报,1991(4):348-358.YIN M C. Advances and studies on early life history of fish[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,1991(4):348-358.
[16] LI M Z,GAO X,YANG S,et al. Effects of environmental factors on natural reproduction of the four major Chinese carps in the Yangtze River,China[J]. Zoological Science,2013,30:296-303.
[17]黎明政.长江鱼类生活史对策及其早期生活史阶段对环境的适应[D].中科院水生生物研究所博士学位论文,武汉,2012.LI M Z. Study on the life history strategies of fishes in the yangtze river and its adaption to environment during early life history stage[D]. Thesis for Doctor of Science. Institute of Hydrobiology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan,2012.
[18] WINEMILLER K O,ROSE K A. Why do most fish produce so many tiny offspring[J]. The American naturalist,1993,142(4):585-603.
[19]长江四大家鱼产卵场调查队.葛洲坝水利枢纽工程截流后长江四大家鱼产卵场调查[J].水产学报,1982,6(4):287-305.Survey team of spawning grounds of domestic fishes in Changjiang River. A survey on the spawning grounds of the four famous Chinese carps in the Yangtze River after dammed by the key water control project at Gezhouba[J]. Journal of Fisheries of China,1982,6(4):287-305.
[20]唐锡良.长江上游江津江段鱼类早期资源研究[D].西南大学硕士学位论文,重庆,2010.TANG X L. Studies on early fish resources in Jiangjin crosssection in the upstream of Yangtze River[D]. Thesis for Master of Science,Southwest University,Chongqing,2010.
[21] ZITEK A,SCHMUTZ S,PLONER A. Fish drift in a danube sidearm-system:Ⅱ. seasonal and diurnal patterns[J]. Journal of Fish Biology,2004,65:1339-1357.
[22]邱顺林,刘绍平,黄木桂,等.长江中游江段四大家鱼资源调查[J].水生生物学报,2002,26(6):716-718.QIU S L,LIU S P,HUANG M G. Monitoring of spawning sites of four major Chinese carps in the middle section of Yangtze River[J]. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2002,26(6):716-718.
[23]李向阳,郭胜娟.内河航道整治工程鱼类栖息地保护探析[J].环境影响评价,2015,37(3):26-28.LI X Y,GUO S J. Study of fish habitat protection during inland waterway adjustment activities[J]. Environmental Impact Assessment,2015,37(3):26-28.
[24]高雷.长江口南支鱼类早期资源多样性与时空格局研究[D].中国科学院水生生物研究所博士学位论文,武汉,2014.GAO L. Diversity and temporal and spatial patterns of larval fish assemblages in the south branch of Yangtze Estuary[D]. Thesis for Doctor of Science. Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan. 2014.