新疆裸重唇鱼胚胎及早期仔鱼发育的形态观察
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摘要
2016年4月1日—4月19日,在水温12～14℃下采用催产、人工授精和室内孵化方式获得暂养的野生新疆裸重唇鱼Gymnodiptychus dybowskii受精卵和仔鱼,观察其胚胎发育和早期仔鱼的形态特征。结果显示:新疆裸重唇鱼成熟鱼卵为亮黄色或橙色,卵径(2.2±0.28)mm,受精约35min后卵周隙达到最大,卵径2.90～3.40mm,卵黄约占卵体积的3/5。整个发育过程可分为受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期和器官形成期6个阶段。在水温(16±2)℃下,胚胎发育积温为2 359h·℃,187h仔鱼上浮。研究结果表明,新疆裸重唇鱼的胚胎发育特征与新疆地区其他几种裂腹鱼类存在一定差异。
The fertilized eggs and larvae were obtained from wild Xinjiang fish Gymnodiptychus dybowskii by induction, artificial insemination and indoor incubation at water temperature of 12～14 ℃ from April 1 to April 19, 2016, and the observation of embryonic and larval development was aim to establish artificial breeding technology of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii. The results showed that the fertilized eggs of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii were bright yellow or orange in color, and had an egg diameter of(2.2±0.28)mm with the maximum perivitelline gap about 35 minutes after fertilization, when the egg had diameter of 2.90～3.40 mm, and the yolk accounted for about 3/5 of the egg volume. The whole embryonic development process was divided into six stages: fertilized egg, cleavage stage, blastocyst stage, gastrula stage, neuroblast stage and organogenesis stage. The fertilized eggs with accumulated temperature of 2 359 h·℃ were hatched in 187 h at water temperature of(16±2)℃. It was found that there wereto certain extent differences in the characteristics of embryonic development between Gymnodiptychus dybowskii and the other fishes in Schizothoracinae in Xinjiang.
The fertilized eggs and larvae were obtained from wild Xinjiang fish Gymnodiptychus dybowskii by induction, artificial insemination and indoor incubation at water temperature of 12～14 ℃ from April 1 to April 19, 2016, and the observation of embryonic and larval development was aim to establish artificial breeding technology of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii. The results showed that the fertilized eggs of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii were bright yellow or orange in color, and had an egg diameter of(2.2±0.28)mm with the maximum perivitelline gap about 35 minutes after fertilization, when the egg had diameter of 2.90～3.40 mm, and the yolk accounted for about 3/5 of the egg volume. The whole embryonic development process was divided into six stages: fertilized egg, cleavage stage, blastocyst stage, gastrula stage, neuroblast stage and organogenesis stage. The fertilized eggs with accumulated temperature of 2 359 h·℃ were hatched in 187 h at water temperature of(16±2)℃. It was found that there wereto certain extent differences in the characteristics of embryonic development between Gymnodiptychus dybowskii and the other fishes in Schizothoracinae in Xinjiang.
引文
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[5]蔡林钢,牛建功,李红等.巩乃斯河新疆裸重唇鱼和斑重唇鱼产卵场微环境研究[J].干旱区研究,2013,30(1):144-148.
[6]杨天燕,孟玮,海萨,等.新疆几种裂腹鱼类系统发育关系探讨[J].干旱区研究,2011,28(3):555-561.
[7]张人铭,马燕武,吐尔逊,等.塔里木裂腹鱼胚胎和仔鱼发育的初步观察[J].水利渔业,2007,27(2):27-28.
[8]李霞.水产动物组织胚胎学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2006.
[9]齐遵利,张秀文,韩叙,等.温度对白斑狗鱼胚胎发育的影响[J].淡水渔业,2010,40(4):76-79.
[10]陈凤梅,胡家会,王曰文,等.温度对玫瑰无须鲃胚胎发育的影响[J].淡水渔业,2013,43(1):24-27.
[11]马燕武,郭焱,张人铭,等.新疆塔里木河水系土著鱼类区系组成与分布[J].水产学报,2009,33(6):949-956.
[12]蔡林钢,牛建功,刘春池,等.新疆伊犁河不同河段鱼类的物种多样性和优势种[J].水生生物学报,2017,41(4):819-826.
[13]张人铭,马燕武,吐尔逊,等.新疆扁吻鱼的胚胎发育和仔鱼发育的初步观察[J].干旱区研究,2008,25(2):190-195.
[14]蔡林钢,牛建功,张北平,等.伊犁裂腹鱼胚胎及早期仔鱼发育的观察[J].淡水渔业,2011,41(5):74-79.