矢量黏弹性衰减补偿高斯束偏移
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摘要
基于弹性波动理论的多波多分量高斯束偏移具有计算效率高和成像准确等优点.但是目前此方法没有考虑实际地下介质的黏弹性对地震波传播的影响,从而无法补偿能量衰减和校正相位畸变,这使得该方法对一些含高黏弹性地层的成像效果不佳.针对衰减区域的成像问题,本文提出一种黏弹性衰减补偿高斯束偏移方法,该方法以多波多分量矢量波场弹性高斯束偏移方法为基础,在偏移过程中沿射线路径通过引入品质因子Q来考虑黏弹性影响并进行衰减补偿.该方法能够在偏移过程中实现PP波和PS波的自动分离及分别成像.同时,本文给出了在矢量波场偏移过程中提取角度域共成像点道集的方法,以便用于成像质量控制,并为后续速度和黏弹性参数反演提供所需的数据.本文利用2D层状模型和洼陷模型进行了方法测试,其成像结果验证了本文所提出的黏弹性衰减补偿高斯束偏移方法的可行性和有效性.
Elastic-wave equation based multicomponent Gaussian beam migration is a desirable method for its efficiency and accuracy.However,it is not applicable for attenuating media in which anelasticity of the subsurface will cause amplitude loss and phase distortion of seismic waves.Meanwhile seismic attenuation will lead to poor illumination and misplacement of reflectors in a migration image.To increase the resolution of seismic migration images,it makes sense to compensate for such attenuation effect.To process multicomponent seismic records in a viscoelastic medium correctly,we propose a vector-based Gaussian beam migration method with attenuation compensation.In this approach,viscoelasticity is taken into consideration by introducing the quality factor(Q).Attenuation is compensated along seismic rays.We correct the travel time with Qand extend the Gaussian beam migration from elastic media imaging to viscoelastic attenuation compensationimaging.Multimode and multicomponent waves are automatically decomposed into PP and PS waves during the migration without prior separation.In order to monitor imaging quality,angledomain common image gathers are acquired during the vector-based migration,which can be utilized for migration velocity analysis and amplitude-variation-with-angle(AVA)inversion.Numerical experiments demonstrate that this method is feasible and efficient.
Elastic-wave equation based multicomponent Gaussian beam migration is a desirable method for its efficiency and accuracy.However,it is not applicable for attenuating media in which anelasticity of the subsurface will cause amplitude loss and phase distortion of seismic waves.Meanwhile seismic attenuation will lead to poor illumination and misplacement of reflectors in a migration image.To increase the resolution of seismic migration images,it makes sense to compensate for such attenuation effect.To process multicomponent seismic records in a viscoelastic medium correctly,we propose a vector-based Gaussian beam migration method with attenuation compensation.In this approach,viscoelasticity is taken into consideration by introducing the quality factor(Q).Attenuation is compensated along seismic rays.We correct the travel time with Qand extend the Gaussian beam migration from elastic media imaging to viscoelastic attenuation compensationimaging.Multimode and multicomponent waves are automatically decomposed into PP and PS waves during the migration without prior separation.In order to monitor imaging quality,angledomain common image gathers are acquired during the vector-based migration,which can be utilized for migration velocity analysis and amplitude-variation-with-angle(AVA)inversion.Numerical experiments demonstrate that this method is feasible and efficient.
引文
Aki K,Richards P G.1980.Quantitative Seismology:Theory and Methods.San Francisco:W.H.Freeman and Co.
Bai M,Chen X H,Wu J,et al.2016.Multiple-component Gaussian beam reverse-time migration based on attenuation compensation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),59(9):3379-3393,doi:10.6038/cjg20160921.
Ben-Menahem A,Singh S J.2012.Seismic Waves and Sources.New York:Springer.
Berkhout A J,Wapenaar C P A.1989.One-way versions of the Kirchhoff integral.Geophysics,54(4):460-467.
Cavalca M,Fletcher R,Riedel M.2013.Q-compensation in complex media-Ray-based and wavefield extrapolation approaches.∥2013SEG Annual Meeting.Houston,Texas:SEG,3831-3835.
Cerveny V,Psencík I.1983.Gaussian beams and paraxial ray approximation in three-dimensional elastic inhomogeneous media.J.Geophys.,53:1-15.
Cerveny V.2001.Seismic Ray Theory.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Chang W F,McMechan G A.1994.3-D elastic prestack reversetime depth migration.Geophysics,59(4):597-609.
Chen X.2016.Study on one-way wave equation forward modeling and inverse Q migration in viscoelastic TI media[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University.
Dai T F,Kuo J T.1986.Real data results of Kirchhoff elastic wave migration.Geophysics,51(4):1006-1011.
Deng F,McMechan G A.2008.Viscoelastic true-amplitude prestack reverse-time depth migration.Geophysics,73(4):S143-S155.
Du Q Z,Zhu Y T,Ba J.2012.Polarity reversal correction for elastic reverse time migration.Geophysics,77(2):S31-S41.
Du Q Z,Gong X F,Zhang M Q,et al.2014.3DPS-wave imaging with elastic reverse-time migration.Geophysics,79(5):S173-S184.
Duan P F,Cheng J B,Chen A P,et al.2013.Local angle-domain Gaussian beam prestack depth migration in a TI medium.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(12):4206-4214,doi:10.6038/cjg20131223.
Hill N R.1990.Gaussian beam migration.Geophysics,55(11):1416-1428.
Hill N R.2001.Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration.Geophysics,66(4):1240-1250.
Hokstad K.2000.Multicomponent Kirchhoff migration.Geophysics,65(3):861-873.
Keers H,Vasco D W,Johnson L R.2001.Viscoacoustic crosswell imaging using asymptotic waveforms.Geophysics,66(3):861-870.
Kuo J T,Dai T.1984.Kirchhoff elastic wave migration for the case of noncoincident source and receiver.Geophysics,49(8):1223-1238.
Li X L,Mao W J.2016.Multimode and multicomponent Gaussian beam prestack depth migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),59(8):2989-3005,doi:10.6038/cjg20160822.
Li X L,Mao W J,Shi X C,et al.2018.Elastic 3DPS convertedwave Gaussian beam migration.Geophysics,83(3):S213-S225.
Li X Y.1997.Fractured reservoir delineation using multicomponent seismic data.Geophysical Prospecting,45(1):39-64.
Mittet R.2007.A simple design procedure for depth extrapolation operators that compensate for absorption and dispersion.Geophysics,72(2):S105-S112.
Qian Z P,Chapman M,Li X Y,et al.2007.Use of multicomponent seismic data for oil-water discrimination in fractured reservoirs.The Leading Edge,26(9):1176-1184.
Schleicher J,Tygel M,Ursin B,et al.2001.The Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral for anisotropic elastic media.Wave Motion,34(4):353-364.
Traynin P,Liu J,Reilly J M.2008.Amplitude and bandwidth recovery beneath gas zones using Kirchhoff prestack depth Q-migration.∥2008SEG Annual Meeting.Las Vegas,Nevada:SEG,2412-2416.
Wang Y H.2002.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Qfiltering.Geophysics,67(2):657-663.
Wu J,Chen X H,Bai M.2015.Viscoacoustic gaussian beam prestack depth migration.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),45(5):1530-1538.
Xie Y,Xin K F,Sun J,et al.2009.3Dprestack depth migration with compensation for frequency dependent absorption and dispersion.∥2009 SEG Annual Meeting.Houston,Texas:SEG,2919-2923.
Xie Y,Notfors C,Sun J,et al.2010.3Dprestack beam migration with compensation for frequency dependent absorption and dispersion.∥72nd EAGE Conference and Exhibition,Extended Abstracts.SPE,EAGE.
Yan J,Sava P.2008.Isotropic angle-domain elastic reverse time migration.Geophysics,73(6):S229-S239.
Zhang L B,Wang H Z,Ma Z T.2011.Analysis of absorption and dispersion characteristics of anelastic medium.Oil Geophysics Prospecting(in Chinese),46(2):252-258.
Zhu T Y,Harris J M,Biondi B.2014.Q-compensated reverse-time migration.Geophysics,79(3):S77-S87.
Zhu T Y,Sun J Z.2017.Viscoelastic reverse time migration with attenuation compensation.Geophysics,82(2):S61-S73.
白敏,陈小宏,吴娟等.2016.基于吸收衰减补偿的多分量高斯束逆时偏移.地球物理学报,59(9):3379-3393,doi:10.6038/cjg20160921.
陈雪.2016.黏弹TI介质单程波正演模拟与反Q偏移研究[博士论文].长春:吉林大学.
段鹏飞,程玖兵,陈爱萍等.2013.TI介质局部角度域高斯束叠前深度偏移成像.地球物理学报,56(12):4206-4214,doi:10.6038/cjg20131223.
栗学磊,毛伟建.2016.多波多分量高斯束叠前深度偏移.地球物理学报,59(8):2989-3005,doi:10.6038/cjg20160822.
吴娟,陈小宏,白敏.2015.黏滞声波高斯束叠前深度偏移.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),45(5):1530-1538.
张立彬,王华忠,马在田.2011.非完全弹性介质的地震波吸收与频散问题研究.石油地球物理勘探,46(2):252-258.
Bai M,Chen X H,Wu J,et al.2016.Multiple-component Gaussian beam reverse-time migration based on attenuation compensation.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),59(9):3379-3393,doi:10.6038/cjg20160921.
Ben-Menahem A,Singh S J.2012.Seismic Waves and Sources.New York:Springer.
Berkhout A J,Wapenaar C P A.1989.One-way versions of the Kirchhoff integral.Geophysics,54(4):460-467.
Cavalca M,Fletcher R,Riedel M.2013.Q-compensation in complex media-Ray-based and wavefield extrapolation approaches.∥2013SEG Annual Meeting.Houston,Texas:SEG,3831-3835.
Cerveny V,Psencík I.1983.Gaussian beams and paraxial ray approximation in three-dimensional elastic inhomogeneous media.J.Geophys.,53:1-15.
Cerveny V.2001.Seismic Ray Theory.Cambridge:Cambridge University Press.
Chang W F,McMechan G A.1994.3-D elastic prestack reversetime depth migration.Geophysics,59(4):597-609.
Chen X.2016.Study on one-way wave equation forward modeling and inverse Q migration in viscoelastic TI media[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University.
Dai T F,Kuo J T.1986.Real data results of Kirchhoff elastic wave migration.Geophysics,51(4):1006-1011.
Deng F,McMechan G A.2008.Viscoelastic true-amplitude prestack reverse-time depth migration.Geophysics,73(4):S143-S155.
Du Q Z,Zhu Y T,Ba J.2012.Polarity reversal correction for elastic reverse time migration.Geophysics,77(2):S31-S41.
Du Q Z,Gong X F,Zhang M Q,et al.2014.3DPS-wave imaging with elastic reverse-time migration.Geophysics,79(5):S173-S184.
Duan P F,Cheng J B,Chen A P,et al.2013.Local angle-domain Gaussian beam prestack depth migration in a TI medium.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),56(12):4206-4214,doi:10.6038/cjg20131223.
Hill N R.1990.Gaussian beam migration.Geophysics,55(11):1416-1428.
Hill N R.2001.Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration.Geophysics,66(4):1240-1250.
Hokstad K.2000.Multicomponent Kirchhoff migration.Geophysics,65(3):861-873.
Keers H,Vasco D W,Johnson L R.2001.Viscoacoustic crosswell imaging using asymptotic waveforms.Geophysics,66(3):861-870.
Kuo J T,Dai T.1984.Kirchhoff elastic wave migration for the case of noncoincident source and receiver.Geophysics,49(8):1223-1238.
Li X L,Mao W J.2016.Multimode and multicomponent Gaussian beam prestack depth migration.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),59(8):2989-3005,doi:10.6038/cjg20160822.
Li X L,Mao W J,Shi X C,et al.2018.Elastic 3DPS convertedwave Gaussian beam migration.Geophysics,83(3):S213-S225.
Li X Y.1997.Fractured reservoir delineation using multicomponent seismic data.Geophysical Prospecting,45(1):39-64.
Mittet R.2007.A simple design procedure for depth extrapolation operators that compensate for absorption and dispersion.Geophysics,72(2):S105-S112.
Qian Z P,Chapman M,Li X Y,et al.2007.Use of multicomponent seismic data for oil-water discrimination in fractured reservoirs.The Leading Edge,26(9):1176-1184.
Schleicher J,Tygel M,Ursin B,et al.2001.The Kirchhoff-Helmholtz integral for anisotropic elastic media.Wave Motion,34(4):353-364.
Traynin P,Liu J,Reilly J M.2008.Amplitude and bandwidth recovery beneath gas zones using Kirchhoff prestack depth Q-migration.∥2008SEG Annual Meeting.Las Vegas,Nevada:SEG,2412-2416.
Wang Y H.2002.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Qfiltering.Geophysics,67(2):657-663.
Wu J,Chen X H,Bai M.2015.Viscoacoustic gaussian beam prestack depth migration.Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition),45(5):1530-1538.
Xie Y,Xin K F,Sun J,et al.2009.3Dprestack depth migration with compensation for frequency dependent absorption and dispersion.∥2009 SEG Annual Meeting.Houston,Texas:SEG,2919-2923.
Xie Y,Notfors C,Sun J,et al.2010.3Dprestack beam migration with compensation for frequency dependent absorption and dispersion.∥72nd EAGE Conference and Exhibition,Extended Abstracts.SPE,EAGE.
Yan J,Sava P.2008.Isotropic angle-domain elastic reverse time migration.Geophysics,73(6):S229-S239.
Zhang L B,Wang H Z,Ma Z T.2011.Analysis of absorption and dispersion characteristics of anelastic medium.Oil Geophysics Prospecting(in Chinese),46(2):252-258.
Zhu T Y,Harris J M,Biondi B.2014.Q-compensated reverse-time migration.Geophysics,79(3):S77-S87.
Zhu T Y,Sun J Z.2017.Viscoelastic reverse time migration with attenuation compensation.Geophysics,82(2):S61-S73.
白敏,陈小宏,吴娟等.2016.基于吸收衰减补偿的多分量高斯束逆时偏移.地球物理学报,59(9):3379-3393,doi:10.6038/cjg20160921.
陈雪.2016.黏弹TI介质单程波正演模拟与反Q偏移研究[博士论文].长春:吉林大学.
段鹏飞,程玖兵,陈爱萍等.2013.TI介质局部角度域高斯束叠前深度偏移成像.地球物理学报,56(12):4206-4214,doi:10.6038/cjg20131223.
栗学磊,毛伟建.2016.多波多分量高斯束叠前深度偏移.地球物理学报,59(8):2989-3005,doi:10.6038/cjg20160822.
吴娟,陈小宏,白敏.2015.黏滞声波高斯束叠前深度偏移.吉林大学学报(地球科学版),45(5):1530-1538.
张立彬,王华忠,马在田.2011.非完全弹性介质的地震波吸收与频散问题研究.石油地球物理勘探,46(2):252-258.