深切割区尾矿库排洪系统“空天地一体化”行洪能力评估
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摘要
尾矿库作为矿山重大危险源,其排洪系统行洪能力直接影响着尾矿库的稳定性。为解决传统方法对深切割区尾矿库排洪系统行洪能力评估效率低、精度差的问题,以川西高原高山峡谷区某尾矿库为例,首先采用高分遥感技术获取尾矿库汇水区信息,然后利用无人机摄影测量和三维激光扫描技术提取现状库身长度,建立尾矿库DEM,计算调洪库容,最后进行调洪验算,构建了基于"空天地一体化"的深切割区尾矿库排洪系统行洪能力评估方法。实例计算结果表明:尾矿库排洪系统最大泄流量出现于时序3.15 h,泄流量21.58 m~3/s,所需调洪库容3.52万m~3,小于尾矿库具备的调洪库容4.62万m~3,表明排洪系统行洪能力满足相应等级要求,同时也体现出该方法在深切割区尾矿库排洪系统行洪能力评估中具有优越性和可复制性。
As a major hazard source of mine,flood discharge capacity of tailings pond drainage system has a direct impact on its stability. In order to solve the problem of low efficiency and poor precision of traditional methods in flood discharge capacity assessment of tailings pond in deep cutting area,taking a tailings pond in the alpine valley region of western Sichuan Plateau as an example,the high-resolution remote sensing was used to obtain the water catchment area information of tailings pond firstly,then UAV photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning were used to extract the current body length of the reservoir,establish tailings pond DEM,and calculate the capacity of the flood control reservoir,and the flood control check calculation was finally conducted to construct a method of flood discharge capacity assessment of the tailings pond drainage system in deep cutting region based on "integration of space,sky and ground". The results show that the maximum discharge flow of the flood discharge system of the tailings pond occurs at time sequence 3.15 h,and the discharge flow is 21.58 m~3/s. The required flood discharge capacity of the tailings pond is 35 200 m~3,which is less than 46,200 m~3 of the flood discharge capacity of the tailings pond,and it means that the discharge capacity of the discharge system meets the requirements of the corresponding grade of flood discharge. Meanwhile,it also reveals that the "integration of space,sky and ground" method has advantages and reproducibility in the assessment of discharge capacity of the tailings pond discharge system in dissecting area.
As a major hazard source of mine,flood discharge capacity of tailings pond drainage system has a direct impact on its stability. In order to solve the problem of low efficiency and poor precision of traditional methods in flood discharge capacity assessment of tailings pond in deep cutting area,taking a tailings pond in the alpine valley region of western Sichuan Plateau as an example,the high-resolution remote sensing was used to obtain the water catchment area information of tailings pond firstly,then UAV photogrammetry and 3D laser scanning were used to extract the current body length of the reservoir,establish tailings pond DEM,and calculate the capacity of the flood control reservoir,and the flood control check calculation was finally conducted to construct a method of flood discharge capacity assessment of the tailings pond drainage system in deep cutting region based on "integration of space,sky and ground". The results show that the maximum discharge flow of the flood discharge system of the tailings pond occurs at time sequence 3.15 h,and the discharge flow is 21.58 m~3/s. The required flood discharge capacity of the tailings pond is 35 200 m~3,which is less than 46,200 m~3 of the flood discharge capacity of the tailings pond,and it means that the discharge capacity of the discharge system meets the requirements of the corresponding grade of flood discharge. Meanwhile,it also reveals that the "integration of space,sky and ground" method has advantages and reproducibility in the assessment of discharge capacity of the tailings pond discharge system in dissecting area.
引文
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[13]何学秋,王云海,梅国栋.基于流变-突变理论的尾矿坝溃坝机理及预警准则研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2012,22(9):74-78.He Xueqiu,Wang Yunhai,Mei Guodong.Study on mechanism and warning criteria of tailings dam-break based on theory of rheologymutation[J].China Safety Science Journal,2012,22(9):74-78.
[14]邓红卫,陈宜楷,雷涛.尾矿库调洪演算的时变分析模型及应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(10):137-142.Deng Hongwei,Chen Yikai,Lei Tao.A time-varying model and its application in flood regulating calculation of tailings pond[J].China Safety Science Journal,2011,21(10):137-142.
[15]常虹,詹福雷,杨国东,等.面向对象的高分遥感影像信息提取技术研究[J].测绘通报,2015(1):99-101.Chang Hong,Zhan Fulei,Yang Guodong,et al.Research on objectsoriented information extraction technology for high resolution remote sensing image[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2015(1):99-101.
[16]陆博迪,孟迪文,陆鸣,等.无人机在重大自然灾害中的应用与探讨[J].灾害学,2011,26(4):122-126.Lu Bodi,Meng Diwen,Lu Ming,et al.Application and exploration of unmanned aerial vehicle in major natural disasters[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2011,26(4):122-126.
[17]王国洲.无人机航摄系统在贵州地质灾害应急中的应用[J].地理空间信息,2010(5):1-3.Wang Guozhou.Application of unmanned air vehicle aerial photographic system to geological survey in disaster response in Guizhou Province[J].Geospatial Information,2010(5):1-3.
[18]隋涛,肖武,王党朝,等.基于无人机摄影测量的露天矿排土场三维模型构建[J].金属矿山,2018(5):135-142.Sui Tao,Xiao Wu,Wang Dangchao,et al.Establishement of the 3Dmodel of open-pit mine dump based on UAV photogrammetry[J].Metal Mine,2018(5):135-142.
[19]闫阳阳,李永强,王英杰,等.三维激光点云联合无人机影像的三维场景重建研究[J].测绘通报,2016(1):84-87.Yan Yangyang,Li Yongqiang,Wang Yingjie,et al.3D scene reconstruction based on 3D laser point cloud combining with UAV images[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2016(1):84-87.
[20]张靖,张爱能,刘国栋.三维激光扫描仪技术在地形测量中的应用[J].西安科技大学学报,2014,34(2):199-203.Zhang Jing,Zhang Aineng,Liu Guodong.Application of 3D laser scanning technology in topographical survey[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2014,34(2):199-203.
[21]李翔,全昌文,陈霖.消费级无人机倾斜摄影数据采集方法研究[J].测绘通报,2016,39(6):263-265.Li Xiang,Quan Changwen,Chen Lin.Research on the method of consumption-type UAV oblique photography data collection[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2016,39(6):263-265.
[22]马国超,王立娟,马松,等.无人机摄影测量在矿山尾矿库建设规划的应用[J].测绘科学,2018,43(1):84-88.Ma Guochao,Wang Lijuan,Ma Song,et al.Application of UAV photogrammetry in construction planning of mine tailings reservoir[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2018,43(1):84-88.
[23]中国有色金属工业协会.GB 50836-2013尾矿设施设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2013.China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association.GB 50836-2013Code for Design of Tailing Facilities[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2013.
[24]四川省水利电力厅.四川省中小流域暴雨洪水计算手册[M].成都:水利电力出版社,1984.Department of Water and Electricity of Sichuan Province.Calculation Manual for Rainstorm and Flood in Small and Medium-sized River Basins of Sichuan Province[M].Chengdu:Water and Electricity Press,1984.
[2]李果,王丽琼,许梦国,等.金属矿山重大危险源判断与评价方法研究[J].金属矿山,2010(11):143-146.Li Guo,Wang Liqiong,Xu Mengguo,et al.Research on the method of judgement and assessment of major hazard sources in metal mines[J].Metal Mine,2010(11):143-146.
[3]张甫仁,景国勋,顾志凡,等.论矿山重大危险源辨识、评价及控制[J].中国煤炭,2001,27(10):41-43.Zhang Furen,Jing Guoxun,Gu Zhifan,et al.Major danger sources in mining operations:identification,evaluation and control[J].China Coal,2001,27(10):41-43.
[4]《尾矿设施设计参考资料》编写组.尾矿设施设计参考资料[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,1980.Editorial Group of References for Tailings Facility Design.References for Tailings Facility Design[M].Beijing:Metallurgical Industry Press,1980.
[5]陈生水.尾矿库安全评价存在的问题与对策[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(10):1869-1873.Chen Shengshui.Problems and countermeasures of safety evaluation of tailing pond[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(10):1869-1873.
[6]肖如林,刘慧明,付卓,等.基于“天地一体化”指标的尾矿库安全预警技术研究[J].环境与可持续发展,2017,42(6):117-121.Xiao Rulin,Liu Huiming,Fu Zhuo,et al.Research on the safety early warning system of tailings pond based on space-ground integration[J].Environment and Sustainable Development,2017,42(6):117-121.
[7]肖如林,申文明,刘彬彬,等.基于“天地一体化”的尾矿库环境风险评估[J].安全与环境工程,2013,20(1):69-74.Xiao Rulin,Shen Wenming,Liu Binbin,et al.Research on the environmental risk evaluation of tailings pond based on space-ground integration[J].Safety and Environmental Engineering,2013,20(1):69-74.
[8]张甫仁,景国勋.矿山重大危险源评价及瓦斯爆炸事故伤害模型建立的若干研究[J].工业安全与环保,2002,28(1):42-45.Zhang Furen,Jing Guoxun.The appraisal of mine major risk sources and researches on the injury model establishment of gas explosion accident[J].Industrial Safety and Environmental Protection,2002,28(1):42-45.
[9]李全明,廖国礼,王云海,等.尾矿坝防洪安全及开裂可能性的评价方法研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2007,3(5):24-29.Li Quanming,Liao Guoli,Wang Yunhai,et al.Study on assessment methods for safety in controlling flood and possibility of cracks of tailing dams[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2007,3(5):24-29.
[10]于广明,宋传旺,潘永战,等.尾矿坝安全研究的国外新进展及我国的现状和发展态势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014(S1):3238-3248.Yu Guangming,Song Chuanwang,Pan Yongzhan,et al.Review of new progress in tailing dam safety in foreign research and current state with development trent in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014(S1):3238-3248.
[11]刘海明,曹净,杨春和.国内外尾矿坝事故致灾因素分析[J].金属矿山,2013(2):126-129.Liu Haiming,Cao Jing,Yang Chunhe.Analysis of factors for tailings dams accidents causing disaster at home and abroad[J].Metal Mine,2013(2):126-129.
[12]魏勇,许开立.集对分析法在尾矿坝稳定性安全评价中的应用[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2012,8(9):101-105.Wei Yong,Xu Kaili.Application of set pair analysis on safety evaluation of tailing dam stability[J].Journal of Safety Science and Technology,2012,8(9):101-105.
[13]何学秋,王云海,梅国栋.基于流变-突变理论的尾矿坝溃坝机理及预警准则研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2012,22(9):74-78.He Xueqiu,Wang Yunhai,Mei Guodong.Study on mechanism and warning criteria of tailings dam-break based on theory of rheologymutation[J].China Safety Science Journal,2012,22(9):74-78.
[14]邓红卫,陈宜楷,雷涛.尾矿库调洪演算的时变分析模型及应用[J].中国安全科学学报,2011,21(10):137-142.Deng Hongwei,Chen Yikai,Lei Tao.A time-varying model and its application in flood regulating calculation of tailings pond[J].China Safety Science Journal,2011,21(10):137-142.
[15]常虹,詹福雷,杨国东,等.面向对象的高分遥感影像信息提取技术研究[J].测绘通报,2015(1):99-101.Chang Hong,Zhan Fulei,Yang Guodong,et al.Research on objectsoriented information extraction technology for high resolution remote sensing image[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2015(1):99-101.
[16]陆博迪,孟迪文,陆鸣,等.无人机在重大自然灾害中的应用与探讨[J].灾害学,2011,26(4):122-126.Lu Bodi,Meng Diwen,Lu Ming,et al.Application and exploration of unmanned aerial vehicle in major natural disasters[J].Journal of Catastrophology,2011,26(4):122-126.
[17]王国洲.无人机航摄系统在贵州地质灾害应急中的应用[J].地理空间信息,2010(5):1-3.Wang Guozhou.Application of unmanned air vehicle aerial photographic system to geological survey in disaster response in Guizhou Province[J].Geospatial Information,2010(5):1-3.
[18]隋涛,肖武,王党朝,等.基于无人机摄影测量的露天矿排土场三维模型构建[J].金属矿山,2018(5):135-142.Sui Tao,Xiao Wu,Wang Dangchao,et al.Establishement of the 3Dmodel of open-pit mine dump based on UAV photogrammetry[J].Metal Mine,2018(5):135-142.
[19]闫阳阳,李永强,王英杰,等.三维激光点云联合无人机影像的三维场景重建研究[J].测绘通报,2016(1):84-87.Yan Yangyang,Li Yongqiang,Wang Yingjie,et al.3D scene reconstruction based on 3D laser point cloud combining with UAV images[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2016(1):84-87.
[20]张靖,张爱能,刘国栋.三维激光扫描仪技术在地形测量中的应用[J].西安科技大学学报,2014,34(2):199-203.Zhang Jing,Zhang Aineng,Liu Guodong.Application of 3D laser scanning technology in topographical survey[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Science and Technology,2014,34(2):199-203.
[21]李翔,全昌文,陈霖.消费级无人机倾斜摄影数据采集方法研究[J].测绘通报,2016,39(6):263-265.Li Xiang,Quan Changwen,Chen Lin.Research on the method of consumption-type UAV oblique photography data collection[J].Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping,2016,39(6):263-265.
[22]马国超,王立娟,马松,等.无人机摄影测量在矿山尾矿库建设规划的应用[J].测绘科学,2018,43(1):84-88.Ma Guochao,Wang Lijuan,Ma Song,et al.Application of UAV photogrammetry in construction planning of mine tailings reservoir[J].Science of Surveying and Mapping,2018,43(1):84-88.
[23]中国有色金属工业协会.GB 50836-2013尾矿设施设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2013.China Nonferrous Metals Industry Association.GB 50836-2013Code for Design of Tailing Facilities[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2013.
[24]四川省水利电力厅.四川省中小流域暴雨洪水计算手册[M].成都:水利电力出版社,1984.Department of Water and Electricity of Sichuan Province.Calculation Manual for Rainstorm and Flood in Small and Medium-sized River Basins of Sichuan Province[M].Chengdu:Water and Electricity Press,1984.