芦苇对盐渍地土壤盐分改良及分布规律的影响
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摘要
为研究芦苇对盐渍地土壤盐分改良及分布规律的影响,对芦苇种植前后及单生长季内不同土壤层次的pH、电导率、有机质、盐分分布特征进行测定,结果表明:(1)经过7年的芦苇种植改良,土壤中Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)、Cl~-、SO_4~(2-)、HCO_3~-、CO_3~(2-)6种盐分离子的含量均显著降低60%以上。(2)单生长季内随着芦苇的生长,土壤粘粒含量有向下运移的趋势,表层土壤(0~20cm)粘粒含量有少量减少;底层(40~60cm)土壤粘粒含量少量提高。同时表层土壤pH值和电导率显著下降,中层变化不显著,下层则略有升高。(3)芦苇种植的盐渍地表层土壤有机质含量显著高于中层和底层,且单生长季内表层土壤有机质含量随芦苇的生长,由8.95g·kg~(-1)提高到11.80g·kg~(-1),提高显著,但中层和底层土壤有机质变化幅度较小,相对稳定。(4)芦苇出苗期盐渍地土壤盐分的表聚现象明显,表层土壤各类盐离子含量均显著高于中层和底层,但后期表层盐分含量下降明显,即芦苇对盐渍土的改良在单生长季内效果显著,其中以对表层土壤盐分改良效果最好。
The effects of reed on soil salt amelioration and distribution in saline-alkali soil were studied by measuring the soil pH,conductivity,organic matter and salt distribution of different soil layers before and after planting of reed and its single growth season.The results showed that:(1)After six years of improvement,the reed on the 6 kinds of salts in the improvement of the effect more than 60%.(2)Soil texture did not change with the growth of reed,but the content of clay particles decreased downward trend.The clay of 0-20 cm soil decreased gradually,while the soil clay content gradually increased in 40-60 cm.The change of soil pH and conductivity was consistent. With the growth and development of reed,the pH value and conductivity of the surface soil decreased significantly,while the middle layer has no changed.(3)The content of soil organic matter in saline soil was significantly higher than that in middle and bottom layers,and the content of soil organic matter increased significantly with the initial8.95 g·kg~(-1) to 11.80 g·kg~(-1),while the soil organic matter changed in the middle and bottom soil was small.(4)The salt the saline soil was significantly higher than that in the middle and bottom layers.The effect on the salt improvement of the surface soil was the best during the reed whole growth period.
The effects of reed on soil salt amelioration and distribution in saline-alkali soil were studied by measuring the soil pH,conductivity,organic matter and salt distribution of different soil layers before and after planting of reed and its single growth season.The results showed that:(1)After six years of improvement,the reed on the 6 kinds of salts in the improvement of the effect more than 60%.(2)Soil texture did not change with the growth of reed,but the content of clay particles decreased downward trend.The clay of 0-20 cm soil decreased gradually,while the soil clay content gradually increased in 40-60 cm.The change of soil pH and conductivity was consistent. With the growth and development of reed,the pH value and conductivity of the surface soil decreased significantly,while the middle layer has no changed.(3)The content of soil organic matter in saline soil was significantly higher than that in middle and bottom layers,and the content of soil organic matter increased significantly with the initial8.95 g·kg~(-1) to 11.80 g·kg~(-1),while the soil organic matter changed in the middle and bottom soil was small.(4)The salt the saline soil was significantly higher than that in the middle and bottom layers.The effect on the salt improvement of the surface soil was the best during the reed whole growth period.
引文
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[22]崔婷婷,窦森,杨轶囡,等.秸秆深还对土壤腐殖质组成和胡敏酸结构特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):718-725.
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[24]杨新国,宋乃平,刘秉儒,等.荒漠草原绿洲化过程中灌溉玉米地土壤夏季盐渍化特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):94-99.
[25]毛振强,宇振荣,马永良.微咸水灌溉对土壤盐分及冬小麦和夏玉米产量的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,8(s1):20-25.
[26]关共凑,魏兴琥.自然降雨对粤北岩溶区土壤钙、镁离子流失影响模拟试验[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):73-76.
[2]杨劲松.中国盐渍土研究的发展历程与展望[J].土壤学报,2008,45(5):837-845.
[3]王学全,高前兆,卢琦.内蒙古河套灌区水资源高效利用与盐渍化调控[J].干旱区资源与环境,2005,19(6):118-123.
[4]丁海荣,洪立洲,杨智青,等.盐碱地及其生物措施改良研究现状[J].现代农业科技,2010(6):299-300.
[5]陶宇,杨佳,杜长禹,等.盐碱地化学改良技术研究[J].磷肥与复肥,2016,31(8):50-52
[6]郭凯,巨兆强,封晓辉,等.咸水结冰灌溉改良盐碱地的研究进展及展望[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(8):1016-1024.
[7]李景信,马义,付喜林.种植星星草改良碱斑地的研究[J].黑龙江畜牧兽医,1984(6):53-55
[8]孔涛,张德胜,徐慧,等.盐碱地及其改良过程中土壤微生物生态特征研究进展[J].土壤,2014,46(4):581-588.
[9]张永宏.盐碱地种植耐盐植物的脱盐效果[J].甘肃农业科技,2005(3):48-49.
[10]赛迪古丽·哈西木.克里雅绿洲芦苇生长对表层土壤特性空间变异的响应研究[D].新疆大学,2010.
[11]张天举,陈永金.滨海湿地土壤表层盐分在不同群落的变异分析[J].科技资讯,2017,15(5):117-120.
[12]张露,韩霁昌,马增辉,等.芦苇不同生育期盐碱土离子含量动态变化研究[J].水土保持研究,2016,23(4):38-42.
[13]兰文辉,阿比提,安海燕.新疆博斯腾湖流域水环境保护与治理[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(2):147-152.
[14]樊玉清,王秀海,孟庆生.辽河口湿地芦苇群落退化过程中土壤营养元素和含盐量变化[J].湿地科学,2013,11(1):35-40.
[15]冯小平,王义东,陈清,等.天津滨海湿地土壤盐分空间演变规律研究[J].天津师范大学学报(自然版),2014,34(2):41-48.
[16]管博,栗云召,夏江宝,等.黄河三角洲不同水位梯度下芦苇植被生态特征及其与环境因子相关关系[J].生态学杂志,2014,33(10):2633-2639.
[17]胡宏昌,田富强,胡和平.新疆膜下滴灌土壤粒径分布及与水盐含量的关系[J].中国科学:技术科学,2011,41(8):1035-1042.
[18]铃木弘七,张晓红.土壤对硫酸根离子的吸附[J].农业资源与环境学报,1992,33(3):26-27.
[19]米迎宾,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.不同措施对滨海盐渍土壤呼吸、电导率和有机碳的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):612-620.
[20]孙博,解建仓,汪妮,等.芦苇对盐碱地盐分富集及改良效应的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(3):92-96.
[21]张林,邵孝侯,王振宇,等.不同蓄水时间下滨海盐土盐分淋失规律研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2011,30(2):51-54.
[22]崔婷婷,窦森,杨轶囡,等.秸秆深还对土壤腐殖质组成和胡敏酸结构特征的影响[J].土壤学报,2014,51(4):718-725.
[23]米迎宾,杨劲松,姚荣江,等.不同措施对滨海盐渍土壤呼吸、电导率和有机碳的影响[J].土壤学报,2016,53(3):612-620.
[24]杨新国,宋乃平,刘秉儒,等.荒漠草原绿洲化过程中灌溉玉米地土壤夏季盐渍化特征[J].水土保持学报,2011,25(4):94-99.
[25]毛振强,宇振荣,马永良.微咸水灌溉对土壤盐分及冬小麦和夏玉米产量的影响[J].中国农业大学学报,2003,8(s1):20-25.
[26]关共凑,魏兴琥.自然降雨对粤北岩溶区土壤钙、镁离子流失影响模拟试验[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):73-76.