基于新型励磁控制的电励磁同步电机飞轮储能系统直接转矩控制
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摘要
电励磁同步电机飞轮储能系统放电过程中,稳定输出直流侧电压、提高电机功率因数是系统的基本要求。稳定直流侧电压的关键在于电机定子磁链的控制。本文采用空间电压矢量调制型直接转矩控制方法,直接将定子磁链作为控制变量,实现了变速、变负载情况下直流侧电压的基本稳定。同时,提出一种新型转子励磁电流控制方法,该方法基于转子磁场定向,以控制电机定子电压与电流矢量反向为目标,实现电机单位功率因数发电运行,且对电机参数依赖性小。仿真及在平台上的试验结果表明,提出的方法有效减少了系统在变速、变负载情况下直流侧电压的跌落,提高了系统的动态响应,并使同步电机的功率因数达到0.97,有效提高了系统效率。
In the discharging mode of electrically excited synchronous motor based flywheel energy storage system, stabilizing the output DC-link voltage and increasing the ESM power factor are basic needs. The key to a stabilizing DC-link voltage is the control of stator flux. In this paper, the voltage space vector modulation based direct torque control scheme(DTC-SVM) is adopted, in which the stator flux is directly regulated, to maintain a stable DC-link voltage while the speed and load varied. Meanwhile, aiming to make the stator voltage and current vector in opposite direction and finally run the motor with unity power factor, a novel rotor excitation current control method is proposed under the rotor-oriented reference frame, in which the dependency of the motor parameter is weakened. Simulation and experiment results show that, the proposed scheme effectively reduced the DC-link voltage drop with the speed and load varying, and increased the power factor to 0.97, which has effectively improved the specific energy.
In the discharging mode of electrically excited synchronous motor based flywheel energy storage system, stabilizing the output DC-link voltage and increasing the ESM power factor are basic needs. The key to a stabilizing DC-link voltage is the control of stator flux. In this paper, the voltage space vector modulation based direct torque control scheme(DTC-SVM) is adopted, in which the stator flux is directly regulated, to maintain a stable DC-link voltage while the speed and load varied. Meanwhile, aiming to make the stator voltage and current vector in opposite direction and finally run the motor with unity power factor, a novel rotor excitation current control method is proposed under the rotor-oriented reference frame, in which the dependency of the motor parameter is weakened. Simulation and experiment results show that, the proposed scheme effectively reduced the DC-link voltage drop with the speed and load varying, and increased the power factor to 0.97, which has effectively improved the specific energy.
引文
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[11] 杜玉亮, 郑琼林, 郭希铮, 等 (Du Yuliang, Zheng Trillion Q, Guo Xizheng, et al.). 飞轮储能系统弱磁控制研究 (Research on flux-weakening control of flywheel energy storage system) [J]. 电力电子技术 (Power Electronics), 2013, 47(9): 60-62.
[12] 郭伟, 王跃, 李宁 (Guo Wei, Wang Yue, Li Ning). 永磁同步电机飞轮储能系统充放电控制策略 (Control strategy for flywheel energy storage system with permanent magnet synchronous machine) [J]. 西安交通大学学报 (Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University), 2014, 48(10): 60-65.
[13] 沈建新, 缪冬敏 (Shen Jianxin, Miao Dongmin). 变速永磁同步发电机系统及控制策略 (Variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator systems and control strategies) [J]. 电工技术学报 (Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society), 2013, 28(3): 1-8.
[14] 阳朝辉, 黄守道, 刘娇 (Yang Zhaohui, Huang Shoudao, Liu Jiao). 宽范围稳压的组合转子同步发电机 (The hybrid rotor synchronous generator operating constant voltage over a wide range of speeds) [J]. 微特电机 (Small and Special Electrical Machines), 2008, 8: 26-28.
[15] 吴义勇, 孙旭东, 柴建云 (Wu Yiyong, Sun Xudong, Chai Jianyun). 永磁磁阻发电机的电压控制 (Voltage control of permanent-magnet reluctance generator) [J]. 电工电能新技术 (Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2006, 25(4): 63-66.
[16] Miao Dongmin, Shen Jianxin. Simulation and analysis of a variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator with flux weakening control [A]. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA’2012) [C]. Nagasaki, Japan, 2012. 1-6.
[17] Cs Szabo, Maria Imecs I I Incze. Double-field orientation of unity power factor synchronous motor drive [A]. 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES) [C]. 2010. 237-242.
[18] 张兴华, 陈鹏飞 (Zhang Xinghua, Chen Pengfei). 内置式永磁同步电机的效率最优直接转矩控制 (Optimal-efficiency direct torque conrol of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors) [J]. 电工电能新技术 (Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2017, 36(7): 57-62.
[19] Casadei D, Profumo F, Serra G, et al. FOC and DTC: Two viable schemes for induction motors torque control [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2002, 17(5): 779-787.
[20] 李崇坚 (Li Chongjian). 交流同步电机调速系统 (Adjusting speed system of synchronous motor) [M]. 北京: 科学出版社 (Beijing: Science Press), 2006.
[21] 周扬忠, 胡育文, 黄文新 (Zhou Yangzhong, Hu Yuwen, Huang Wenxin). 低转矩磁链脉动型电励磁同步电机直接转矩驱动系统的研究 (Research on a direct torque control for electrically excited synchronous motor drive with low ripple in flux and torque) [J]. 中国电机工程学报 (Proceedings of the CSEE), 2006, 26(7): 152-157.
[22] 谭国俊, 景巍, 叶宗彬 (Tan Guojun, Jing Wei, Ye Zongbin). 空间矢量调制型凸极同步电动机直接转矩控制 (Direct torque control of salient pole synchronous motor using space vector) [J]. 系统仿真学报 (Journal of System Simulation), 2008, 20(1): 233-236.
[23] 吴轩钦, 谭国俊, 景巍, 等 (Wu Xuanqin, Tan Guojun, Jing Wei, et al.). 基于改进型磁链观测器直流励磁同步电机控制 (DC-excited synchronous motor control based on improved flux observer) [J]. 电机与控制学报 (Electric Machines and Control), 2011, 15(7): 26-32.
[2] Piller Group GmbH. UNIBLOCK UBTD+ diesel rotary UPS[EB/OL]. www.piller.com, 2015.
[3] 戴兴建, 姜新建, 王秋楠, 等 (Dai Xingjian, Jiang Xinjian, Wang Qiunan, et al.). 1 MW/60 MJ飞轮储能系统设计与实验研究 (The design and testing of a 1MW/60 MJ flywheel energy storage power system) [J]. 电工技术学报 (Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society), 2017, 32(21): 169-175.
[4] 朱永强, 赵娜, 王福源, 等 (Zhu Yongqiang, Zhao Na, Wang Fuyuan, et al.). 能源互联网中多种储能的协调(Energy storage coordination among various energy networks in energy internet) [J]. 电工电能新技术 (Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2017, 36(10): 10-16.
[5] 胡婧娴, 林仕立, 宋文吉, 等 (Hu Jingxian, Lin Shili, Song Wenji, et al.). 城市轨道交通储能系统及其应用进展 (Energy storage for urban rail transportation) [J].储能科学与技术 (Energy Storage Science and Technology), 2014, 3(2): 106-116.
[6] 纪锋, 付立军, 王公宝, 等 (Ji Feng, Fu Lijun, Wang Gongbao, et al.). 舰船综合电力系统飞轮储能控制器设计 (Controller design of flywheel energy storage for vessel integrated power systems) [J]. 中国电机工程学报 (Proceedings of the CSEE), 2015, 35(12): 2952-2959.
[7] 汤延祺, 朱熀秋 (Tang Yanqi, Zhu Huangqiu). 车载飞轮储能系统及其关键技术研究 (Development and key technologies of flywheel energy storage system for vehicle) [J]. 电机与控制应用 (Electirc Machines & Control Application), 2016, 43(5): 38-46.
[8] 陈斌,范林源,张俊武, 等 (Chen Bin, Fan Linyuan, Zhang Junwu, et al.). 基于飞轮储能装置的双馈风电机组并网系统联合调频控制研究 (Research on joint frequency modulation control of the grid-connected system for DFIG based on flywheel energy storage device) [J]. 电工技术 (Electric Engineering), 2018(12): 71-73, 76.
[9] 刘学, 姜新建, 张超平, 等 (Liu Xue, Jiang Xinjian, Zhang Chaoping, et al.). 大容量飞轮储能系统优化控制策略 (Optimization control strategies of large capacity flywheel energy storage system) [J]. 电工技术学报 (Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society), 2014, 29(3): 76-82.
[10] 杜玉亮, 郑琼林, 郭希铮, 等 (Du Yuliang, Zheng Trillion Q, Guo Xizheng, et al.). 飞轮储能系统反向制动发电问题研究 (Research on problem of regenerative braking process of flywheel energy storage system) [J]. 电工技术学报 (Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society), 2013, 28(7): 157-162, 176.
[11] 杜玉亮, 郑琼林, 郭希铮, 等 (Du Yuliang, Zheng Trillion Q, Guo Xizheng, et al.). 飞轮储能系统弱磁控制研究 (Research on flux-weakening control of flywheel energy storage system) [J]. 电力电子技术 (Power Electronics), 2013, 47(9): 60-62.
[12] 郭伟, 王跃, 李宁 (Guo Wei, Wang Yue, Li Ning). 永磁同步电机飞轮储能系统充放电控制策略 (Control strategy for flywheel energy storage system with permanent magnet synchronous machine) [J]. 西安交通大学学报 (Journal of Xi’an Jiaotong University), 2014, 48(10): 60-65.
[13] 沈建新, 缪冬敏 (Shen Jianxin, Miao Dongmin). 变速永磁同步发电机系统及控制策略 (Variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator systems and control strategies) [J]. 电工技术学报 (Transactions of China Electrotechnical Society), 2013, 28(3): 1-8.
[14] 阳朝辉, 黄守道, 刘娇 (Yang Zhaohui, Huang Shoudao, Liu Jiao). 宽范围稳压的组合转子同步发电机 (The hybrid rotor synchronous generator operating constant voltage over a wide range of speeds) [J]. 微特电机 (Small and Special Electrical Machines), 2008, 8: 26-28.
[15] 吴义勇, 孙旭东, 柴建云 (Wu Yiyong, Sun Xudong, Chai Jianyun). 永磁磁阻发电机的电压控制 (Voltage control of permanent-magnet reluctance generator) [J]. 电工电能新技术 (Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2006, 25(4): 63-66.
[16] Miao Dongmin, Shen Jianxin. Simulation and analysis of a variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator with flux weakening control [A]. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Renewable Energy Research and Applications (ICRERA’2012) [C]. Nagasaki, Japan, 2012. 1-6.
[17] Cs Szabo, Maria Imecs I I Incze. Double-field orientation of unity power factor synchronous motor drive [A]. 14th International Conference on Intelligent Engineering Systems (INES) [C]. 2010. 237-242.
[18] 张兴华, 陈鹏飞 (Zhang Xinghua, Chen Pengfei). 内置式永磁同步电机的效率最优直接转矩控制 (Optimal-efficiency direct torque conrol of interior permanent magnet synchronous motors) [J]. 电工电能新技术 (Advanced Technology of Electrical Engineering and Energy), 2017, 36(7): 57-62.
[19] Casadei D, Profumo F, Serra G, et al. FOC and DTC: Two viable schemes for induction motors torque control [J]. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 2002, 17(5): 779-787.
[20] 李崇坚 (Li Chongjian). 交流同步电机调速系统 (Adjusting speed system of synchronous motor) [M]. 北京: 科学出版社 (Beijing: Science Press), 2006.
[21] 周扬忠, 胡育文, 黄文新 (Zhou Yangzhong, Hu Yuwen, Huang Wenxin). 低转矩磁链脉动型电励磁同步电机直接转矩驱动系统的研究 (Research on a direct torque control for electrically excited synchronous motor drive with low ripple in flux and torque) [J]. 中国电机工程学报 (Proceedings of the CSEE), 2006, 26(7): 152-157.
[22] 谭国俊, 景巍, 叶宗彬 (Tan Guojun, Jing Wei, Ye Zongbin). 空间矢量调制型凸极同步电动机直接转矩控制 (Direct torque control of salient pole synchronous motor using space vector) [J]. 系统仿真学报 (Journal of System Simulation), 2008, 20(1): 233-236.
[23] 吴轩钦, 谭国俊, 景巍, 等 (Wu Xuanqin, Tan Guojun, Jing Wei, et al.). 基于改进型磁链观测器直流励磁同步电机控制 (DC-excited synchronous motor control based on improved flux observer) [J]. 电机与控制学报 (Electric Machines and Control), 2011, 15(7): 26-32.