不同施肥处理对温室草莓土壤养分动态变化的影响
|
摘要
通过温室试验,研究不同氮磷钾配比水平下,草莓一个生育期内土壤中pH值、电导率值、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量的动态变化情况。结果表明,土壤中EC值、硝态氮、速效钾、有效磷含量在草莓生育前期大幅下降且生长结束期后各项指标均不同程度的低于幼苗期水平,其中不同配比施肥对生育期前后土壤酸碱性无显著影响(P>0.05);0～20、20～60 cm土层EC值、硝态氮、有效磷和速效钾含量均随施肥水平的增加显著升高(P<0.05);但在施肥量水平达到S-F (N 270 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 180 kg/hm~2、K_2O 240 kg/hm~2)时,0～20 cm土层土壤EC值达到1.255 mS/cm,硝态氮含量达到532.5 mg/kg,此水平下造成硝态氮在生长结束期的累积,加大土壤盐渍化的产生风险;综合考虑,施肥水平为S-E (N 180 kg/hm~2、P_2O_5 120 kg/hm~2、K_2O 160 kg/hm~2)时,既能满足草莓生长所需的养分,同时可以避免硝态氮的累积,抑制土壤次生盐渍化的产生。
The greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the dynamic changes of soil pH value,EC value,nitrate nitrogen,available P and K in different growth stages of strawberry under different N,P and K ratios.The results showed that the EC value,nitrate nitrogen,available P and K decreased sharply in the early stage of strawberry growth,and the contents of all indicators in the seedling stage were all lower than those at the end of growth.Under different ratios of fertilizers,there was no significant effect(P>0.05) on soil acidity and alkalinity before and after strawberry growth.EC value,nitrate nitrogen,available P and K of soil at the depth of 0-20 and 20-60 cm increased significantly(P<0.05) with the increase of fertilization level.But when the amount of fertilizer is too large reaching S-F(N 270 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 180 kg/hm~2,K_2O 240 kg/hm~2),EC value reached 1.255 mS/cm and nitrate nitrogen content reached 532.5 mg/kg.It caused the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and would increase the risk of secondary soil salinization.On the whole,S-E(N 180 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 120 kg/hm~2,K_2O 160 kg/hm~2) can not only meet the needs of strawberry growth,but also avoid the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and thus reduce the salinization of soil.
The greenhouse experiment was conducted to study the dynamic changes of soil pH value,EC value,nitrate nitrogen,available P and K in different growth stages of strawberry under different N,P and K ratios.The results showed that the EC value,nitrate nitrogen,available P and K decreased sharply in the early stage of strawberry growth,and the contents of all indicators in the seedling stage were all lower than those at the end of growth.Under different ratios of fertilizers,there was no significant effect(P>0.05) on soil acidity and alkalinity before and after strawberry growth.EC value,nitrate nitrogen,available P and K of soil at the depth of 0-20 and 20-60 cm increased significantly(P<0.05) with the increase of fertilization level.But when the amount of fertilizer is too large reaching S-F(N 270 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 180 kg/hm~2,K_2O 240 kg/hm~2),EC value reached 1.255 mS/cm and nitrate nitrogen content reached 532.5 mg/kg.It caused the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and would increase the risk of secondary soil salinization.On the whole,S-E(N 180 kg/hm~2,P_2O_5 120 kg/hm~2,K_2O 160 kg/hm~2) can not only meet the needs of strawberry growth,but also avoid the accumulation of nitrate nitrogen and thus reduce the salinization of soil.
引文
[1] 高义民,同延安,路永莉.长期施用氮磷钾肥对黄土高原地区苹果产量及土壤养分累积与分布的影响[J].果树学报,2012,29(3):322-327.
[2] 王学军.日光温室土壤次生盐渍化分析[J].北方园艺,1998(3):12-13.
[3] LY/T1LY/T1210～1275-1999,森林土壤分析方法[S].
[4] 施毅超,胡正义,龙为国,等.轮作对设施蔬菜大棚中次生盐渍化土壤盐分离子累积的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(3):548-553.
[5] 宋科,薛永,郑宪清,等.氮钾肥配施对草莓产量和品质的影响[J].上海农业学报,2016,32(5):82-86.
[2] 王学军.日光温室土壤次生盐渍化分析[J].北方园艺,1998(3):12-13.
[3] LY/T1LY/T1210～1275-1999,森林土壤分析方法[S].
[4] 施毅超,胡正义,龙为国,等.轮作对设施蔬菜大棚中次生盐渍化土壤盐分离子累积的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(3):548-553.
[5] 宋科,薛永,郑宪清,等.氮钾肥配施对草莓产量和品质的影响[J].上海农业学报,2016,32(5):82-86.