气压式振荡试验确定地层渗透系数适宜性
|
摘要
为评价滨海地区海(咸)水入侵区不同类型地层渗透性,提出振荡试验适宜模型选择方法。利用Geoprobe系统对不同平面位置地层实施了气压式振荡试验,部分点位进行了分层测试;利用配线法计算地层渗透系数。结果表明:当试验目标层为承压含水层时,利用Butler模型分析欠阻尼振荡试验,KGS模型分析过阻尼振荡试验,均可获得良好的计算结果;当试验目标层为弱透水层时,KGS模型可用于过阻尼振荡试验的数据分析,但计算结果会受到相邻高渗透性含水层以及钻孔编录不准确的影响。地层渗透性等级未知条件下,需根据地层类型、介质岩性、测试井结构和水位恢复过程曲线特征选择适宜的振荡试验分析模型,以准确获取地层渗透系数值。
To evaluate the permeability of a coastal formation in a seawater( saltwater) intrusion area and to introduce a method to select applicable slug test models,pneumatic slug tests were implemented using a Geoprobe system at different plane positions. Layered slug tests were also performed at several test sites. The matching-type curves method was used to calculate the hydraulic conductivity parameters of formation. The results show that,if the test target formation is a confined aquifer,good results are obtained from the calculations by analyzing either the overdamped oscillation slug tests using the KGS model or the underdamped oscillation slug tests using the Butler model. If the test target formation is an aquitard,the KGS model can be used to analyze the overdamped oscillation slug tests. The calculation results will be affected by the presence of an adjacent aquifer with high hydraulic conductivity and also by the inaccuracy associated with borehole logging. If the conditions of formation have unknown permeability grade,a reasonable slug test solution model must be chosen to calculate the hydraulic conductivity parameters precisely by analyzing concurrently the layer type,the formation type,the test well structure,and the characteristics of the water level recovery.
To evaluate the permeability of a coastal formation in a seawater( saltwater) intrusion area and to introduce a method to select applicable slug test models,pneumatic slug tests were implemented using a Geoprobe system at different plane positions. Layered slug tests were also performed at several test sites. The matching-type curves method was used to calculate the hydraulic conductivity parameters of formation. The results show that,if the test target formation is a confined aquifer,good results are obtained from the calculations by analyzing either the overdamped oscillation slug tests using the KGS model or the underdamped oscillation slug tests using the Butler model. If the test target formation is an aquitard,the KGS model can be used to analyze the overdamped oscillation slug tests. The calculation results will be affected by the presence of an adjacent aquifer with high hydraulic conductivity and also by the inaccuracy associated with borehole logging. If the conditions of formation have unknown permeability grade,a reasonable slug test solution model must be chosen to calculate the hydraulic conductivity parameters precisely by analyzing concurrently the layer type,the formation type,the test well structure,and the characteristics of the water level recovery.
引文
[1]BUTLER J J.The design,performance,and analysis of slug tests[M].Lewis:Taylor&Francis,1997.
[2]HYDER Z,BUTLER JR J J,MCELWEE C D,et al.Slug tests in partially penetrating wells[J].Water Resources Research,1994,30(11):2945-2957.
[3]HYDER Z,BUTLER J J.Slug tests in unconfined formations an assessment of the Bouwer and Rice technique[J].Ground Water,1995,33(1):16-22.
[4]KREYSZIG E.Advanced engineering mathematics[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,1979.
[5]BUTLER J J,GARNETT E J.Simple procedures for analysis of slug tests in formations of high hydraulic conductivity using spreadsheet and scientific graphics software[R].Kansas:Kansas Geological Survey,2000.
[6]BUTLER J J,HEALEY J M,MCCALL G W,et al.Hydraulic tests with direct-push equipment[J].Ground Water,2002,40(1):25-36.
[7]BULTER J J,GAMETT E J,HEALEY J M.Analysis of slug tests in formations of high hydraulic conductivity[J].Ground Water,2003,41(5):620-630.
[8]FRITZ B G,MACKLEY R D,ARNTZEN E V.Conducting slug tests in mini-piezometers[J].Groundwater,2016,54(2):291-295.
[9]MALAMA B,KUHLMAN K L,BRAUCHLER R,et al.Modeling cross-hole slug tests in an unconfined aquifer[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,540:784-796.
[10]PARADIS D,GLOAGUEN E,LEFEBVRE R,et al.A field proof-of-concept of tomographic slug tests in an anisotropic littoral aquifer[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,536:61-73.
[11]SUN H.A semi-analytical solution for slug tests in an unconfined aquifer considering unsaturated flow[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,532:29-36.
[12]WOLNY F,MARCINIAK M,KACZMAREK M.A method for the estimation of dual transmissivities from slug tests[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2018,26:407-416.
[13]独仲德,马炳辉,姚来根,等.确定含水层渗透系数的冲击试验方法[J].水科学进展,2003,12(6):759-762.(DU Z D,MA B H,YAO L G,et al.Slugging test method for determining permeability coefficient of unconfined aquifer[J].Advances in Water Science,2003,12(6):759-262.(in Chinese))
[14]周志芳,王锦国,黄勇,等.钻孔振荡式渗透系数取值试验规程研究[R].南京:河海大学,2008.(ZHOU Z F,WANG J G,HUANG Y,et al.Regulation study of determining transmissivity by slug tests in boreholes[R].Nanjing:Hohai University,2008.(in Chinese))
[15]周志芳,王仲夏,曾新翔,等.岩土体渗透性参数现场快速测试系统开发[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1292-1296.(ZHOU Z F,WANG Z X,ZENG X X,et al.Development of rapid field test system for determining permeable parameters of rock and soil masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1292-1296.(in Chinese))
[16]ZHAO Y R,ZHOU Z F.A field test data research based on a new hydraulic parameters quick test technology[J].Journal of Hy-drodynamics:Ser B,2010,22(4):562-571.
[17]赵燕容,周志芳.基于Kipp和CBP模型确定含水层渗透性的现场微水试验对比研究[J].工程勘察,2012(12):32-38.(ZHAO Y R,ZHOU Z F.Comparative study on field slug tests to determine aquifer permeability based on Kipp model and CBP model[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2012(12):32-38.(in Chinese))
[18]周志芳,庄超,戴云峰,等.单孔振荡式微水试验确定裂隙岩体各向异性渗透参数[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):271-278.(ZHOU Z F,ZHUANG C,DAI Y F,et al.Determining anisotropic hydraulic conductivity in fractured rocks based on single-borehole slug test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(2):271-278.(in Chinese))
[19]周志芳,庄超.裂隙岩体渗透张量的特征值扰动分析[J].水利学报,2015,46(5):536-542.(ZHOU Z F,ZHUANG C.Disturbance analysis of the eigenvalues of hydraulic conductivity tensor in fractured rocks[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(5):536-542.(in Chinese))
[20]戴云峰,周志芳,赵燕容,等.振荡试验确定倾斜承压含水层水文地质参数[J].水科学进展,2015,26(2):233-242.(DAI Y F,ZHOU Z F,ZHAO Y R,et al.Determination of the hydrogeological parameters of a tilted confined aquifer by slug test[J].Advances in Water Science,2015,26(2):233-242.(in Chinese))
[21]DAI Y F,ZHOU Z F,ZHAO Y R,et al.Evaluation of the effects of the radial constant-head boundary in slug tests[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2015,23(4):807-818.
[22]戴云峰.储油洞库地下水系统模拟与控制研究[D].南京:河海大学,2016.(DAI Y F.Research of modelling and controlling for groundwater system around oil storage caverns[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2016.(in Chinese))
[23]LIU Y,SHAO J L,CUI Y L.A double-porosity slug test model for a sloping fracture zone[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(7):5875-5884.
[24]WANG Q R,ZHAN H B,WANG Y X.Non-Darcian effect on slug test in a leaky confined aquifer[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,527:747-753.
[25]YANG L,WANG X S,JIAO J J.Numerical modeling of slug tests with MODFLOW using equivalent well blocks[J].Groundwater,2015,53(1):158-163.
[26]李晓欣,胡春胜,雷玉平,等.应用Geoprobe对河北栾城土壤硝态氮含量进行计算[J].土壤通报,2006,37(5):906-908.(LI X X,HU C S,LEI Y P,et al.Calculation for the accumulation of Nitratenitrogen in a Luancheng soil by Geoprobe[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(5):906-908.(in Chinese))
[27]韩淑敏,付玉芹,杨艳敏,等.大型环境采样机Geoprobe 54DT在水资源与水环境研究中的应用[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(4):53-56.(HAN S M,FU Y Q,YANG Y M,et al.Application of environment sampling instrument of Geoprobe 54DT in water resource and environment[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2008,29(4):53-56.(in Chinese))
[28]王晓丽,郑春苗,刘改胜,等.利用直接推进技术测定渗透系数的最新进展[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(1):8-12.(WANG X L,ZHENG C M,LIU G S,et al.A review of recent developments in using direct-push technologies for rapid high-resolution hydraulic conductivity measurements[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(1):8-12.(in Chinese))
[29]STEHFEST H.Remark on algorithm 368:numerical inversion of Laplace transforms[J].Communications of The ACM,1970,13(10):47-49.
[30]南京水利科学研究院.广州市地下水资源保护与开发利用调查评价[R].广州:广州市水务科学研究所,2016.(Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute.Investigation and evaluation of groundwater resources protection and development in Guangzhou[R].Guangzhou:Guangzhou Water Science Research Institute,2016.(in Chinese))
[2]HYDER Z,BUTLER JR J J,MCELWEE C D,et al.Slug tests in partially penetrating wells[J].Water Resources Research,1994,30(11):2945-2957.
[3]HYDER Z,BUTLER J J.Slug tests in unconfined formations an assessment of the Bouwer and Rice technique[J].Ground Water,1995,33(1):16-22.
[4]KREYSZIG E.Advanced engineering mathematics[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons,1979.
[5]BUTLER J J,GARNETT E J.Simple procedures for analysis of slug tests in formations of high hydraulic conductivity using spreadsheet and scientific graphics software[R].Kansas:Kansas Geological Survey,2000.
[6]BUTLER J J,HEALEY J M,MCCALL G W,et al.Hydraulic tests with direct-push equipment[J].Ground Water,2002,40(1):25-36.
[7]BULTER J J,GAMETT E J,HEALEY J M.Analysis of slug tests in formations of high hydraulic conductivity[J].Ground Water,2003,41(5):620-630.
[8]FRITZ B G,MACKLEY R D,ARNTZEN E V.Conducting slug tests in mini-piezometers[J].Groundwater,2016,54(2):291-295.
[9]MALAMA B,KUHLMAN K L,BRAUCHLER R,et al.Modeling cross-hole slug tests in an unconfined aquifer[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,540:784-796.
[10]PARADIS D,GLOAGUEN E,LEFEBVRE R,et al.A field proof-of-concept of tomographic slug tests in an anisotropic littoral aquifer[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,536:61-73.
[11]SUN H.A semi-analytical solution for slug tests in an unconfined aquifer considering unsaturated flow[J].Journal of Hydrology,2016,532:29-36.
[12]WOLNY F,MARCINIAK M,KACZMAREK M.A method for the estimation of dual transmissivities from slug tests[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2018,26:407-416.
[13]独仲德,马炳辉,姚来根,等.确定含水层渗透系数的冲击试验方法[J].水科学进展,2003,12(6):759-762.(DU Z D,MA B H,YAO L G,et al.Slugging test method for determining permeability coefficient of unconfined aquifer[J].Advances in Water Science,2003,12(6):759-262.(in Chinese))
[14]周志芳,王锦国,黄勇,等.钻孔振荡式渗透系数取值试验规程研究[R].南京:河海大学,2008.(ZHOU Z F,WANG J G,HUANG Y,et al.Regulation study of determining transmissivity by slug tests in boreholes[R].Nanjing:Hohai University,2008.(in Chinese))
[15]周志芳,王仲夏,曾新翔,等.岩土体渗透性参数现场快速测试系统开发[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1292-1296.(ZHOU Z F,WANG Z X,ZENG X X,et al.Development of rapid field test system for determining permeable parameters of rock and soil masses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1292-1296.(in Chinese))
[16]ZHAO Y R,ZHOU Z F.A field test data research based on a new hydraulic parameters quick test technology[J].Journal of Hy-drodynamics:Ser B,2010,22(4):562-571.
[17]赵燕容,周志芳.基于Kipp和CBP模型确定含水层渗透性的现场微水试验对比研究[J].工程勘察,2012(12):32-38.(ZHAO Y R,ZHOU Z F.Comparative study on field slug tests to determine aquifer permeability based on Kipp model and CBP model[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2012(12):32-38.(in Chinese))
[18]周志芳,庄超,戴云峰,等.单孔振荡式微水试验确定裂隙岩体各向异性渗透参数[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):271-278.(ZHOU Z F,ZHUANG C,DAI Y F,et al.Determining anisotropic hydraulic conductivity in fractured rocks based on single-borehole slug test[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2015,34(2):271-278.(in Chinese))
[19]周志芳,庄超.裂隙岩体渗透张量的特征值扰动分析[J].水利学报,2015,46(5):536-542.(ZHOU Z F,ZHUANG C.Disturbance analysis of the eigenvalues of hydraulic conductivity tensor in fractured rocks[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2015,46(5):536-542.(in Chinese))
[20]戴云峰,周志芳,赵燕容,等.振荡试验确定倾斜承压含水层水文地质参数[J].水科学进展,2015,26(2):233-242.(DAI Y F,ZHOU Z F,ZHAO Y R,et al.Determination of the hydrogeological parameters of a tilted confined aquifer by slug test[J].Advances in Water Science,2015,26(2):233-242.(in Chinese))
[21]DAI Y F,ZHOU Z F,ZHAO Y R,et al.Evaluation of the effects of the radial constant-head boundary in slug tests[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2015,23(4):807-818.
[22]戴云峰.储油洞库地下水系统模拟与控制研究[D].南京:河海大学,2016.(DAI Y F.Research of modelling and controlling for groundwater system around oil storage caverns[D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2016.(in Chinese))
[23]LIU Y,SHAO J L,CUI Y L.A double-porosity slug test model for a sloping fracture zone[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,74(7):5875-5884.
[24]WANG Q R,ZHAN H B,WANG Y X.Non-Darcian effect on slug test in a leaky confined aquifer[J].Journal of Hydrology,2015,527:747-753.
[25]YANG L,WANG X S,JIAO J J.Numerical modeling of slug tests with MODFLOW using equivalent well blocks[J].Groundwater,2015,53(1):158-163.
[26]李晓欣,胡春胜,雷玉平,等.应用Geoprobe对河北栾城土壤硝态氮含量进行计算[J].土壤通报,2006,37(5):906-908.(LI X X,HU C S,LEI Y P,et al.Calculation for the accumulation of Nitratenitrogen in a Luancheng soil by Geoprobe[J].Chinese Journal of Soil Science,2006,37(5):906-908.(in Chinese))
[27]韩淑敏,付玉芹,杨艳敏,等.大型环境采样机Geoprobe 54DT在水资源与水环境研究中的应用[J].仪器仪表学报,2008,29(4):53-56.(HAN S M,FU Y Q,YANG Y M,et al.Application of environment sampling instrument of Geoprobe 54DT in water resource and environment[J].Chinese Journal of Scientific Instrument,2008,29(4):53-56.(in Chinese))
[28]王晓丽,郑春苗,刘改胜,等.利用直接推进技术测定渗透系数的最新进展[J].水文地质工程地质,2012,39(1):8-12.(WANG X L,ZHENG C M,LIU G S,et al.A review of recent developments in using direct-push technologies for rapid high-resolution hydraulic conductivity measurements[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2012,39(1):8-12.(in Chinese))
[29]STEHFEST H.Remark on algorithm 368:numerical inversion of Laplace transforms[J].Communications of The ACM,1970,13(10):47-49.
[30]南京水利科学研究院.广州市地下水资源保护与开发利用调查评价[R].广州:广州市水务科学研究所,2016.(Nanjing Hydraulic Research Institute.Investigation and evaluation of groundwater resources protection and development in Guangzhou[R].Guangzhou:Guangzhou Water Science Research Institute,2016.(in Chinese))