光强、温度和N/P比对坛紫菜叶状体单性生殖发生的影响
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摘要
为探究培养条件对坛紫菜叶状体生长和单性生殖发生的影响,研究了不同光强、温度和N/P比下坛紫菜叶状体的生长及单性生殖发生的特点。结果显示,当光强为10～40μmol/(m2·s)时,藻体生长缓慢、成熟晚、单性生殖发生晚;光强增至60～80μmol/(m2·s)时,藻体生长加快,成熟和单性生殖发生同时提前。温度为17～20°C时,藻体生长慢、成熟晚、单性生殖发生推迟;23°C时藻体生长最快;而29°C组的藻体虽然生长受到抑制,但藻体成熟和单性生殖发生得到促进。N/P比为16∶1处理组的叶状体比其他处理组(1∶1、4∶1、32∶1和64∶1)均生长变快,N/P比为64∶1时叶状体生长最慢,但易成熟、易发生单性生殖。因此,在高光强、高温和高N/P比下,藻体成熟和单性生殖发生均提早,说明这些因素对坛紫菜叶状体单性生殖的发生有重要影响。
To explore the influence of the external environment on Pyropia haitanensis blades, the effects of different light intensity, temperature, and ratios of nitrogen to phosphorous on the growth and parthenogenesis of thallus were studied through microscopic observation and statistical analysis. When the light intensity is 10-40 μmol/(m2·s), the algae grow slowly, mature late, and parthenogenesis also occurs later; When the light intensity increased to 60-80 μmol/(m2·s), the algae growth accelerated, maturation became early, and parthenogenesis also advanced. When the temperature is 17-20 °C, the algae grow slowly, mature late, and parthenogenesis is postponed; When the temperature rises above 23 °C, the algae growth begins to be inhibited, but the high temperature promotes the maturation of the algae, and parthenogenesis also occurs in advance. The treatment group with a nitrogen to phosphorous ratio of 16∶1 grew faster than other treatment groups(1∶1, 4∶1, 32∶1 and 64∶1), the slowest rate of thallus growth was observed in the 64∶1 ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus, but it is easy to mature and prone to parthenogenesis. Therefore, at the high light intensity, high temperature and high ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus conditions, both the maturation and parthenogenesis of the algae were improved. Culture conditions have important effects on parthenogenesis of P. haitanensis.
To explore the influence of the external environment on Pyropia haitanensis blades, the effects of different light intensity, temperature, and ratios of nitrogen to phosphorous on the growth and parthenogenesis of thallus were studied through microscopic observation and statistical analysis. When the light intensity is 10-40 μmol/(m2·s), the algae grow slowly, mature late, and parthenogenesis also occurs later; When the light intensity increased to 60-80 μmol/(m2·s), the algae growth accelerated, maturation became early, and parthenogenesis also advanced. When the temperature is 17-20 °C, the algae grow slowly, mature late, and parthenogenesis is postponed; When the temperature rises above 23 °C, the algae growth begins to be inhibited, but the high temperature promotes the maturation of the algae, and parthenogenesis also occurs in advance. The treatment group with a nitrogen to phosphorous ratio of 16∶1 grew faster than other treatment groups(1∶1, 4∶1, 32∶1 and 64∶1), the slowest rate of thallus growth was observed in the 64∶1 ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus, but it is easy to mature and prone to parthenogenesis. Therefore, at the high light intensity, high temperature and high ratio of nitrogen to phosphorus conditions, both the maturation and parthenogenesis of the algae were improved. Culture conditions have important effects on parthenogenesis of P. haitanensis.
引文
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[2]张学成,秦松,马家海,等.海藻遗传学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2005:184-186.Zhang X C,Qin S,Ma J H,et al.Genetics of Marine Algae[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2005:184-186(in Chinese).
[3]朱建一,严兴洪,丁兰平,等.中国紫菜原色图集[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2016:143-144.Zhu J Y,Yan X H,Ding L P,et al.Color Atlas of Chinese Laver[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2016:143-144(in Chinese).
[4]Nakahara H,Nakamura Y.Parthenogenesis,apogamy and apospory in Alaria crassifolia(Laminariales)[J].Marine Biology,1973,18(4):327-332.
[5]Czapik R.Apomixis in monocotyledons[M]//Jacobs S WL,Everett J.Grasses,Systematics and Evolution.Melbourne:CSIRO,2000:316-321.
[6]黄林彬,严兴洪.坛紫菜“申福1号”和“申福2号”的中试研究[C]//2011年全国海水养殖学术研讨会论文集.上海:中国水产学会,2011.Huang L B,Yan X H.The pilot cultivation of“Shenfu No.1”and“Shenfu No.2”of Porphyra haitanensis in mariculture farm[C]//National Symposium on Marine Aquaculture.Shanghai:China Society of Fisheries,2011(in Chinese).
[7]Ding H C,Lv F,Wu H X,et al.Selection and characterization of an improved strain produced by interspecies hybridization between Pyropia sp.from India and Pyropia haitanensis from China[J].Aquaculture,2018,491C:177-183.
[8]梁志强.坛紫菜遗传育种的初步研究[D].上海:上海水产大学,2004:10-22.Liang Z Q.Primary study on genetics and breeding of Porphyra haitanensis[D].Shanghai:Shanghai Fisheries University,2004:10-22(in Chinese).
[9]王素娟,张小平,徐志东,等.坛紫菜营养细胞和原生质体培养的研究I[J].海洋与湖沼,1986,17(3):217-221.Wang S J,Zhang X P,Xu Z D,et al.A study on the cultivation of the vegetative cells and protoplasts of P.haitanensis I[J].Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,1986,17(3):217-221(in Chinese).
[10]殷秀敏.酸雨、UV-B和光强胁迫对5种常绿阔叶树幼苗叶绿素荧光和生长特性的比较研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学,2010.Yin X M.The comparising research on chlorophyⅡfluorescence characteristics and growth of five evergreen broad-leaved seedlings under the stress of acid rain,UV-B and light stress[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang A&FUniversity,2010(in Chinese).
[11]何培民,张政值,张荣铣.条斑紫菜的光合作用及其主要影响因素[J].南京农业大学学报,1999,22(4):19-22.He P M,Zhang Z Z,Zhang R X.Photosynthesis and its primal effect factors in Porphyra[J].Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University,1999,22(4):19-22(in Chinese).
[12]熊福生,高煜珠,詹勇昌,等.植物叶片蔗糖、淀粉积累与其降解酶活性关系研究[J].作物学报,1994,20(1):52-58.Xiong F S,Gao Y Z,Zhan Y C,et al.Relationship between leaf sucrose and starch content and their degradative enzymes activities in crop plants[J].ActaAgronomica Sinica,1994,20(1):52-58(in Chinese).
[13]李霞.中国北方主流海带品系的SSR遗传多样性分析以及种海带孢子囊成熟和温度的关系研究[D].青岛:中国科学院大学海洋研究所,2015.Li X.Studies on genetic diversity of main cultivars of Saccharina japonica by using SSR and temperature effect on sorus development in northern China[J].Qingdao:The Institute of Oceanology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2015(in Chinese).
[14]姚南瑜.藻类生理学[M].大连:大连工学院出版社,1987:259.Yao N Y.Algae physiology[M].Dalian:Dalian Institute of Technology Press,1987:259(in Chinese).
[15]张晓红,王宗灵,李瑞香,等.不同温度、盐度下浒苔(Entromorphra prolifera)群体增长和生殖的显微观测[J].海洋科学进展,2012,30(2):276-283.Zhang X H,Wang Z L,Li R X,et al.Microscopic observation on population growth and reproduction of Entromorphra prolifera under different temperature and salinity[J].Advances in Marine Science,2012,30(2):276-283(in Chinese).
[16]Bartsch I,Vogt J,Pehlke C,et al.Prevailing sea surface temperatures inhibit summer reproduction of the kelp Laminaria digitata at Helgoland(North Sea)[J].Journal of Phycology,2013,49(6):1061-1073.
[17]Redfield A C.The biological control of chemical factors in the environment[J].Science Progress,1960,11:150-170.
[18]袁美玲,王朝晖,李友富.N、P营养盐对海洋卡盾藻(Chattonella marina)生长的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(1):430-435.Yuan M L,Wang Z H,Li Y F.Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus limitation on the growth of Chattonella marina[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(1):430-435(in Chinese).
[19]张猛,石瑛,丁义晶.不同氮磷比和Fe3+浓度对刚毛藻生长繁殖的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2013,41(6):196-198.Zhang M,Shi Y,Ding Y J.The effects of different ratio of nitrogen to phosphorous and Fe3+concentration on growth and reproduction of Cladophora[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2013,41(6):196-198(in Chinese).