西北干寒区冰雪融水氢氧同位素水文地质意义
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摘要
该文根据Dansgoard氘盈余理论,对中国西北干寒地区(甘肃祁连山-黑河流域、新疆塔什库尔干河流域、青海阿尼玛卿山和西藏羊八井)4个典型研究区大气降水、地表水、冰雪融水、地下水的氢氧同位素组成进行了研究对比;发现冰雪融水和部分地下水的δ~2H-δ~(18)O信号均位于地方降水线和全球降水线左上方的罕见现象;进一步研究证明了δ~(18)O、δ~2H和d值在干寒、缺水而有现代冰川分布区研究天然水循环过程有奇特的效果,可以识别地下水是由冰雪融水补给的还是由大气降水补给的,甚至可以区分不同含水层地下水的补给来源,同时分析δ~2H-δ~(18)O信号和氘盈余资料,对判断有冰川、积雪存在地区地下水的补给来源和循环演化具有普遍的水文地质意义和应用价值。
In this study, the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation, surface water, ice-snow meltwater and groundwater in four typical research areas in arid-cold northwestern China(Qilianshan-Heihe River Basin in Gansu,Tashkurgan River Basin in Xinjiang, Amne Machin in Qinghai and Yangbajing in Tibet) were investigated and compared according to Dansgoard's deuterium excess theory. A rare phenomenon was found that the δ~2 H-δ~(18)O signal of ice-snow meltwater and partial groundwater was located at the upper-left of the local and global precipitation line. The research further suggested that the δ~2 H, δ~(18)O and d value were of special significance for investigating the water's natural circulation in arid-cold areas with ice. This information can be used to determine if the groundwater in a given region is recharged by ice-snow or precipitation, and to distinguish the recharging sources of various aquifers. Overall, the results presented herein indicate that analysis of the δ~2 H and δ~(18)O signals concurrently with deuterium excess data can be used to identify a groundwater recharge source and circulation evolution in which ice and snow are present.
In this study, the hydrogen and oxygen isotopic composition of precipitation, surface water, ice-snow meltwater and groundwater in four typical research areas in arid-cold northwestern China(Qilianshan-Heihe River Basin in Gansu,Tashkurgan River Basin in Xinjiang, Amne Machin in Qinghai and Yangbajing in Tibet) were investigated and compared according to Dansgoard's deuterium excess theory. A rare phenomenon was found that the δ~2 H-δ~(18)O signal of ice-snow meltwater and partial groundwater was located at the upper-left of the local and global precipitation line. The research further suggested that the δ~2 H, δ~(18)O and d value were of special significance for investigating the water's natural circulation in arid-cold areas with ice. This information can be used to determine if the groundwater in a given region is recharged by ice-snow or precipitation, and to distinguish the recharging sources of various aquifers. Overall, the results presented herein indicate that analysis of the δ~2 H and δ~(18)O signals concurrently with deuterium excess data can be used to identify a groundwater recharge source and circulation evolution in which ice and snow are present.
引文
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[2]Dansgaard W.Stable isotopes in precipitation[J].Tellus,1964,16(4):436-468.
[3]Clark I D,Fritz P.Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology[M].Authorized Translation from English Language Edition Published by CRC Press,Part of Taylorl Francis Group LLC,1999,226(1):87-92.
[4]Gat JK,Carmi I.Eolution of the isotopic composition of atmospheric waters in the Metiteranean Sea area[J].Journal of Geophgsical Research,1970,7(5):3039-3048.
[5]王东升,徐乃安.中国同位素水文地质学进展[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1993:5-11.Wang Dongsheng,Xu Nai’an.Advances in Isotope Hydrology in China[M].Tianjin:Tianjin University Press,1993:5-11.
[6]Rozanski,K Araguas-Araguas,Gonfiantini R.Isotopic Patterns in Moden Global Precipitation[R].In Continental Isotope Indicator of Climate,American Geophysical Union Monograph,1993,386:67-71.
[7]Frape S K,Fritz P.Geochemical Trends for Groundwaters from the Canadian Shield[C]//P Fritz,S Frape(eds).Saline Water and Gases in Crystalline Rocks,Geological Association of Canada,Specid Paper,1987,33:19-38.
[8]Moser H,Stichler W.Deuterim and Oxygen-18 Contents as Index of the Properties of Snow Blanket[C]//Snow Mechanics,Proceedings,Grindelwald Symposium,1974.
[9]Buason.Equations of isotope fractionation between ice and water in a melting snow column with continuous rain and percolation[J].Journal of Glaciology,1972,11:38-40.
[10]Lanriol B,Ducherne C,Clark I D.Sgstematiqoue du remplissage en eau des fentes de gel:les resuetats d’ure efude oxggene-18 el deuterium[J].Peramfrost and Periglacial Processes,1995,16:47-55.
[11]卫克勤.西藏羊八井地热水的氢氧稳定同位素组成及氘含量[J].地球化学,1983(4):45-48.Wei Keqin.Stable isotope composition of Tibet Yangbajing geothermal water and deuterium content[J].Geochemistry,1983(4):45-48.
[12]White J W.Deuterium excess from GISPZ ice core,potential for correcting paleo temperatures from isotopes in ice core for source water temperatare change[J].Transactions of Americane Geophysical Union,1995,76(17S):177.
[13]White J W,Jchnson S J,Dansgoard W.The origin of Arctic precipitation as deduced from its deuferium excess[J].Annals of Glaciology,1988(10):219-220.
[2]Dansgaard W.Stable isotopes in precipitation[J].Tellus,1964,16(4):436-468.
[3]Clark I D,Fritz P.Environmental Isotopes in Hydrogeology[M].Authorized Translation from English Language Edition Published by CRC Press,Part of Taylorl Francis Group LLC,1999,226(1):87-92.
[4]Gat JK,Carmi I.Eolution of the isotopic composition of atmospheric waters in the Metiteranean Sea area[J].Journal of Geophgsical Research,1970,7(5):3039-3048.
[5]王东升,徐乃安.中国同位素水文地质学进展[M].天津:天津大学出版社,1993:5-11.Wang Dongsheng,Xu Nai’an.Advances in Isotope Hydrology in China[M].Tianjin:Tianjin University Press,1993:5-11.
[6]Rozanski,K Araguas-Araguas,Gonfiantini R.Isotopic Patterns in Moden Global Precipitation[R].In Continental Isotope Indicator of Climate,American Geophysical Union Monograph,1993,386:67-71.
[7]Frape S K,Fritz P.Geochemical Trends for Groundwaters from the Canadian Shield[C]//P Fritz,S Frape(eds).Saline Water and Gases in Crystalline Rocks,Geological Association of Canada,Specid Paper,1987,33:19-38.
[8]Moser H,Stichler W.Deuterim and Oxygen-18 Contents as Index of the Properties of Snow Blanket[C]//Snow Mechanics,Proceedings,Grindelwald Symposium,1974.
[9]Buason.Equations of isotope fractionation between ice and water in a melting snow column with continuous rain and percolation[J].Journal of Glaciology,1972,11:38-40.
[10]Lanriol B,Ducherne C,Clark I D.Sgstematiqoue du remplissage en eau des fentes de gel:les resuetats d’ure efude oxggene-18 el deuterium[J].Peramfrost and Periglacial Processes,1995,16:47-55.
[11]卫克勤.西藏羊八井地热水的氢氧稳定同位素组成及氘含量[J].地球化学,1983(4):45-48.Wei Keqin.Stable isotope composition of Tibet Yangbajing geothermal water and deuterium content[J].Geochemistry,1983(4):45-48.
[12]White J W.Deuterium excess from GISPZ ice core,potential for correcting paleo temperatures from isotopes in ice core for source water temperatare change[J].Transactions of Americane Geophysical Union,1995,76(17S):177.
[13]White J W,Jchnson S J,Dansgoard W.The origin of Arctic precipitation as deduced from its deuferium excess[J].Annals of Glaciology,1988(10):219-220.