无机离子及天然有机物对纤维负载Fe~0还原溴酸盐的影响
|
摘要
为了考察水中存在的NO-3、PO3-4、SO2-4、HCO-3和Cl-几种阴离子及天然有机物腐殖酸HA对纤维负载Fe0还原溴酸盐的影响,实验以接枝丙烯酸(AA)的聚丙烯(PP)纤维为载体,采用配位技术和液相还原法制备出了纤维负载Fe0(PP-g-AA-Fe0)材料,对纤维负载Fe0还原溴酸盐的反应效能进行了研究。结果表明,NO-3存在会与Br O-3产生竞争使还原反应速率有所降低,但这种竞争没有影响Br O-3完全被还原去除;PO3-4、SO2-4和HA存在对Br O-3还原反应影响不大,表观反应速率常数较单纯Br O-3还原体系略有增加,未出现文献报道中所说的明显抑制现象;HCO-3、Cl-的存在明显促进了纤维负载Fe0对Br O-3的还原。
In this study,bromate reduction by PP-g-AA-Fe0 was investigated in the presence of inorganic anion and humic acid( HA) by batch experiments. PP-g-AA-Fe0 is a fiber-supported zero-valent iron,which was synthesized via the liquid phase reduction of iron ions in grafting acrylic acid( AA) polypropylene( PP) fibers.Batch experiments were performed to study the effect of competing ions such as inorganic anions( NO-3,PO3-4,SO2-4,HCO-3,and Cl-) and natural organic matter HA on bromate reduction by PP-g-AA-Fe0. Experimental results showed that the electron competition between bromate with nitrate on the zero-valent iron surface led to a decrease of the bromate reduction rate. However,Br O-3was still completely removed by PP-g-AA-Fe0 in the presence of excess nitrate. The Br O-3reduction could not be obstructed when PO3-4,SO2-4,and HA were present in the experiment system. The apparent rate constants of the Br O-3reduction reactions in the presence of PO3-4,SO2-4,and HA,slightly increased. The inhibitory effect on bromate removal by Fe0 reported in the literature was not observed in this experiment. The experimental results also indicated that HCO-3and Cl-could promote bromate removal by PP-g-AA-Fe0.
In this study,bromate reduction by PP-g-AA-Fe0 was investigated in the presence of inorganic anion and humic acid( HA) by batch experiments. PP-g-AA-Fe0 is a fiber-supported zero-valent iron,which was synthesized via the liquid phase reduction of iron ions in grafting acrylic acid( AA) polypropylene( PP) fibers.Batch experiments were performed to study the effect of competing ions such as inorganic anions( NO-3,PO3-4,SO2-4,HCO-3,and Cl-) and natural organic matter HA on bromate reduction by PP-g-AA-Fe0. Experimental results showed that the electron competition between bromate with nitrate on the zero-valent iron surface led to a decrease of the bromate reduction rate. However,Br O-3was still completely removed by PP-g-AA-Fe0 in the presence of excess nitrate. The Br O-3reduction could not be obstructed when PO3-4,SO2-4,and HA were present in the experiment system. The apparent rate constants of the Br O-3reduction reactions in the presence of PO3-4,SO2-4,and HA,slightly increased. The inhibitory effect on bromate removal by Fe0 reported in the literature was not observed in this experiment. The experimental results also indicated that HCO-3and Cl-could promote bromate removal by PP-g-AA-Fe0.
引文
[1]Gunten U.V.,Hoigne J.Bromate formation during ozonation of bromide-containing waters:Interaction of ozone and hydroxyl radical reactions.Environmental Science&Technology,1994,28(7):1234-1242
[2]Kurokawa Y.,Maekawa A.,Takahashi M.,et al.Toxicity and carcinogenicity of potassium bromate-a new renal carcinogen.Environmental Health Perspectives,1990,87:309-335
[3]Weinberg H.S.,Delcomyn C.A.,Unnam V.Bromate in chlorinated drinking waters:Occurrence and implications for future regulation.Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(14):3104-3110
[4]Buffle M.O.,Galli S.,Gunten U.V.Enhanced bromate control during ozonation:The chlorine-ammonia process.Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(19):5187-5195
[5]Wert E.C.,Neemann J.J.,Johnson D.,et al.Pilotscale and full-scale evaluation of the chlorine-ammonia process for bromate control during ozonation.Ozone:Science&Engineering,2007,29(5):363-372
[6]Kim H.S.,Yamada H.,Tsuno H.The removal of estrogenic activity and control of brominated by-products during ozonation of secondary effluents.Water Research,2007,41(7):1441-1446
[7]Konsowa A.H.Bromate removal from water using granular activated carbon in a batch recycle.Desalination and Water Treatment,2009,12(1-3):375-381
[8]Kirisits M.J.,Snoeyink V.L.,Kruithof J.C.The reduction of bromate by granular activated carbon.Water Research,2000,34(17):4250-4260
[9]Xu Chunhua,Shi Junjun,Zhou Weizhi,et al.Bromate removal from aqueous solutions by nano crystalline akaganeite(β-FeO OH)-coated quartz sand(CACQS).Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,187(1):63-68
[10]Matos C.T.,Velizarov S.,Reis M.A.M.,et al.Removal of bromate from drinking water using the ion exchange membrane bioreactor concept.Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(20):7702-7708
[11]Kishimoto N.,Matsuda N.Bromate ion removal by electrochemical reduction using an activated carbon felt electrode.Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(6):2054-2059
[12]Bhatnagar A.,Choi Y.,Yoon Y.,et al.Bromate removal from water by granular ferric hydroxide(GFH).Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,170(1):134-140
[13]Chen Huan,Xu Zhaoyi,Wan Haiqin,et al.Aqueous bromate reduction By catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/Al2O3catalysts.Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2010,96(3-4):307-313
[14]Peldszus S.,Andrews S.A.,Souza R.,et al.Effect of medium-pressure UV irradiation on bromate concentrations in drinking water,a pilot-scale study.Water Research,2004,38(1):211-217
[15]Liu Juan,Yu Jianwei,Li Dong,et al.Reduction of bromate in a biological activated carbon filter under high bulk dissolved oxygen conditions and characterization of bromate-reducing isolates.Biochemical Engineering Journal,2012,65:44-50
[16]张环,金朝晖,李铁龙.乙醇/水体系负载型纳米Cu/Fe二元合金的合成、改性及其还原三氯乙烯的性能.高等学校化学学报,2007,28(12):2234-2238Zhang Huan,Jin Zhaohui,Li Tielong.Preparation and modification of supported Nano Cu/Fe bimetal alloy in ethanol-water solution and its reduction-chlorination property for trichloroethylene.Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities,2007,28(12):2234-2238(in Chinese)
[17]成岳,焦创,樊文井,等.包覆型纳米零价铁的制备及其去除水中的活性艳蓝.环境工程学报,2013,7(1):53-57Cheng Yue,Jiao Chuang,Fan Wenjing,et al.Preparation of coated nanoscale zero-valent iron and its application in removing KN-R from wastewater.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(1):53-57(in Chinese)
[18]Wang Qiliang,Snyder S.,Kim J.,et al.Aqueous ethanol modified nanoscale zerovalent iron in bromate reduction:Synthesis,characterization,and reactivity.Environ-mental Science&Technology,2009,43(9):3292-3299
[19]Westerhoff P.Reduction of nitrate,bromate and chlorate by zero valent iron(Fe0).Journal of Environmental Engineering,2003,129(1):10-16
[20]Xie Li,Shang C.The effects of operational parameters and common anions on the reactivity of zero-valent iron in bromate reduction.Chemosphere,2007,66(9):1652-1659
[21]Hautman D.P.,Munch D.J.,Frebis C.,et al.Review of the methods of the US Environmental Protection Agency for bromate determination and validation of method 317.0for disinfection by-product anions and low-level bromate.Journal of Chromatography A,2001,920(1-2):221-229
[22]Yamashita T.,Hayes P.Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+and Fe3+ions in oxide materials.Applied Surface Science,2008,254(8):2441-2449
[23]Farrell J.,Kason M.,Melitas N.,et al.Investigation of the long-term performance of zero-valent iron for reductive dechlorination of trichloroethylene.Environmental Science&Technology,2000,34(3):514-521
[24]Su Chunming,Puls R.W.Nitrate reduction by zerovalent iron:Effects of formate,oxalate,citrate,chloride,sulfate,borate,and phosphate.Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(9):2715-2720
[25]刘润生.纳米零价铁对臭氧氧化副产物溴酸盐的去除研究.杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2010Liu Ruisheng.Removal of bromate by-products in ozonation technology by nanoscale zerovalent iron.Hangzhou:Master Dissertation of University of Zhejiang,2010(in Chinese)
[26]Lipczynska-Kochany E.,Harms S.,Milburn R.,et al.Degradation of carbon tetrachloride in the presence of iron and sulphur containing compounds.Chemosphere,1994,29(7):1477-1489
[27]Reardon E.J.Anaerobic corrosion of granular iron:Measurement and interpretation of hydrogen evolution rates.Environmental Science&Technology,1995,29(12):2936-2945
[28]Wieckowski A.,Ghali E.,Szklarczyk M.,et al.The be-haviour of iron electrode in CO2-saturated neutral electrolyte-I.Electrochemical study.Electrochimica Acta,1983,28(11):1619-1626
[29]Wieckowski A.,Ghali E.,Szklarczyk M.,et al.The behaviour of iron electrode in CO2-saturated neutral electrolyte-II.Radiotracer study and corrosion considerations.Electrochimica Acta,1983,28(11):1627-1633
[30]Bruno J.,Wersin P.,Stumm W.On the influence of carbonate in mineral dissolution:II.The solubility of FeC O3(s)at 25℃and 1 atm total pressure.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1992,56(3):1149-1155
[31]Yin Weizhao,Wu Jinhua,Li Ping,et al.Experimental study of zero-valent iron induced nitrobenzene reduction in groundwater:The effects of pH,iron dosage,oxygen and common dissolved anions.Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,184:198-204
[32]Tang Cilai,Zhang Zengqiang,Sun Xining.Effect of common ions on nitrate removal by zero-valent iron from alkaline soil.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,231-232:114-119
[33]Devlin J.F.,Allin K.O.Major anion effects on the kinetics and reactivity of granular iron in glass-encased magnet batch reactor experiments.Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(6):1868-1874
[34]Fukuda T.,Mizuno T.The evaluation of pitting corrosion from the spectrum slope of noise fluctuation on iron and304 stainless steel electrodes.Corrosion Science,1996,38(7):1085-1091
[35]Mak M.S.H.,Lo I.M.C.Influences of redox transformation,metal complexation and aggregation of fulvic acid and humic acid on Cr(VI)and As(V)removal by zerovalent iron.Chemosphere,2011,84(2):234-240
[36]Noubactep C.Metallic iron for environmental remediation:learning from the Becher process.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,168(2-3):1609-1612
[37]Zhang Zhen,Cissoko N.,Wo Jingjing,et al.Factors influencing the dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by NiFe nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,165(1-3):78-86
[2]Kurokawa Y.,Maekawa A.,Takahashi M.,et al.Toxicity and carcinogenicity of potassium bromate-a new renal carcinogen.Environmental Health Perspectives,1990,87:309-335
[3]Weinberg H.S.,Delcomyn C.A.,Unnam V.Bromate in chlorinated drinking waters:Occurrence and implications for future regulation.Environmental Science&Technology,2003,37(14):3104-3110
[4]Buffle M.O.,Galli S.,Gunten U.V.Enhanced bromate control during ozonation:The chlorine-ammonia process.Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(19):5187-5195
[5]Wert E.C.,Neemann J.J.,Johnson D.,et al.Pilotscale and full-scale evaluation of the chlorine-ammonia process for bromate control during ozonation.Ozone:Science&Engineering,2007,29(5):363-372
[6]Kim H.S.,Yamada H.,Tsuno H.The removal of estrogenic activity and control of brominated by-products during ozonation of secondary effluents.Water Research,2007,41(7):1441-1446
[7]Konsowa A.H.Bromate removal from water using granular activated carbon in a batch recycle.Desalination and Water Treatment,2009,12(1-3):375-381
[8]Kirisits M.J.,Snoeyink V.L.,Kruithof J.C.The reduction of bromate by granular activated carbon.Water Research,2000,34(17):4250-4260
[9]Xu Chunhua,Shi Junjun,Zhou Weizhi,et al.Bromate removal from aqueous solutions by nano crystalline akaganeite(β-FeO OH)-coated quartz sand(CACQS).Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,187(1):63-68
[10]Matos C.T.,Velizarov S.,Reis M.A.M.,et al.Removal of bromate from drinking water using the ion exchange membrane bioreactor concept.Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42(20):7702-7708
[11]Kishimoto N.,Matsuda N.Bromate ion removal by electrochemical reduction using an activated carbon felt electrode.Environmental Science&Technology,2009,43(6):2054-2059
[12]Bhatnagar A.,Choi Y.,Yoon Y.,et al.Bromate removal from water by granular ferric hydroxide(GFH).Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,170(1):134-140
[13]Chen Huan,Xu Zhaoyi,Wan Haiqin,et al.Aqueous bromate reduction By catalytic hydrogenation over Pd/Al2O3catalysts.Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2010,96(3-4):307-313
[14]Peldszus S.,Andrews S.A.,Souza R.,et al.Effect of medium-pressure UV irradiation on bromate concentrations in drinking water,a pilot-scale study.Water Research,2004,38(1):211-217
[15]Liu Juan,Yu Jianwei,Li Dong,et al.Reduction of bromate in a biological activated carbon filter under high bulk dissolved oxygen conditions and characterization of bromate-reducing isolates.Biochemical Engineering Journal,2012,65:44-50
[16]张环,金朝晖,李铁龙.乙醇/水体系负载型纳米Cu/Fe二元合金的合成、改性及其还原三氯乙烯的性能.高等学校化学学报,2007,28(12):2234-2238Zhang Huan,Jin Zhaohui,Li Tielong.Preparation and modification of supported Nano Cu/Fe bimetal alloy in ethanol-water solution and its reduction-chlorination property for trichloroethylene.Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities,2007,28(12):2234-2238(in Chinese)
[17]成岳,焦创,樊文井,等.包覆型纳米零价铁的制备及其去除水中的活性艳蓝.环境工程学报,2013,7(1):53-57Cheng Yue,Jiao Chuang,Fan Wenjing,et al.Preparation of coated nanoscale zero-valent iron and its application in removing KN-R from wastewater.Chinese Journal of Environmental Engineering,2013,7(1):53-57(in Chinese)
[18]Wang Qiliang,Snyder S.,Kim J.,et al.Aqueous ethanol modified nanoscale zerovalent iron in bromate reduction:Synthesis,characterization,and reactivity.Environ-mental Science&Technology,2009,43(9):3292-3299
[19]Westerhoff P.Reduction of nitrate,bromate and chlorate by zero valent iron(Fe0).Journal of Environmental Engineering,2003,129(1):10-16
[20]Xie Li,Shang C.The effects of operational parameters and common anions on the reactivity of zero-valent iron in bromate reduction.Chemosphere,2007,66(9):1652-1659
[21]Hautman D.P.,Munch D.J.,Frebis C.,et al.Review of the methods of the US Environmental Protection Agency for bromate determination and validation of method 317.0for disinfection by-product anions and low-level bromate.Journal of Chromatography A,2001,920(1-2):221-229
[22]Yamashita T.,Hayes P.Analysis of XPS spectra of Fe2+and Fe3+ions in oxide materials.Applied Surface Science,2008,254(8):2441-2449
[23]Farrell J.,Kason M.,Melitas N.,et al.Investigation of the long-term performance of zero-valent iron for reductive dechlorination of trichloroethylene.Environmental Science&Technology,2000,34(3):514-521
[24]Su Chunming,Puls R.W.Nitrate reduction by zerovalent iron:Effects of formate,oxalate,citrate,chloride,sulfate,borate,and phosphate.Environmental Science&Technology,2004,38(9):2715-2720
[25]刘润生.纳米零价铁对臭氧氧化副产物溴酸盐的去除研究.杭州:浙江大学硕士学位论文,2010Liu Ruisheng.Removal of bromate by-products in ozonation technology by nanoscale zerovalent iron.Hangzhou:Master Dissertation of University of Zhejiang,2010(in Chinese)
[26]Lipczynska-Kochany E.,Harms S.,Milburn R.,et al.Degradation of carbon tetrachloride in the presence of iron and sulphur containing compounds.Chemosphere,1994,29(7):1477-1489
[27]Reardon E.J.Anaerobic corrosion of granular iron:Measurement and interpretation of hydrogen evolution rates.Environmental Science&Technology,1995,29(12):2936-2945
[28]Wieckowski A.,Ghali E.,Szklarczyk M.,et al.The be-haviour of iron electrode in CO2-saturated neutral electrolyte-I.Electrochemical study.Electrochimica Acta,1983,28(11):1619-1626
[29]Wieckowski A.,Ghali E.,Szklarczyk M.,et al.The behaviour of iron electrode in CO2-saturated neutral electrolyte-II.Radiotracer study and corrosion considerations.Electrochimica Acta,1983,28(11):1627-1633
[30]Bruno J.,Wersin P.,Stumm W.On the influence of carbonate in mineral dissolution:II.The solubility of FeC O3(s)at 25℃and 1 atm total pressure.Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1992,56(3):1149-1155
[31]Yin Weizhao,Wu Jinhua,Li Ping,et al.Experimental study of zero-valent iron induced nitrobenzene reduction in groundwater:The effects of pH,iron dosage,oxygen and common dissolved anions.Chemical Engineering Journal,2012,184:198-204
[32]Tang Cilai,Zhang Zengqiang,Sun Xining.Effect of common ions on nitrate removal by zero-valent iron from alkaline soil.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2012,231-232:114-119
[33]Devlin J.F.,Allin K.O.Major anion effects on the kinetics and reactivity of granular iron in glass-encased magnet batch reactor experiments.Environmental Science&Technology,2005,39(6):1868-1874
[34]Fukuda T.,Mizuno T.The evaluation of pitting corrosion from the spectrum slope of noise fluctuation on iron and304 stainless steel electrodes.Corrosion Science,1996,38(7):1085-1091
[35]Mak M.S.H.,Lo I.M.C.Influences of redox transformation,metal complexation and aggregation of fulvic acid and humic acid on Cr(VI)and As(V)removal by zerovalent iron.Chemosphere,2011,84(2):234-240
[36]Noubactep C.Metallic iron for environmental remediation:learning from the Becher process.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,168(2-3):1609-1612
[37]Zhang Zhen,Cissoko N.,Wo Jingjing,et al.Factors influencing the dechlorination of 2,4-dichlorophenol by NiFe nanoparticles in the presence of humic acid.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,165(1-3):78-86