长白山苔原带土壤碳、氮矿化对氮沉降的响应
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摘要
高山苔原生态系统的土壤无机氮含量较低,对氮的缓冲性弱而易受外源氮输入的影响.本研究以长白山北坡苔原带土壤为研究对象,通过室内培养试验,以NH_4NO_3为外加氮源,设置3个施氮水平:对照(CK,0 kg·hm~(-2)),低氮(N_1,25 kg·hm~(-2)),高氮(N_2,50 kg·hm~(-2)),分析长白山苔原带土壤碳、氮矿化对氮沉降的响应.结果表明:氮添加处理对长白山苔原带土壤碳矿化速率影响不显著,但对土壤碳矿化累积矿化量影响显著,N_2抑制了土壤的碳矿化作用.培养40 d后,氮添加处理提高了土壤无机氮含量;而培养80 d后,N_2与N_1的无机氮含量差异不显著,但都明显高于CK,氮输入促进了土壤氮的矿化.培养过程中,N_1处理下的微生物生物量碳、氮高于N_2和CK处理,说明低氮输入对土壤微生物活性的促进作用更明显.在未来氮沉降增加的背景下,长白山苔原土壤碳、氮周转可能加快,提高土壤无机氮含量.土壤中无机氮含量增加,虽然可以为植物生长提供更多生长所需的氮素,但也提高了土壤氮素的流失风险.
The alpine tundra ecosystem, with low soil inorganic nitrogen(N) availability, has a weak buffer against nitrogen and is susceptible to exogenous N enrichment. Here, with a laboratory incubation experiment, we investigated the response of soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization to N deposition with soil samples from the tundra zone on the northern slope of the Changbai Mountain. We set three N levels, control(CK, 0 kg·hm~(-2)), low N(N_1, 25 kg·hm~(-2)), and high N(N_2, 50 kg·hm~(-2)), with N being added as NH_4NO_3. The results showed that N addition had no significant effect on soil C mineralization rate, but significantly affected the accumulation of soil C minera-lization. The N_2 treatment inhibited soil C mineralization. After the 40 d incubation, soil inorganic N content increased with increasing N addition. After the 80 d incubation, soil inorganic N content in the N_2 and N_1 was similar and significantly higher than that of CK. Those results indicated that N addition promoted soil N mineralization. The soil microbial biomass C and N in the N_1 was higher than that in the N_2 and CK, indicating that low N input had stronger effects on soil microbial activity. Increasing N deposition might accelerate C and N turnover in the tundra soils and enhance the soil inorganic N content. While it could provide more N for plants, it may increase the risk of N loss.
The alpine tundra ecosystem, with low soil inorganic nitrogen(N) availability, has a weak buffer against nitrogen and is susceptible to exogenous N enrichment. Here, with a laboratory incubation experiment, we investigated the response of soil carbon and nitrogen mineralization to N deposition with soil samples from the tundra zone on the northern slope of the Changbai Mountain. We set three N levels, control(CK, 0 kg·hm~(-2)), low N(N_1, 25 kg·hm~(-2)), and high N(N_2, 50 kg·hm~(-2)), with N being added as NH_4NO_3. The results showed that N addition had no significant effect on soil C mineralization rate, but significantly affected the accumulation of soil C minera-lization. The N_2 treatment inhibited soil C mineralization. After the 40 d incubation, soil inorganic N content increased with increasing N addition. After the 80 d incubation, soil inorganic N content in the N_2 and N_1 was similar and significantly higher than that of CK. Those results indicated that N addition promoted soil N mineralization. The soil microbial biomass C and N in the N_1 was higher than that in the N_2 and CK, indicating that low N input had stronger effects on soil microbial activity. Increasing N deposition might accelerate C and N turnover in the tundra soils and enhance the soil inorganic N content. While it could provide more N for plants, it may increase the risk of N loss.
引文
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[24] Demoling F,Nilsson LO,Baath E.Bacterial and fungal response to nitrogen fertilization in three coniferous forest soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40:370-379
[25] Cao Y-S (曹裕松),Li Z-A (李志安),Fu S-L (傅声雷),et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on carbon release from three plantation soils in Heshan.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis (江西农业大学学报),2006,28(1):101-105 (in Chinese)
[26] Stapliton LM,Crout NMJ,Swatrm C,et al.Microbial carbon dynamics in nitrogen amended Arctic tundra soil:Measurement and model testing.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37:2088-2098
[27] Zhang W (张炜),Mo J-M (莫江明),Fang Y-T (方运霆),et al.Effects of nitrogen deposition on the greenhouse gas fluxes from forest soils.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2008,28(5):2309-2319 (in Chinese)
[28] Wang J-L (王建林),Zhong Z-M (钟志明),Wang Z-H (王忠红),et al.Soil C/N distribution characteristics of alpine steppe ecosystem in Qinhai-Tibetan Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2014,34(22):6678-6691 (in Chinese)
[29] Xu T-T (徐婷婷),Zheng J-Q (郑俊强),Han S-J (韩士杰),et al.Responses of soil nitrogen transformation to long-term nitrogen fertilization and precipitation changes in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(9):2797-2807 (in Chinese)
[30] Lin G-G (林贵刚),Zhao Q (赵琼),Zhao L (赵蕾),et al.Effects of understory removal and nitrogen addition on the soil chemical and biological properties of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation in Keerqin Sandy Land.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2012,23(5):1188-1194 (in Chinese)
[31] Wang B (王斌),Chen Y-M (陈亚明),Zhou Z-Y (周志宇).Study of soil nitrogen mineralization at different altitudes on western slopes of Helan Mountains,China.Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠),2007,27(3):483-490 (in Chinese)
[32] Fang Y-T (方运霆),Mo J-M (莫江明),Gundersen PER,et al.Nitrogen transformations in forest soils and its response to atmospheric nitrogen deposition:A review.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2004,24(5):1523-1531(in Chinese)
[33] Li D-J (李德军),Mo J-M (莫江明),Fang Y-T (方运霆),et al.Impact of nitrogen deposition on forest plants.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2003,23(9):1891-1900 (in Chinese)
[34] Luo W (罗维),Xing Y-J (邢亚娟),Wang Q-G (王庆贵).Effect of nitrogen deposition on soil nitrogen budget in boreal forests:Research progress.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报),2018,34(12):98-107 (in Chinese)
[35] Chen L-X (陈立新),Duan W-B (段文标).Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil available nitrogen forms and their contents in typical temperate forest stands.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2011,22(8):2005-2012 (in Chinese)
[2] Liu XJ,Zhang Y,Han WX,et al.Enhanced nitrogen deposition over China.Nature,2013,494:459-463
[3] Lu XH,Jiang H,Zhang XY.Estimated global nitrogen deposition using NO2 column density.International Journal of Remote Sensing,2013,34:8893-8906
[4] Matson P,Lohse KA,Hall SJ.The globalization of nitrogen deposition:Consequences for terrestrial ecosystems.Ambio,2002,31:113-119
[5] Hoegberg P,Fan H,Quist M,et al.Tree growth and soil acidification in response to 30 years of experimental nitrogen loading on borealorest.Global Change Biology,2006,12:489-499
[6] Bowman WD,Garner JR,Holland K,et al.Nitrogen criticalloads for alpine vegetation and terrestrial ecosystem response:Are we there yet?Ecological Applications,2006,16:1183-1193
[7] Johnson DR,Ebert-May D,Webber PJ.Forecasting alpine vegetation change using repeat sampling and a novel modeling approach.Ambio,2011,40:693-704
[8] Iggy-Litaora M,Suding K,Anderson SP,et al.Alpine catena response to nitrogen deposition and its effect on the aquatic system.Catena,2018,170:108-118
[9] Jin Y-H (靳英华),Xu J-W (许嘉巍),Zong S-W (宗盛伟),et al.Experimental study on the effects of nitrogen deposition on the tundra vegetation of the Changbai Mountains.Scientia Geographica Sinica (地理科学),2014,34(12):1526-1532 (in Chinese)
[10] Zhu J,He N,Wang Q,et al.The composition,spatial patterns,and influencing factors of atmospheric wet nitrogen deposition in Chinese terrestrial ecosystems.Science of the Total Environment,2015,511:777-785
[11] Aber JD,McDowell W,Nadelhoffer KJ,et al.Nitrogen saturation in Northern forest ecosystems,hypotheses revisited.Bioscience,1998,48:921-934
[12] Weintraub MN,Schimel JP.Interactions between carbon and nitrogen mineralization and soil organic matter chemistry in arctic tundra soils.Ecosystems,2003,6:129-143
[13] Abera G,Wolde-Meskel E,Bakken LR.Carbon and nitrogen mineralization dynamics in different soils of the tropics amended with legume residues and contrasting soil moisture contents.Biology and Fertility of Soils,2012,48:51-66
[14] Jin Y-H (靳英华),Xu J-W (许嘉巍),Liu L-N (刘丽娜),et al.Spatial distribution pattern and associations of dominant plant species in the alpine tundra of the Changbai Mountains.Scientia Geographica Sinica (地理科学),2016,36(8):1212-1218 (in Chinese)
[15] Chen J-N (陈佳楠).Cause Analysis of Transitional Invade in Alpine Changbai Mountains.Master Thesis.Changchun:Northeast Normal University,2011 (in Chinese)
[16] Ochoa-Hueso R,Maestre FT,Ríos ADL,et al.Nitrogen deposition alters nitrogen cycling and reduces soil carbon content in low-productivity semiarid Mediterranean ecosystems.Environmental Pollution,2013,179:185-193
[17] Liu J (刘静),Sun T (孙涛),Cheng Y-Y (程云云),et al.Effect of nitrogen deposition and soil nematode on soil organic carbon mineralization in a Larix gmelinii plantation.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2017,36(8):2085-2093 (in Chinese)
[18] Maris SC,Teiraesmatges MR,Arbonés A,et al.Effect of irrigation,nitrogen application,and a nitrification inhibitor on nitrous oxide,carbon dioxide and methane emissions from an olive (Olea europaea L.) orchard.Science of the Total Environment,2015,538:966-978
[19] Zhao Z,Dong S,Jiang X,et al.Effects of warming and nitrogen deposition on CH4,CO2,and N2O emissions in alpine grassland ecosystems of the Qinghai-Tibetan Pla-teau.Science of the Total Environment,2017,592:565
[20] Yang H (杨浩),Hu Z-M (胡中民),Guo Q (郭群),et al.Influences of precipitation increase and N addition on soil potential N mineralization in Inner Mongolia grassland.Journal of Natural Resources (自然资源学报),2017,32(12):2034-2042 (in Chinese)
[21] Zhao X-R (赵欣然),Zhao Q (赵琼),Wang W-W (王巍巍),et al.Effect of nitrogen addition and litter manipulation on soil physicochemical properties of a Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation.Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志),2016,35(10):2699-2706 (in Chinese)
[22] Shi X-J (史学军),Pan J-J (潘剑君),Chen J-Y (陈锦盈),et al.Effects of different types of litters on soil organic carbon mineralization.Environmental Science (环境科学),2009,30(6):1832-1837 (in Chinese)
[23] Shen F-F (沈芳芳),Yuan Y-H (袁颖红),Fan H-B (樊后保),et al.Litterfall ecological stoichiometry and soil available nutrients under long-term nitrogen deposition in a Chinese fir plantation.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2012,32(2):517-527 (in Chinese)
[24] Demoling F,Nilsson LO,Baath E.Bacterial and fungal response to nitrogen fertilization in three coniferous forest soils.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2008,40:370-379
[25] Cao Y-S (曹裕松),Li Z-A (李志安),Fu S-L (傅声雷),et al.Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on carbon release from three plantation soils in Heshan.Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis (江西农业大学学报),2006,28(1):101-105 (in Chinese)
[26] Stapliton LM,Crout NMJ,Swatrm C,et al.Microbial carbon dynamics in nitrogen amended Arctic tundra soil:Measurement and model testing.Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2005,37:2088-2098
[27] Zhang W (张炜),Mo J-M (莫江明),Fang Y-T (方运霆),et al.Effects of nitrogen deposition on the greenhouse gas fluxes from forest soils.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2008,28(5):2309-2319 (in Chinese)
[28] Wang J-L (王建林),Zhong Z-M (钟志明),Wang Z-H (王忠红),et al.Soil C/N distribution characteristics of alpine steppe ecosystem in Qinhai-Tibetan Plateau.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2014,34(22):6678-6691 (in Chinese)
[29] Xu T-T (徐婷婷),Zheng J-Q (郑俊强),Han S-J (韩士杰),et al.Responses of soil nitrogen transformation to long-term nitrogen fertilization and precipitation changes in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountains,China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2018,29(9):2797-2807 (in Chinese)
[30] Lin G-G (林贵刚),Zhao Q (赵琼),Zhao L (赵蕾),et al.Effects of understory removal and nitrogen addition on the soil chemical and biological properties of Pinus sylvestris var.mongolica plantation in Keerqin Sandy Land.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2012,23(5):1188-1194 (in Chinese)
[31] Wang B (王斌),Chen Y-M (陈亚明),Zhou Z-Y (周志宇).Study of soil nitrogen mineralization at different altitudes on western slopes of Helan Mountains,China.Journal of Desert Research (中国沙漠),2007,27(3):483-490 (in Chinese)
[32] Fang Y-T (方运霆),Mo J-M (莫江明),Gundersen PER,et al.Nitrogen transformations in forest soils and its response to atmospheric nitrogen deposition:A review.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2004,24(5):1523-1531(in Chinese)
[33] Li D-J (李德军),Mo J-M (莫江明),Fang Y-T (方运霆),et al.Impact of nitrogen deposition on forest plants.Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报),2003,23(9):1891-1900 (in Chinese)
[34] Luo W (罗维),Xing Y-J (邢亚娟),Wang Q-G (王庆贵).Effect of nitrogen deposition on soil nitrogen budget in boreal forests:Research progress.Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin (中国农学通报),2018,34(12):98-107 (in Chinese)
[35] Chen L-X (陈立新),Duan W-B (段文标).Effects of simulated nitrogen deposition on soil available nitrogen forms and their contents in typical temperate forest stands.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报),2011,22(8):2005-2012 (in Chinese)