公路长大下坡路段货车制动毂温升模型研究综述
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摘要
为明确重载大货车制动毂温升模型的适用性及应用现状,对国内外货车制动毂温升模型研究进行了梳理。概述大货车制动毂温升机理,依据建模方法将现有制动毂温升模型分为理论分析模型、软件仿真模型和实测回归模型,重点论述3种模型的研究进展,分别从建模方法、建模主导车型和辅助制动措施等3个方面对模型研究现状进行分析评述。选取京昆(北京—昆明)高速公路雅安至西昌段3处长大纵坡作为试验路段,进行载重货车下坡试验,获取货车相关实测数据,绘制典型模型温升曲线和实测温升曲线,采用SPSS软件对其相关性及误差进行对比,分析各模型适用性。研究结果表明:理论分析模型能更好反映实际行车条件下货车制动毂的温升态势,同时目前温升模型仍具有较大的研究与改善空间;今后应以半挂铰接货车为主导车型,进一步考虑平曲线、平纵组合、驾驶人制动行为特性及气候环境对制动毂温升的影响,并结合多种辅助制动方式深入研究其下坡制动特性和温升机理,进而构建人-车-路-环境耦合作用下的温升模型。未来可将温升模型深入应用于长大纵坡组合设计控制与优化、下坡通行管理和下坡安全风险评级等方面,以缓解中国高速公路长大下坡车路协同矛盾,全面提升长大下坡路段的交通安全水平。
To clarify the applicability and application status of a brake drum temperature rise model for heavy vehicles and to provide the basis for the safety of vehicle on long and steep downgrades of highway,related literatures had been summarized. The temperature rise mechanism of the brake drum of large vehicles were reviewed. According to the modeling method, the brake drum temperature rise models were divided into the theoretical analysis models, software simulation models, and measured regression models, and the research status of the model was analyzed. The characteristics of each modeling method, the dominant modeling model and the auxiliary braking measures were commented respectively. Three long longitudinal slopes of mountainous highway in Ya'an to Xichang section of Jingkun Highway(Beijing to Kunming) were selected as test sections, and the measured data were obtained of a downhill truck test. The temperature rise curves of typical mode and measured data were plotted, and the correlation and error were compared by SPSS, thus the applicability of each model was analyzed. The results show that the theoretical analysis model can better reflect the temperature rise in heavy vehicle under actual driving conditions, and the brake drum temperature rise model still can be further studied and developed. In the future, we should take the semi-hanging truck as the leading vehicle, with consider the influence of road curve, horizontal and longitudinal alignment combination, characteristics of driver braking behavior and climate environment on the temperature rise of brake drum. The braking characteristics of driver on downhill and temperature rise mechanism in combination with various auxiliary braking methods should also be studied, and then building the brake drum temperature rise model under the coupling effect of human-vehicle-road-environment. Finally, the brake drum temperature rise model can be deeply applied to the control and optimization of longitudinal slope design, the traffic management and the safety risk rating on downhill. These can alleviate the coordination contradiction between the road and vehicle in China, and improve the traffic safety levels. 4 tabs, 3 figs, 56 refs.
To clarify the applicability and application status of a brake drum temperature rise model for heavy vehicles and to provide the basis for the safety of vehicle on long and steep downgrades of highway,related literatures had been summarized. The temperature rise mechanism of the brake drum of large vehicles were reviewed. According to the modeling method, the brake drum temperature rise models were divided into the theoretical analysis models, software simulation models, and measured regression models, and the research status of the model was analyzed. The characteristics of each modeling method, the dominant modeling model and the auxiliary braking measures were commented respectively. Three long longitudinal slopes of mountainous highway in Ya'an to Xichang section of Jingkun Highway(Beijing to Kunming) were selected as test sections, and the measured data were obtained of a downhill truck test. The temperature rise curves of typical mode and measured data were plotted, and the correlation and error were compared by SPSS, thus the applicability of each model was analyzed. The results show that the theoretical analysis model can better reflect the temperature rise in heavy vehicle under actual driving conditions, and the brake drum temperature rise model still can be further studied and developed. In the future, we should take the semi-hanging truck as the leading vehicle, with consider the influence of road curve, horizontal and longitudinal alignment combination, characteristics of driver braking behavior and climate environment on the temperature rise of brake drum. The braking characteristics of driver on downhill and temperature rise mechanism in combination with various auxiliary braking methods should also be studied, and then building the brake drum temperature rise model under the coupling effect of human-vehicle-road-environment. Finally, the brake drum temperature rise model can be deeply applied to the control and optimization of longitudinal slope design, the traffic management and the safety risk rating on downhill. These can alleviate the coordination contradiction between the road and vehicle in China, and improve the traffic safety levels. 4 tabs, 3 figs, 56 refs.
引文
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[2] 陈斌,袁伟,付锐,等.连续长大下坡路段交通事故特征分析[J].交通运输工程学报,2009,9(4):75-78,84.CHEN Bin,YUAN Wei,FU Rui,et al.Analysis of traffic accident characteristic on continuous long downgrade section[J].Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering,2009,9(4):75-78,84.
[3] YEVTUSHENKO A A,KUCIEJ M,YEVTUSHENKO O.Modelling of the frictional heating in brake system with thermal resistance on a contact surface and convective cooling on a free surface of a pad[J].International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer,2015,81:915-923.
[4] BLOK H.The flash temperature concept[J].Wear,1963,6(6):483-494.
[5] MAJCHERCZAK D,DUFRENOY P,BERTHIER Y.Tribological,thermal and mechanical coupling aspects of the dry sliding contact[J].Tribology International,2007,40(5):834-843.
[6] GAO C H,LIN X Z.Transient temperature field analysis of a brake in a non-axisymmetric three-dimensional model[J].Journal of Materials Processing Technology,2002,129(1/2/3):513-517.
[7] LEE K.Numerical prediction of brake fluid temperature rise during braking and heat soaking[J].SAE Transactions,1999,108(6):897-902.
[8] BOWMAN B L.Grade severity rating system (GSRS)—Users manual[R].Washington DC:Federal Highway Administration (FHWA),1989.
[9] OLESIAK Z,PYRYEV Y,YEVTUSHENKO A.Determination of temperature and wear during braking[J].Wear,1997,210(1/2):120-126.
[10] EADY P,CHONG L.Advanced systems for managing heavy vehicle speed on steep descents[R].Sydney:Austroads,2015.
[11] 周荣贵,徐建伟,吴万阳,等.公路连续下坡路段的纵断面控制指标研究[J].公路,2004(6):46-51.ZHOU Rong-gui,XU Jian-wei,WU Wan-yang,et al.Study on vertical section control index of highway continuous downhill road[J].Highway,2004(6):46-51.
[12] 王静.鼓式制动器温升特性台架试验研究[D].西安:长安大学,2007.WANG Jing.Experimental study on temperature rise performance of drum brake[D].Xi'an:Chang'an University,2007.
[13] 吴谋亮.鼓式制动器在不同制动工况下的热力耦合分析[D].秦皇岛:燕山大学,2015.WU Mou-liang.The thermal-structure coupling analysis of drum brake on different braking conditions[D].Qinhuangdao:Yanshan University,2015.
[14] 吴振宇.从车辆制动系热性能分析公路长下坡设计合理性[D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2010.WU Zhen-yu.Analyzing the design rationality of long and steep downhill road from thermal of vehicle brake system[D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2010.
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