地震波场射线类正演模拟方法对比
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摘要
射线类正演方法以其高效,灵活的特点,在复杂地区的勘探中发挥着非常重要的作用.常规射线正演方法只考虑地震波的运动学特征,精度较低,且对复杂构造适应性较差;高斯射线束正演方法作为常规射线正演方法的一种改进,同时考虑地震波的运动学和动力学特征,且无需两点射线追踪,兼具计算效率和精度;菲涅尔束正演模拟进一步从波动理论角度对高斯射线束的有效半宽度进行了限制,改进了波场模拟的精度和稳定性.对三种射线类正演模拟方法进行理论解剖和分析,在高斯射线束正演方法的基础上,用第一菲涅尔带半径约束高斯束束宽实现了菲涅尔束正演算法.基于理论模型和实际模型,对三种射线类正演方法和波动方程有限差分法进行对比分析,结果表明高斯射线束正演方法具有较高的计算精度;菲涅尔束正演方法更加稳定,精度更高,更接近于波动方程有限差分方法.高斯射线束和菲涅尔束均具有较高的计算效率,适合于对波场模拟精度不高但对运算效率有较高要求的应用环境.
Seismic ray forward modeling methods play an important role in the exploration of complex areas with its high efficiency and flexibility. Conventional ray forward method only considers the kinematic characteristics of seismic wave and isn 't adaptive for complex structures for its low precision. As an improvement of conventional ray forward method,Gaussian beam forward method takes into account the kinematic and dynamic characteristics and without two points ray tracing,which is both efficient and accurate.Fresnel beam forward method further constraints the effective half width of Gaussian beam from the view of seismic wave theory,improved the accuracy and stability of wave field simulation. We dissect and analyze the theory of three seismic ray forward modeling methods and realize the Fresnel beam forward method by constrainting the half width of Gaussian beam with first fresnel radius on the basis of Gaussian beam forward method. Based on the theoretical model and real model,we compare and analyze three seismic ray forward modeling methods with wave equation finite difference method. The results show that the Gaussian beam forward method has higher calculation accuracy; Fresnel beam forward method is more stable,higher accuracy closer with wave equation finite difference method. Gaussian beam and Fresnel beam method have high computational efficiency and is suitable for the simulation accuracy of the wave field is not high but the computation efficiency is higher requirements of the application environment.
Seismic ray forward modeling methods play an important role in the exploration of complex areas with its high efficiency and flexibility. Conventional ray forward method only considers the kinematic characteristics of seismic wave and isn 't adaptive for complex structures for its low precision. As an improvement of conventional ray forward method,Gaussian beam forward method takes into account the kinematic and dynamic characteristics and without two points ray tracing,which is both efficient and accurate.Fresnel beam forward method further constraints the effective half width of Gaussian beam from the view of seismic wave theory,improved the accuracy and stability of wave field simulation. We dissect and analyze the theory of three seismic ray forward modeling methods and realize the Fresnel beam forward method by constrainting the half width of Gaussian beam with first fresnel radius on the basis of Gaussian beam forward method. Based on the theoretical model and real model,we compare and analyze three seismic ray forward modeling methods with wave equation finite difference method. The results show that the Gaussian beam forward method has higher calculation accuracy; Fresnel beam forward method is more stable,higher accuracy closer with wave equation finite difference method. Gaussian beam and Fresnel beam method have high computational efficiency and is suitable for the simulation accuracy of the wave field is not high but the computation efficiency is higher requirements of the application environment.
引文
erveny V.1985.Gaussian beam synthetic seismograms[J].J.Geophys.,58:44-72.
erveny V,Popov M M,P2eník I.1982.Computation of wave fields in inhomogeneous media-Gaussian beam approach[J].Geophysical Journal International,70(1):109-128.
erveny V,P2eník I.1983.Gaussian beams in two-dimensional elastic inhomogeneous media[J].Geophysical Journal International,72(2):417-433.
erveny V,P2en ík I.1984.Gaussian beams in elastic 2-D laterally varying layered structures[J].Geophysical Journal International,78(1):65-91.
erveny V,Soares J E P.1992.Fresnel volume ray tracing[J].Geophysics,57(7):902-915.
Cruz J C R,Lira G,Ferreira C A.2012.Seismic modeling by Gaussian beams limited by projected Fresnel zone[C].//74th EAGEConference and Exhibition incorporating EUROPEC 2012.Extended Abstracts,356.
Deng F,Liu C Y.2009.3-D rapid ray-tracing and Gaussian ray-beam forward simulation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(2):158-165.
Deng F,Liu C Y,Zhao B,et al.2009.Gaussian beams forward simulation and migration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(3):265-269,281.
George T,Virieux J,Madariaga R.1987.Seismic wave synthesis by Gaussian beam summation:A comparison with finite differences[J].Geophysics,52(8):1065-1073.
Hill N R.1990.Gaussian beam migration[J].Geophysics,55(11):1416-1428.
Hill N R.2001.Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration[J].Geophysics,66(4):1240-1250.
Huang J P,Yang J D,Li Z C,et al.2015.3D Gaussian beam forward modeling for rugged topography based on wave field approximation in effective vicinity[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),50(5):896-904.
Klime2 L.1984.Expansion of a high-frequency time-harmonic wavefield given on an initial surface into Gaussian beams[J].Geophysical Journal International,79(1):105-118.
Li H,Wang H Z,Feng B,et al.2014.Efficient pre-stack depth migration method using characteristic Gaussian packets[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(7):2258-2268,doi:10.6038/cjg20140720.
Li R Z,Yang C C,Chen H G.2006.The Gaussian beam method and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),21(3):739-745,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.03.009.
Müller G.1984.Efficient calculation of Gaussian-beam seismograms for two-dimensional inhomogeneous media[J].Geophysical Journal International,79(1):153-166.
Sun C Y,Zhang W Y,Ni C K,et al.2011.Seismic wave field modeling by energy controlled Gaussian beam method[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(6):856-861.
Weber M.1988.Computation of body-wave seismograms in absorbing 2-D media using the Gaussian beam method:Comparison with exact methods[J].Geophysical Journal International,92(1):9-24.
Yang J D,Huang J P,Wang X,et al.2015.Prestack Fresnel beam migration method under complex topographic conditions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),58(10):3758-3770,doi:10.6038/cjg20151026.
Yin X Y,Wang X,Yang J D.2016.A new forward modeling method with space-time Gaussian beam[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),51(1):106-114.
Zhu H B.2004.Ray forward modeling and design of receiver system parameters(in Chinese)[MSc thesis].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology.
邓飞,刘超颖.2009.三维射线快速追踪及高斯射线束正演[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(2):158-165.
邓飞,刘超颖,赵波,等.2009.高斯射线束正演与偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(3):265-269,281.
黄建平,杨继东,李振春,等.2015.有效邻域波场近似框架下三维起伏地表高斯束地震正演模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,50(5):896-904.
李辉,王华忠,冯波,等.2014.特征高斯波包叠前深度偏移方法[J].地球物理学报,57(7):2258-2268,doi:10.6038/cjg20140720.
李瑞忠,杨长春,陈辉国.2006.高斯束方法及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,21(3):739-745,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.03.009.
孙成禹,张文颖,倪长宽,等.2011.能量约束下的高斯射线束法地震波场正演[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(6):856-861.
杨继东,黄建平,王欣,等.2015.复杂地表条件下叠前菲涅尔束偏移方法[J].地球物理学报,58(10):3758-3770,doi:10.6038/cjg20151026.
印兴耀,王欣,杨继东.2016.基于子波重构的时-空域高斯束正演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,51(1):106-114.
朱海波.2004.射线正演研究与采集参数的设计[硕士论文].成都:成都理工大学.
erveny V,Popov M M,P2eník I.1982.Computation of wave fields in inhomogeneous media-Gaussian beam approach[J].Geophysical Journal International,70(1):109-128.
erveny V,P2eník I.1983.Gaussian beams in two-dimensional elastic inhomogeneous media[J].Geophysical Journal International,72(2):417-433.
erveny V,P2en ík I.1984.Gaussian beams in elastic 2-D laterally varying layered structures[J].Geophysical Journal International,78(1):65-91.
erveny V,Soares J E P.1992.Fresnel volume ray tracing[J].Geophysics,57(7):902-915.
Cruz J C R,Lira G,Ferreira C A.2012.Seismic modeling by Gaussian beams limited by projected Fresnel zone[C].//74th EAGEConference and Exhibition incorporating EUROPEC 2012.Extended Abstracts,356.
Deng F,Liu C Y.2009.3-D rapid ray-tracing and Gaussian ray-beam forward simulation[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(2):158-165.
Deng F,Liu C Y,Zhao B,et al.2009.Gaussian beams forward simulation and migration[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),44(3):265-269,281.
George T,Virieux J,Madariaga R.1987.Seismic wave synthesis by Gaussian beam summation:A comparison with finite differences[J].Geophysics,52(8):1065-1073.
Hill N R.1990.Gaussian beam migration[J].Geophysics,55(11):1416-1428.
Hill N R.2001.Prestack Gaussian-beam depth migration[J].Geophysics,66(4):1240-1250.
Huang J P,Yang J D,Li Z C,et al.2015.3D Gaussian beam forward modeling for rugged topography based on wave field approximation in effective vicinity[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),50(5):896-904.
Klime2 L.1984.Expansion of a high-frequency time-harmonic wavefield given on an initial surface into Gaussian beams[J].Geophysical Journal International,79(1):105-118.
Li H,Wang H Z,Feng B,et al.2014.Efficient pre-stack depth migration method using characteristic Gaussian packets[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),57(7):2258-2268,doi:10.6038/cjg20140720.
Li R Z,Yang C C,Chen H G.2006.The Gaussian beam method and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(in Chinese),21(3):739-745,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.03.009.
Müller G.1984.Efficient calculation of Gaussian-beam seismograms for two-dimensional inhomogeneous media[J].Geophysical Journal International,79(1):153-166.
Sun C Y,Zhang W Y,Ni C K,et al.2011.Seismic wave field modeling by energy controlled Gaussian beam method[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),46(6):856-861.
Weber M.1988.Computation of body-wave seismograms in absorbing 2-D media using the Gaussian beam method:Comparison with exact methods[J].Geophysical Journal International,92(1):9-24.
Yang J D,Huang J P,Wang X,et al.2015.Prestack Fresnel beam migration method under complex topographic conditions[J].Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),58(10):3758-3770,doi:10.6038/cjg20151026.
Yin X Y,Wang X,Yang J D.2016.A new forward modeling method with space-time Gaussian beam[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(in Chinese),51(1):106-114.
Zhu H B.2004.Ray forward modeling and design of receiver system parameters(in Chinese)[MSc thesis].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology.
邓飞,刘超颖.2009.三维射线快速追踪及高斯射线束正演[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(2):158-165.
邓飞,刘超颖,赵波,等.2009.高斯射线束正演与偏移[J].石油地球物理勘探,44(3):265-269,281.
黄建平,杨继东,李振春,等.2015.有效邻域波场近似框架下三维起伏地表高斯束地震正演模拟[J].石油地球物理勘探,50(5):896-904.
李辉,王华忠,冯波,等.2014.特征高斯波包叠前深度偏移方法[J].地球物理学报,57(7):2258-2268,doi:10.6038/cjg20140720.
李瑞忠,杨长春,陈辉国.2006.高斯束方法及其应用[J].地球物理学进展,21(3):739-745,doi:10.3969/j.issn.1004-2903.2006.03.009.
孙成禹,张文颖,倪长宽,等.2011.能量约束下的高斯射线束法地震波场正演[J].石油地球物理勘探,46(6):856-861.
杨继东,黄建平,王欣,等.2015.复杂地表条件下叠前菲涅尔束偏移方法[J].地球物理学报,58(10):3758-3770,doi:10.6038/cjg20151026.
印兴耀,王欣,杨继东.2016.基于子波重构的时-空域高斯束正演方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,51(1):106-114.
朱海波.2004.射线正演研究与采集参数的设计[硕士论文].成都:成都理工大学.