基于高斯束偏移的鬼波压制
|
摘要
对于海洋地震数据,鬼波严重干扰了一次波,导致分辨率下降,甚至会产生虚假同相轴。本文首先给出共炮点道集高斯束偏移算法;然后在偏移公式中加入炮点和接收点的鬼波补偿算子,并研究稳定求解的方法,以达到消除鬼波影响的目的;最后通过数值试验验证了方法的可行性和准确性。结果表明,鬼波压制后的一次波偏移剖面同相轴连续性增强,分辨率提高,有利于后续的解释和反演。
In marine seismic data,the ghost contaminates primary waves,reduces data resolution,and sometimes even produces false events.Ghost removal during migration for better geological interpretation is one of the challenges in marine seismic exploration at present.In this paper we propose a deghosting approach with Gauss beam migration.Firstly,the Gaussian beam migration algorithm of common shot gathers is put forward.Then compensation terms for source and receiver ghosts are added to the migration formula.At the same time,an appropriate algorithm is given to ensure the stability in order to compensate ghost effects.Finally,numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.After deghosting,the primary wave migration is achieved and data resolution is improved,which is favorable for subsequent interpretation and inversion.
In marine seismic data,the ghost contaminates primary waves,reduces data resolution,and sometimes even produces false events.Ghost removal during migration for better geological interpretation is one of the challenges in marine seismic exploration at present.In this paper we propose a deghosting approach with Gauss beam migration.Firstly,the Gaussian beam migration algorithm of common shot gathers is put forward.Then compensation terms for source and receiver ghosts are added to the migration formula.At the same time,an appropriate algorithm is given to ensure the stability in order to compensate ghost effects.Finally,numerical experiments demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the proposed approach.After deghosting,the primary wave migration is achieved and data resolution is improved,which is favorable for subsequent interpretation and inversion.
引文
[1]陈金海,王桂华,徐新南.海上地震虚反射探讨.海洋石油,2000,20(1):23-27.Chen Jinhai,Wang Guihua,Xu Xinnan.Assessment of ghosts in marine seismic data.Offshore Oil,2000,20(1):23-27.
[2]S?nneland L,Berg L E,Eidsvig P et al.2-D deghosting using vertical receiver arrays.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1986,5:516-519.
[3]Posthumus B J.Deghosting of twin streamer configuration.Geophysical Prospecting,1993,41(3):267-286.
[4]Hill D,Combed L,Bacon J.Over/under acquisition and data processing:the next quantum leap in seismic data technology?First Break,2006,24(6):81-95.
[5]Gratacos B.Over-under deghosting:1D,2Dor 3Dalgorithms in the F,FK or FXY domains.70th EAGEConference and Exhibition Extended Abstracts,2008,H011.
[6]?zdemir A K,Caprioli P,zbek A et al.Optimized deghosting of over/under towed-streamer data in the presence of noise.The Leading Edge,2008,27(2):190-199.
[7]刘春成,刘志斌,顾汉明.利用上/下缆合并算子确定海上上/下缆采集的最优沉放深度组合.石油物探,2013,52(6):623-629.Liu Chuncheng,Liu Zhibin,Gu Hanming.The determination of optimal sinking depths of over/under streamers in offshore survey by merge operator.GPP,2013,52(6):623-629.
[8]He J W,Lu W K,Li Z X et al.An adaptive over/under data combination method.Applied Geophysics,2013,10(4):469-476.
[9]赵仁永,张振波,轩义华.上下源、上下缆地震采集技术在珠江口的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):517-521.Zhao Renyong,Zhang Zhenbo,Xuan Yihua.Application of over/under streamer and over/under source seismic acquisition in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.OGP,2011,46(4):517-521.
[10]Soubaras R.Deghosting by joint deconvolution of a migration and a mirror migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2010,29:3406-3410.
[11]Wang P,Peng C.Premigration deghosting for marine towed streamer data using a bootstrap approach.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012,31:1-5.
[12]顾汉明,王冲,许自强等.反演迭代算法在海上斜缆采集资料宽频处理中的应用.第十七届中国科协年会南海深水油气勘探开发技术"研讨会论文集,2015.
[13]许自强,方中于,顾汉明等.海上变深度缆数据最优化压制鬼波方法及其应用.石油物探,2015,54(4):404-413.Xu Ziqiang,Fang Zhongyu,Gu Hanming et al.The application of optimal deghosting algorithm on marine variable-depth streamer data.GPP,2015,54(4):404-413.
[14]Zhang Y,Roberts G,Khalil A.Compensating for source and receiver ghost effects in reverse time migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012,31:4609-4613.
[15]Sablon R,Russier D,Zurita O et al.Multiple attenuation for variable-depth streamer data:from deep to shallow water.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2011,30:3505-3509.
[16]Soubaras R.Pre-stack deghosting for variable-depth streamer data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012,31:780-789.
[17]Roberts G,Zhang Y,Poole G.Source and receiver ghost compensation within a beam migration.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2013,32:3667-3671.
[18]Wu J,Chen X H,Bai M et al.Attenuation compensation in multicomponent Gaussian beam prestack depth migration.Applied Geophysics,2015,12(2):157-168.
[19]Bai M,Chen X H,Wu J et al.Q-compensated migration by Gaussian beam summation method.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2016,13(1):35-48.
[20]白敏,陈小宏,吴娟等.基于吸收衰减补偿的多分量高斯束叠前逆时偏移.地球物理学报,2016,59(9):3379-3393.Bai Min,Chen Xiaohong,Wu Juan et al.Multiplecomponent Gaussian beam reverse-time migration based on attenuation compensation.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(9):3379-3393.
[21]白敏.高斯束偏移方法与应用[学位论文].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2016.Bai Min.Theory and Application of Gaussian Beam Migration[D].China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing,2016.
[22]刘强,张敏,李振春等.各向异性介质共炮域高斯束偏移.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):930-937.Liu Qiang,Zhang Min,Li Zhenchun et al.Commonshot domain Gaussian beam migration in anisotropic media.OGP,2016,51(5):930-937.
[23]代福材,黄建平,李振春等.角度域黏声介质高斯束叠前深度偏移方法.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(2):283-293.Dai Fucai,Huang Jianping,Li Zhenchun et al.Angle domain prestack Gaussian beam migration for viscoacoustic media.OGP,2017,52(2):283-293.
[24]白敏,吴娟,孙章庆等.基于全局笛卡尔坐标系的高斯束地震波场模拟.石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(2):257-265.Bai Min,Wu Juan,Sun Zhangqing et al.Seismic modeling by Gaussian beams in the global Cartesian coordinate system.OGP,2018,53(2):257-265.
[25]吴娟.基于衰减补偿的高斯束偏移方法研究[学位论文].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2015.Wu Juan.Research on Gaussian Beam Migration Method Based on Attenuation Compensation[D].China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing,2015.
[2]S?nneland L,Berg L E,Eidsvig P et al.2-D deghosting using vertical receiver arrays.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,1986,5:516-519.
[3]Posthumus B J.Deghosting of twin streamer configuration.Geophysical Prospecting,1993,41(3):267-286.
[4]Hill D,Combed L,Bacon J.Over/under acquisition and data processing:the next quantum leap in seismic data technology?First Break,2006,24(6):81-95.
[5]Gratacos B.Over-under deghosting:1D,2Dor 3Dalgorithms in the F,FK or FXY domains.70th EAGEConference and Exhibition Extended Abstracts,2008,H011.
[6]?zdemir A K,Caprioli P,zbek A et al.Optimized deghosting of over/under towed-streamer data in the presence of noise.The Leading Edge,2008,27(2):190-199.
[7]刘春成,刘志斌,顾汉明.利用上/下缆合并算子确定海上上/下缆采集的最优沉放深度组合.石油物探,2013,52(6):623-629.Liu Chuncheng,Liu Zhibin,Gu Hanming.The determination of optimal sinking depths of over/under streamers in offshore survey by merge operator.GPP,2013,52(6):623-629.
[8]He J W,Lu W K,Li Z X et al.An adaptive over/under data combination method.Applied Geophysics,2013,10(4):469-476.
[9]赵仁永,张振波,轩义华.上下源、上下缆地震采集技术在珠江口的应用.石油地球物理勘探,2011,46(4):517-521.Zhao Renyong,Zhang Zhenbo,Xuan Yihua.Application of over/under streamer and over/under source seismic acquisition in the Pearl River Mouth Basin.OGP,2011,46(4):517-521.
[10]Soubaras R.Deghosting by joint deconvolution of a migration and a mirror migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2010,29:3406-3410.
[11]Wang P,Peng C.Premigration deghosting for marine towed streamer data using a bootstrap approach.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012,31:1-5.
[12]顾汉明,王冲,许自强等.反演迭代算法在海上斜缆采集资料宽频处理中的应用.第十七届中国科协年会南海深水油气勘探开发技术"研讨会论文集,2015.
[13]许自强,方中于,顾汉明等.海上变深度缆数据最优化压制鬼波方法及其应用.石油物探,2015,54(4):404-413.Xu Ziqiang,Fang Zhongyu,Gu Hanming et al.The application of optimal deghosting algorithm on marine variable-depth streamer data.GPP,2015,54(4):404-413.
[14]Zhang Y,Roberts G,Khalil A.Compensating for source and receiver ghost effects in reverse time migration.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012,31:4609-4613.
[15]Sablon R,Russier D,Zurita O et al.Multiple attenuation for variable-depth streamer data:from deep to shallow water.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2011,30:3505-3509.
[16]Soubaras R.Pre-stack deghosting for variable-depth streamer data.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2012,31:780-789.
[17]Roberts G,Zhang Y,Poole G.Source and receiver ghost compensation within a beam migration.SEGTechnical Program Expanded Abstracts,2013,32:3667-3671.
[18]Wu J,Chen X H,Bai M et al.Attenuation compensation in multicomponent Gaussian beam prestack depth migration.Applied Geophysics,2015,12(2):157-168.
[19]Bai M,Chen X H,Wu J et al.Q-compensated migration by Gaussian beam summation method.Journal of Geophysics and Engineering,2016,13(1):35-48.
[20]白敏,陈小宏,吴娟等.基于吸收衰减补偿的多分量高斯束叠前逆时偏移.地球物理学报,2016,59(9):3379-3393.Bai Min,Chen Xiaohong,Wu Juan et al.Multiplecomponent Gaussian beam reverse-time migration based on attenuation compensation.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2016,59(9):3379-3393.
[21]白敏.高斯束偏移方法与应用[学位论文].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2016.Bai Min.Theory and Application of Gaussian Beam Migration[D].China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing,2016.
[22]刘强,张敏,李振春等.各向异性介质共炮域高斯束偏移.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(5):930-937.Liu Qiang,Zhang Min,Li Zhenchun et al.Commonshot domain Gaussian beam migration in anisotropic media.OGP,2016,51(5):930-937.
[23]代福材,黄建平,李振春等.角度域黏声介质高斯束叠前深度偏移方法.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(2):283-293.Dai Fucai,Huang Jianping,Li Zhenchun et al.Angle domain prestack Gaussian beam migration for viscoacoustic media.OGP,2017,52(2):283-293.
[24]白敏,吴娟,孙章庆等.基于全局笛卡尔坐标系的高斯束地震波场模拟.石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(2):257-265.Bai Min,Wu Juan,Sun Zhangqing et al.Seismic modeling by Gaussian beams in the global Cartesian coordinate system.OGP,2018,53(2):257-265.
[25]吴娟.基于衰减补偿的高斯束偏移方法研究[学位论文].北京:中国石油大学(北京),2015.Wu Juan.Research on Gaussian Beam Migration Method Based on Attenuation Compensation[D].China University of Petroleum(Beijing),Beijing,2015.