黏声介质全三维双平方根方程叠前深度偏移及其在海上数据中的应用
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摘要
海上多方位/宽方位和高密度地震数据采集可有效地提高复杂勘探区域的成像质量,但海量的地震数据对叠前深度偏移形成了较大的挑战。另外,随着勘探目标埋深增大,介质的吸收成为中深层精细成像不可忽略的因素。针对上述实际需要,首先讨论了全三维双平方根方程叠前深度偏移的基本公式。基于双平方根算子的全三维叠前深度偏移成像的优点是无需选择偏移孔径、适应炮数极多的多方位/宽方位和高密度海上地震数据、易于考虑衰减效应、便于产生方位角度道集。然后在考虑衰减补偿的稳定性的基础上,将其扩展到黏声介质中,实现了带衰减补偿的全三维叠前深度偏移。借助较大计算内存和高维快速傅里叶变换,可同时实现工区所有炮检波场的向下延拓。最后将该方法用于模型数据和海上实际数据处理,结果证明了方法的有效性。
The multi-azimuths/wide-azimuth and highdensity seismic acquisition in marine explorationcould enhance the subsurface imaging in terms of huge amount of shot gathers poses great challenge for seismic imaging.Besides,as the exploration target becomes deeper and deeper,the inelastic absorption affects the imaging quality of deep reserpaper a full 3D double-square-root(DSR)prestack depth migration(PSDM)method in visco-acoustic medium.The full 3D DSR PSDM method has several advantages.Firstly,it does not need to select the migration aperture.Secondly,it is suitable for the multi-azimuths/wide-azimuth and high-density marine seismic data with a large number of shots.Thirdly,it can extended to the absorption medium.Fourthly,ADCIGs of all azimuths can be easilygenerated.With large memory and the high-dimenlargely improve the migration efficiency.Synthetic data and real marine data processing demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
The multi-azimuths/wide-azimuth and highdensity seismic acquisition in marine explorationcould enhance the subsurface imaging in terms of huge amount of shot gathers poses great challenge for seismic imaging.Besides,as the exploration target becomes deeper and deeper,the inelastic absorption affects the imaging quality of deep reserpaper a full 3D double-square-root(DSR)prestack depth migration(PSDM)method in visco-acoustic medium.The full 3D DSR PSDM method has several advantages.Firstly,it does not need to select the migration aperture.Secondly,it is suitable for the multi-azimuths/wide-azimuth and high-density marine seismic data with a large number of shots.Thirdly,it can extended to the absorption medium.Fourthly,ADCIGs of all azimuths can be easilygenerated.With large memory and the high-dimenlargely improve the migration efficiency.Synthetic data and real marine data processing demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed method.
引文
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[8] 金子奇,孙赞东.改进的衰减旅行时层析方法估计Q值.石油物探,2018,57(2):222-230.Jin Ziqi,Sun Zandong.Improved attenuated traveltime tomography for Q estimation.GPP,2018,57(2):222-230.
[9] Wang Y.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering.Geophysics,2002,67(2):657-663.
[10] 周衍,饶莹.地震反Q滤波应用于碳酸盐岩储层特征描述.地球物理学报,2018,61(1):284-292.Zhou Yan,Rao Ying.Seismic inverse Q filtering for carbonate reservoir characterization.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(1):284-292.
[11] 赵玲芝,张建磊,张巍毅.积分法Q成像技术的应用研究.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):86-90.Zhao Lingzhi,Zhang Jianlei,Zhang Weiyi.Kirchhoff Q integration migration.OGP,2017,52(S2):86-90.
[12] 代福材,黄建平,李振春等.角度域黏声介质高斯束叠前深度偏移方法.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(2):283-293.Dai Fucai,Huang Jianping,Li Zhenchun et al.Angle domain prestack Gaussian beam migration for visco-acoustic media.OGP,2017,52(2):283-293.
[13] 陈志德,赵忠华,王成.黏滞声学介质地震波吸收补偿叠前时间偏移方法.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):325-333.Chen Zhide,Zhao Zhonghua,Wang Cheng.Prestack time migration with compensation for absorption of viscous-elastic media.OGP,2016,51(2):325-333.
[14] 周翼,陈学强,江民等.塔克拉玛干沙漠区浅表层对地震波的吸收衰减作用.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):218-223.Zhou Yi,Chen Xueqiang,Jiang Min et al.Seismic wave absorption caused by near-surface in Taklimakan Desert.OGP,2016,51(2):218-223.
[15] 陈树民,刘礼农,张剑峰等.一种补偿介质吸收叠前时间偏移技术.石油物探,2018,57(4):576-583.Chen Shumin,Liu Linong,Zhang Jianfeng et al.A deabsorption prestack time migration technology.GPP,2018,57(4):576-583.
[16] 刘伟,张剑锋,黏弹性叠前时间偏移:陡倾角构造成像与实际应用.地球物理学报,2018,61(2):707-715.Liu Wei,Zhang Jianfeng.De-absorption prestack time migration:steep dip structure imaging and its application.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(2):707-715.
[17] 李添才,谢玉洪,李列等.黏声介质平面波有限差分叠前深度偏移及在莺歌海盆地的应用.地球物理学报,2014,57(5):1612-1622.Li Tiancai,Xie Yuhong,Li Lie et al.Visco-acoustic medium plane-wave finite-difference pre-stack depth migration and its application in Yinggehai Basin.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(5):1612-1622.
[18] Claerbout J F.Imaging the Earth’s Interior.Blackwell Scientific Publications,1985.
[19] Claerbout J F.Toward a unified theory of reflector mapping.Geophysics,1971,36(3):467-481.
[20] Yilmaz O,Claerbout J.Prestack partial migration.Geo-physics,1980,45(12):1753-1779.
[21] Popovici A M.Prestack migration by split-step DSR.Geophysics,1996,61(5):1412-1416.
[22] Stoffa P L,Fokkema J T,Freire R M et al.Split-step Fourier migration.Geophysics,1990,55(4):410-421.
[23] De Hoop M V,Le Rousseau J H,Wu R S.Generalization of the phase-screen approximation for the scattering of acoustic waves.Wave Motion,2000,31(1):43-70.
[24] Huang L,Fehler M C,Wu R S.Extended local Born Fourier migration.Geophysics,1990,64(5):1524-1534.
[25] Kjartansson E.Constant Q-wave propagation and attenuation.Journal of Geophysical and Research,1979,84(B9):4737-4748.
[26] Ursin B,Toverud T.Comparison of seismic dispersion and attenuation models.Studia Geophysica Et Geodaetica,2002,46(2):293-320.
[27] 任浩然,王华忠,张立彬.沿射线路径的波动方程延拓吸收与衰减补偿方法.石油物探,2007,46(6):557-561.Ren Haoran,Wang Huazhong,Zhang Libin.Compensation for absorption and attenuation using wave equation continuation along ray path.GPP,2007,46(6):557-561.
[28] Bickel S H,Natarajan R R.Plane-wave Q deconvolution.Geophysics,1985,50(9):1426-1439.
[29] Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology.University Science Books,2009.
[2] Kapoor S,O’Brain M,Desta D et al.Subsalt imaging:The RAZ/WAZ experience.SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts,2007,26:926-930.
[3] 王丽萍,顾汉明,李鹏等.海上全方位圆形观测系统设计与评价.石油地球物理勘探,2015,50(6):1042-1047.Wang Liping,Gu Hanming,Li Peng et al.Full-azimuth circular geometry design and evaluation in marine seismic acquisition.OGP,2015,50(6):1042-1047.
[4] 冯玮,胡天跃,常丁月等.基于时变子波的品质因子估计.石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(1):136-146.Feng Wei,Hu Tianyue,Chang Dingyue et al.Quality factor Q estimation based on time-varying wavelet.OGP,2018,53(1):136-146.
[5] 刘洋,李向阳,杨东方.基于线性分解的解析信号法估算品质因子Q.石油地球物理勘探,2018,53(4):784-790.Liu Yang,Li Xiangyang,Yang Dongfang.Quality factor Q estimation with complex trace analysis based on linear decomposition.OGP,2018,53(4):784-790.
[6] 王晓涛,谭佳,毛海波等.强衰减条件下能量比法的修正及其应用.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(1):42-47.Wang Xiaotao,Tan Jia,Mao Haibo et al.A modified energy ratio method in strong attenuation condition.OGP,2017,52(1):42-47.
[7] 张繁昌,张汛汛,张立强等.基于自适应子波分解的品质因子Q提取方法.石油物探,2016,55(1):41-48.Zhang Fanchang,Zhang Xunxun,Zhang Liqiang et al.Extraction method for quality factor Q based on adaptive wavelet decomposition.GPP,2016,55(1):41-48.
[8] 金子奇,孙赞东.改进的衰减旅行时层析方法估计Q值.石油物探,2018,57(2):222-230.Jin Ziqi,Sun Zandong.Improved attenuated traveltime tomography for Q estimation.GPP,2018,57(2):222-230.
[9] Wang Y.A stable and efficient approach of inverse Q filtering.Geophysics,2002,67(2):657-663.
[10] 周衍,饶莹.地震反Q滤波应用于碳酸盐岩储层特征描述.地球物理学报,2018,61(1):284-292.Zhou Yan,Rao Ying.Seismic inverse Q filtering for carbonate reservoir characterization.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(1):284-292.
[11] 赵玲芝,张建磊,张巍毅.积分法Q成像技术的应用研究.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(增刊2):86-90.Zhao Lingzhi,Zhang Jianlei,Zhang Weiyi.Kirchhoff Q integration migration.OGP,2017,52(S2):86-90.
[12] 代福材,黄建平,李振春等.角度域黏声介质高斯束叠前深度偏移方法.石油地球物理勘探,2017,52(2):283-293.Dai Fucai,Huang Jianping,Li Zhenchun et al.Angle domain prestack Gaussian beam migration for visco-acoustic media.OGP,2017,52(2):283-293.
[13] 陈志德,赵忠华,王成.黏滞声学介质地震波吸收补偿叠前时间偏移方法.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):325-333.Chen Zhide,Zhao Zhonghua,Wang Cheng.Prestack time migration with compensation for absorption of viscous-elastic media.OGP,2016,51(2):325-333.
[14] 周翼,陈学强,江民等.塔克拉玛干沙漠区浅表层对地震波的吸收衰减作用.石油地球物理勘探,2016,51(2):218-223.Zhou Yi,Chen Xueqiang,Jiang Min et al.Seismic wave absorption caused by near-surface in Taklimakan Desert.OGP,2016,51(2):218-223.
[15] 陈树民,刘礼农,张剑峰等.一种补偿介质吸收叠前时间偏移技术.石油物探,2018,57(4):576-583.Chen Shumin,Liu Linong,Zhang Jianfeng et al.A deabsorption prestack time migration technology.GPP,2018,57(4):576-583.
[16] 刘伟,张剑锋,黏弹性叠前时间偏移:陡倾角构造成像与实际应用.地球物理学报,2018,61(2):707-715.Liu Wei,Zhang Jianfeng.De-absorption prestack time migration:steep dip structure imaging and its application.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2018,61(2):707-715.
[17] 李添才,谢玉洪,李列等.黏声介质平面波有限差分叠前深度偏移及在莺歌海盆地的应用.地球物理学报,2014,57(5):1612-1622.Li Tiancai,Xie Yuhong,Li Lie et al.Visco-acoustic medium plane-wave finite-difference pre-stack depth migration and its application in Yinggehai Basin.Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2014,57(5):1612-1622.
[18] Claerbout J F.Imaging the Earth’s Interior.Blackwell Scientific Publications,1985.
[19] Claerbout J F.Toward a unified theory of reflector mapping.Geophysics,1971,36(3):467-481.
[20] Yilmaz O,Claerbout J.Prestack partial migration.Geo-physics,1980,45(12):1753-1779.
[21] Popovici A M.Prestack migration by split-step DSR.Geophysics,1996,61(5):1412-1416.
[22] Stoffa P L,Fokkema J T,Freire R M et al.Split-step Fourier migration.Geophysics,1990,55(4):410-421.
[23] De Hoop M V,Le Rousseau J H,Wu R S.Generalization of the phase-screen approximation for the scattering of acoustic waves.Wave Motion,2000,31(1):43-70.
[24] Huang L,Fehler M C,Wu R S.Extended local Born Fourier migration.Geophysics,1990,64(5):1524-1534.
[25] Kjartansson E.Constant Q-wave propagation and attenuation.Journal of Geophysical and Research,1979,84(B9):4737-4748.
[26] Ursin B,Toverud T.Comparison of seismic dispersion and attenuation models.Studia Geophysica Et Geodaetica,2002,46(2):293-320.
[27] 任浩然,王华忠,张立彬.沿射线路径的波动方程延拓吸收与衰减补偿方法.石油物探,2007,46(6):557-561.Ren Haoran,Wang Huazhong,Zhang Libin.Compensation for absorption and attenuation using wave equation continuation along ray path.GPP,2007,46(6):557-561.
[28] Bickel S H,Natarajan R R.Plane-wave Q deconvolution.Geophysics,1985,50(9):1426-1439.
[29] Aki K,Richards P G.Quantitative Seismology.University Science Books,2009.