温度对红色型豌豆蚜生长发育和繁殖的世代累积效应
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摘要
为了探明温度对红色型豌豆蚜的世代累积效应,为利用生态措施防治豌豆蚜提供理论依据,本研究在人工设置的5个温度条件下(12℃、17℃、22℃、25℃和28℃)调查了红色型豌豆蚜连续3代的生长发育、繁殖力及生命表等。研究结果表明:红色型豌豆蚜在12℃时F_2代的若虫期较F_0和F_1代分别缩短16.0%和6.8%,而22℃和25℃下若虫期在3代间无显著差异;12℃时世代历期在F_2代较F_0和F_1代分别缩短10.5%和12.4%,17℃、22℃和25℃条件下世代历期在3代间差异不显著。在12℃下红色型豌豆蚜F_2代平均产蚜量较F_0和F_1代降低;而在持续高温25℃条件下后代繁殖力下降幅度最大,F_1和F_2代平均产蚜量较F_0代分别下降49.3%和50.9%,22℃下F_1和F_2代产蚜量与F_0代无显著差异。连续饲养红色型豌豆蚜,其成蚜体重在12℃和25℃下受影响最小,体重在3代间无显著差异;22℃下F_1代成蚜体重显著高于F_0和F_2代,12℃时体质量增长率有随代数增加逐代增长的趋势。随世代数增加红色型豌豆蚜在12℃和25℃条件下净增殖力(R0)降低、平均世代周期(T)缩短;25℃时F_1和F_2代的内禀增长率(rm)和周限增长率(λ)都较F_0代显著增长。表明在连续较低温或较高温胁迫下,红色型豌豆蚜后代繁殖力下降,体重无明显变化,但发育历期缩短,内禀增长率和周限增长率增长,表现出极强的环境适应能力,这可能是其种群数量上升的原因之一。
To determine the cumulative effect of temperatures on the growth, development and reproduction of red pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum), and further provide scientific theory for using ecological treatment on pea aphid, we studied the life tables of 3 continuous generations of red pea aphid through indoor observation under five temperature regimes(12 ℃, 17 ℃, 22 ℃, 25 ℃ and 28 ℃). Results showed that the nymph stage of F_2 generation shortened by 16.0% and 6.8% compared with F_0 and F_1 generations at 12 ℃. There was no significant difference among three generations at 22 ℃ and 25 ℃. Respectively, F_2 generation time reduced by 10.5% and 12.4% compared with F_0 and F_1 at 12 ℃. There was no significant difference among three filial generations at 17 ℃, 22 ℃ and 25 ℃. The average reproduction of F_2 generation was significantly lower than those of F_0 and F_1 at 12 ℃. Also, offspring fertility obviously declined in continuous high temperature of 25 ℃. The average reproduction of F_1 and F_2 decreased by 49.3% and 50.9% respectively compared with F_0. Also the fecundities of both F_1 and F_2 aphids were not significantly different compared with that F_0 at 22 ℃. Continuous feeding of red pea aphid and the related gained weight were affected by the minimum at 12 ℃ and 25 ℃ among all treatments, and there was no signifi-cant difference in weight among three generations. The weight of F_1 generation was significantly higher than those of F_0 and F_2 generations at 22 ℃, furthermore, the body weight growth rate apparently increased with the number of generations at 12 ℃. With increasing generations, under 12 ℃ and 25 ℃, net reproductive rate(R0) and generation time(T) of red pea aphid respectively declined and shortened. The intrinsic increase rate(rm) and finite increase rate(λ) of F_1 and F_2 generations increased significantly compared with F_0 under 25 ℃. This showed that in continuous low temperature or high temperature stress, offspring fertility of red pea aphid declined. However, developmental duration shortened and with no significant changes in body weight. The intrinsic increase rate(rm) and finite increase rate(λ) increased, showing a strong adaptive capacity to the environment. This was one of the reasons for the rise of filial population of red pea aphid.
To determine the cumulative effect of temperatures on the growth, development and reproduction of red pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum), and further provide scientific theory for using ecological treatment on pea aphid, we studied the life tables of 3 continuous generations of red pea aphid through indoor observation under five temperature regimes(12 ℃, 17 ℃, 22 ℃, 25 ℃ and 28 ℃). Results showed that the nymph stage of F_2 generation shortened by 16.0% and 6.8% compared with F_0 and F_1 generations at 12 ℃. There was no significant difference among three generations at 22 ℃ and 25 ℃. Respectively, F_2 generation time reduced by 10.5% and 12.4% compared with F_0 and F_1 at 12 ℃. There was no significant difference among three filial generations at 17 ℃, 22 ℃ and 25 ℃. The average reproduction of F_2 generation was significantly lower than those of F_0 and F_1 at 12 ℃. Also, offspring fertility obviously declined in continuous high temperature of 25 ℃. The average reproduction of F_1 and F_2 decreased by 49.3% and 50.9% respectively compared with F_0. Also the fecundities of both F_1 and F_2 aphids were not significantly different compared with that F_0 at 22 ℃. Continuous feeding of red pea aphid and the related gained weight were affected by the minimum at 12 ℃ and 25 ℃ among all treatments, and there was no signifi-cant difference in weight among three generations. The weight of F_1 generation was significantly higher than those of F_0 and F_2 generations at 22 ℃, furthermore, the body weight growth rate apparently increased with the number of generations at 12 ℃. With increasing generations, under 12 ℃ and 25 ℃, net reproductive rate(R0) and generation time(T) of red pea aphid respectively declined and shortened. The intrinsic increase rate(rm) and finite increase rate(λ) of F_1 and F_2 generations increased significantly compared with F_0 under 25 ℃. This showed that in continuous low temperature or high temperature stress, offspring fertility of red pea aphid declined. However, developmental duration shortened and with no significant changes in body weight. The intrinsic increase rate(rm) and finite increase rate(λ) increased, showing a strong adaptive capacity to the environment. This was one of the reasons for the rise of filial population of red pea aphid.
引文
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[2]戈峰,陈法军.大气CO2浓度增加对昆虫的影响[J].生态学报,2006,26(3):935–944Ge F,Chen F J.Impacts of elevated CO2 on insects[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2006,26(3):935–944
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[4]Gray D R.Relationship between climate and outbreak characteristics of the spruce bud worm in eastern Canada[J].Climatic Change,2008,87(3/4):361–383
[5]杜尧,马春森,赵清华,等.高温对昆虫影响的生理生化作用机理研究进展[J].生态学报,2007,27(4):1565–1572Du Y,Ma C S,Zhao Q H,et al.Effects of heat stress on physiological and biochemical mechanisms of insects:A literature review[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2007,27(4):1565–1572
[6]贺春贵,姚拓,刘长仲,等.苜蓿病虫草鼠害防治[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2004He C G,Yao T,Liu C Z,et al.The Prevention and Control of Damages of Disease,Pest,Weed and Rodent of Alfalfa[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2004
[7]马亚玲,刘长仲.蚜虫的生态学特性及其防治[J].草业科学,2014,31(3):519–525Ma Y L,Liu C Z.Review on ecological characteristics and control of aphids[J].Pratacultural Science,2014,31(3):519–525
[8]吕宁,刘长仲.不同抗生素对豌豆蚜生物学特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2014,22(2):208–216LüN,Liu C Z.Effect of different antibiotics on the biological characteristics of pea aphid[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2014,22(2):208–216
[9]黄晓磊,乔格侠.蚜虫学研究现状与学科发展趋势[J].昆虫学报,2006,49(6):1017–1026Huang X L,Qiao G X.Research status and trends in aphidology[J].Acta Entomologica Sinica,2006,49(6):1017–1026
[10]武德功,贺春贵,刘长仲,等.不同苜蓿品种对豌豆蚜的生化抗性机制[J].草地学报,2011,19(3):497–501Wu D G,He C G,Liu C Z,et al.Biochemical resistance mechanism of Medicago sativa to Acyrthosiphon pisum[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2011,19(3):497–501
[11]高有华,刘长仲.不同温度下的豌豆蚜实验种群生命表研究[J].植物保护,2008,34(4):57–59Gao Y H,Liu C Z.Life table of the experimental population of Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris)at different temperatures[J].Plant Protection,2008,34(4):57–59
[12]王小强,韩秀楠,曹馨月,等.豌豆品种对绿色型豌豆蚜种群参数的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2013,21(8):1004–1008Wang X Q,Han X N,Cao X Y,et al.Effects of different garden pea cultivars on population parameters of green morph of pea aphid(Acyrthosiphon pisum)[J].Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2013,21(8):1004–1008
[13]忤均祥.农业昆虫学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2002Wu J X.Agricultural Entomology[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press,2002
[14]王鑫.苜蓿主要虫害发生规律及防治对策[J].四川草原,2004(4):57–58Wang X.The main pests occurrence regularity and control measures of alfalfa[J].Journal of Sichuan Grassland,2004(4):57–58
[15]金娟,王森山,贺春贵.西北不同地理种群红色型豌豆蚜的遗传多样性[J].草地学报,2013,21(2):406–412Jin J,Wang S S,He C G.Genetic diversities of Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris)(pink form)populations from different geographic regions in the Northwest of China[J].Acta Agrestia Sinica,2013,21(2):406–412
[16]杜军利,武德功,张廷伟,等.紫外线(UV-B)辐射对不同色型豌豆蚜生物学特性的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2012,20(11):1626–1630Du J L,Wu D G,Zhang T W,et al.Effects of UV-B radiation on biological characteristics of different color pea aphid morphs(Acyrthosiphon pisum)[J].Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,2012,20(11):1626–1630
[17]邓明明,高欢欢,李丹,等.温度对麦长管蚜体色变化的影响[J].生态学报,2011,31(23):7203–7210Deng M M,Gao H H,Li D,et al.Effects of temperature on body color in Sitobion avenae(F.)[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(23):7203–7210
[18]姚建秀,赵惠燕.紫外条件诱导下麦长管蚜DNA的变异研究[J].西北农业学报,2001,10(1):33–36Yao J X,Zhao H Y.Study on the DNA mutation of wheat aphid under the ultraviolet[J].Acta Agriculturae Boreali-occidentalis Sinica,2001,10(1):33–36
[19]胡祖庆,亢菊侠,赵惠燕,等.不同紫外(UV-B)辐射时间对两种体色型麦长管蚜后代生物学特征的影响[J].生态学报,2010,30(7):1812–1816Hu Z Q,Kang J X,Zhao H Y,et al.Effect of UV-B radiation on biological characteristics of two body color biotypes of Sitobion avenae(Fab.)off spring[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2010,30(7):1812–1816
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