小黄黝鱼繁殖期与非繁殖期的两性异形
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摘要
两性异形可能在促进入侵种成功入侵过程中扮演重要角色而促使研究者进行广泛的探讨。本文利用传统形态性状测量及框架性状分析方法定量研究了滇池流域典型入侵鱼类小黄黝鱼Micropercops swinhonis繁殖期与非繁殖期的两性异形特征,为系统研究小黄黝鱼的繁殖生态与入侵机制的关系奠定基础。研究结果显示,小黄黝鱼种群在5—6月出现世代交替,可以划分出5月前的世代Ⅰ和6月后新成熟的世代Ⅱ2个繁殖群体。这2个繁殖群体繁殖期雄鱼体长均显著大于雌鱼,提示小黄黝鱼是偏向于大个体雄性的两性异形物种。非繁殖期,小黄黝鱼雌雄体长差异无统计学意义。单因素方差分析显示,小黄黝鱼雌雄个体无论繁殖期还是非繁殖期均在多个测量参数中呈现显著差异。主成分分析显示,世代Ⅰ繁殖群体繁殖期雌雄鱼在第二主成分PC2轴上显著分离,尾柄高/体高、腹鳍起点-臀鳍起点/体长等是导致两性形态差异的主要指标,提示雄鱼尾柄增大及雌鱼腹腔增大以提高两性的繁殖成功率等策略是促使两性异形的重要因素;世代Ⅱ繁殖群体在第一主成分PC1轴上显著分离,全长、体长、尾柄长/头长、尾柄高/体长、头宽/体长、胸鳍起点-臀鳍起点/体长等与生长及腹腔增大有关的指标是导致两者形态差异的主要因素;非繁殖期雌雄鱼形态性状差异不明显。判别分析结果则进一步支持了雌雄鱼形态性状差异繁殖期明显、非繁殖期不明显的结论。小黄黝鱼两性异形与提高其繁殖输出及后代早期存活率密切相关,对其入侵与种群扩张有积极意义。
Currently,researchers are interested in the sex dimorphism of alien species as it might play a significant role during the process of alien species invasion. A freshwater goby,Micropercops swinhonis,which is the typical invasive fish in Dianchi Lake,Kunming,China,has been reported to have sex dimorphism; however,there is no definite quantitative data to support this opinion. In order to determine whether the sex dimorphism in M. swinhonis is real and to make a preliminary comprehension on the relationship between the fish invasive ability and sex dimorphism,a morphological analysis of male and female M. swinhonis was conducted in this study. Fish was collected from a basin named Huahongyuan,Kunming,China,which is around the Dianchi Lake watershed. The results showed that a generation replacement occurred between May and June2017,thus 2 reproduction groups of M. swinhonis were detected,generationⅠand generation Ⅱ. GenerationⅠwas collected from Spetember 2016 to May 2017. Generation Ⅱ occurred at the late of March 2017 should be the offsprings of generationⅠand was collected from June to July 2017. Additionally,significant differences were observed in many measurements between the male and female M. swinhonis both in the reproduction and non-reproduction period samples. The male M. swinhonis were much larger than the females in the reproduction period; however,there was no significant difference in the non-reproduction period. By using One-Way ANOVA,principal component analysis and discriminant analysis,the sex dimorphism of M. swinhonis was revealed. Principal component analysis showed that the morphologies of male and female M. swinhonis in generationⅠwere separated along with the axis of the second principal component( PC2),and the ratio of the depth of caudal peduncle vs. body depth,the length from the starting point of the peritoneal fin to the start point of the anal fin vs. standard body length suggested to be the principal measurements which had a major contribution to the morphological difference between males and females. However,in generationⅡ,the male and female fish morphologies were diverged in the axis of the first principal component( PC1),and the total length,standard length,etc. were the principal measurements which had a major contribution to the morphological difference between males and females. Reproductive selection pressure and reproductive strategy adaptation are suggested to be the driving force for the M. swinhonis to form the sex dimorphism in which the males are much larger than the females might benefit to the early survival rate of the offsprings. As a result,sex dimorphism in M. swinhonis has a considerable meaning to their population expansion during their invasion process.
Currently,researchers are interested in the sex dimorphism of alien species as it might play a significant role during the process of alien species invasion. A freshwater goby,Micropercops swinhonis,which is the typical invasive fish in Dianchi Lake,Kunming,China,has been reported to have sex dimorphism; however,there is no definite quantitative data to support this opinion. In order to determine whether the sex dimorphism in M. swinhonis is real and to make a preliminary comprehension on the relationship between the fish invasive ability and sex dimorphism,a morphological analysis of male and female M. swinhonis was conducted in this study. Fish was collected from a basin named Huahongyuan,Kunming,China,which is around the Dianchi Lake watershed. The results showed that a generation replacement occurred between May and June2017,thus 2 reproduction groups of M. swinhonis were detected,generationⅠand generation Ⅱ. GenerationⅠwas collected from Spetember 2016 to May 2017. Generation Ⅱ occurred at the late of March 2017 should be the offsprings of generationⅠand was collected from June to July 2017. Additionally,significant differences were observed in many measurements between the male and female M. swinhonis both in the reproduction and non-reproduction period samples. The male M. swinhonis were much larger than the females in the reproduction period; however,there was no significant difference in the non-reproduction period. By using One-Way ANOVA,principal component analysis and discriminant analysis,the sex dimorphism of M. swinhonis was revealed. Principal component analysis showed that the morphologies of male and female M. swinhonis in generationⅠwere separated along with the axis of the second principal component( PC2),and the ratio of the depth of caudal peduncle vs. body depth,the length from the starting point of the peritoneal fin to the start point of the anal fin vs. standard body length suggested to be the principal measurements which had a major contribution to the morphological difference between males and females. However,in generationⅡ,the male and female fish morphologies were diverged in the axis of the first principal component( PC1),and the total length,standard length,etc. were the principal measurements which had a major contribution to the morphological difference between males and females. Reproductive selection pressure and reproductive strategy adaptation are suggested to be the driving force for the M. swinhonis to form the sex dimorphism in which the males are much larger than the females might benefit to the early survival rate of the offsprings. As a result,sex dimorphism in M. swinhonis has a considerable meaning to their population expansion during their invasion process.
引文
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樊晓丽,林植华,胡雄光,等.2016.卵胎生入侵种食蚊鱼的两性异形和雌性繁殖输出[J].生态学报,36(9):2497-2504.
樊晓丽,林植华,卢静,等.2009.沙塘鳢形态特征的两性异形和雌性个体生育力[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),28(6):587-591.
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林植华,雷焕宗,林植云,等.2005.花的两性异形和雌体繁殖输出[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),23(3):284-288.
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Hemingway RJ,Scarnecchia DL.2018.Lipid acquisition and retention in tissues of spawning adult paddlefish Polyodon spathula(Walbaum,1792)in relation to extended and compressed life history patterns in two river-reservoir systems[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,34(1):42-48.
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MacGregor HEA,While GM,Uller T.2017.Comparison of reproductive investment in native and non-native populations of common wall lizards reveals sex differences in adaptive potential[J].Oikos,126(11):1564-1574.
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仇玉萍,刘勇,孙大成,等.2015.利用ISSR技术分析滇池流域中华青鳉(Oryzias sinensis)遗传多样性(英文)[J].湿地科学,13(5):543-550.
丁慧萍,覃剑晖,林少卿,等.2014.拉萨市茶巴朗湿地的外来鱼类[J].水生态学杂志,35(2):49-55.
樊晓丽,林植华,丁先龙,等.2014.鲶鱼和胡子鲶的两性异形与雌性个体生育力[J].生态学报,34(3):555-563.
樊晓丽,林植华,胡雄光,等.2016.卵胎生入侵种食蚊鱼的两性异形和雌性繁殖输出[J].生态学报,36(9):2497-2504.
樊晓丽,林植华,卢静,等.2009.沙塘鳢形态特征的两性异形和雌性个体生育力[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),28(6):587-591.
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孔德平,陈小勇,杨君兴.2006.泸沽湖鱼类区系现状及人为影响成因的初步探讨(英文)[J].动物学研究,27(1):94-97.
廖灏泓,徐峰,杨维康.2013.两栖爬行动物两性大小异形研究进展[J].生态学杂志,32(11):3082-3093.
林植华,雷焕宗,陈利丽,等.2007.棒花鱼形态特征的两性异形和雌性个体生育力[J].四川动物,26(4):910-913.
林植华,雷焕宗,林植云,等.2005.花的两性异形和雌体繁殖输出[J].上海交通大学学报(农业科学版),23(3):284-288.
林植华,雷焕宗.2004.黄颡鱼的两性异形和雌性繁殖特征[J].动物学杂志,39(6):13-17.
万安,张晓可,刘志刚,等.2017.大别山区黑沟绿太阳鱼种群的形态特征研究[J].水生生物学报,41(1):194-200.
伍汉霖,钟俊生.2008.中国动物志硬骨鱼纲鲈形目(五)虾虎鱼亚目[M].北京:科学出版社.
易伯鲁.1982.黄黝鱼属的种类及其两性异形[J].华中农学院学报,1(3):70-77.
殷名称.1995.鱼类生态学[M].北京:中国农业出版社.
袁刚,茹辉军,刘学勤.2010.2007-2008年云南高原湖泊鱼类多样性与资源现状[J].湖泊科学,22(6):837-841.
张堂林,李钟杰,曹文宣.2008.鱼类生态形态学研究进展[J].水产学报,32(1):152-160.
Arao K,Kanou K,Yokoo T.2010.Seasonal occurrence and food habit of introduced an alien fish Micropercops swinhonis(Odontobutidae)in the middle area of the Umeda River,central Honshu,Japan[J].Bulletin of the Biogeographical Society of Japan,65:43-49.
Cain NW,Baenninger R.1980.Social organization and the maintenance of aggressive behavior in community-housed male Siamese fighting fish(Betta splendens)[J].Animal Learning&Behavior,8(1):171-176.
Dadebo E,Ahlgren I,Ahlgren G.2005.Maturation,sex ratio and fecundity of the Nile perch Lates niloticus(L.)(Pisces:Centropomidae)in Lake Chamo,Ethiopia[J].SINET:Ethiopian Journal of Science,28(2):151-160.
Dadebo E.2016.Length-weight relationship,breeding season,sex ratio,maturity and fecundity of the Nile catfish Synodontis schall(Bloch and Schneider,1801)(Pisces:Mochokidae)in Lake Chamo,Ethiopia[J].Journal of Science and Technology,9(2):87-102.
Diana JS.1983.An energy budget for northern pike(Esox lucius)[J].Canadian Journal of Zoology,61(9):1968-1975.
Dwivedi AC,Mayank P,Imran S.2016.Reproductive structure of invading fish,Oreochromis niloticus(Linnaeus,1757)in respect of climate from the Yamuna river,India[J].Journal of Climatology and Weather Forecasting,4(2):1000164.DOI:10.4172/2332-2594.1000164.
Estlander S,Kahilainen KK,Horppila J,et al.2017.Latitudinal variation in sexual dimorphism in life-history traits of a freshwater fish[J].Ecology and Evolution,7(2):665-673.
Fernald RD.2015.Social behaviour:can it change the brain?[J].Animal Behaviour,103:259-265.
Hemingway RJ,Scarnecchia DL.2018.Lipid acquisition and retention in tissues of spawning adult paddlefish Polyodon spathula(Walbaum,1792)in relation to extended and compressed life history patterns in two river-reservoir systems[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,34(1):42-48.
Henson SA,Warner RR.1997.Male and female alternative reproductive behaviors in fishes:a new approach using intersexual dynamics[J].Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,28(1):571-592.
Iwata A,Sakai H,Shibukawa K,et al.2001.Developmental characteristics of a freshwater goby,Micropercops swinhonis,from Korea[J].Zoological Science,18(1):91-97.
Jeschke JM,Strayer DL.2006.Determinants of vertebrate invasion success in Europe and North America[J].Global Change Biology,12(9):1608-1619.
Kim IS,Kim BJ.1997.Population ecology of the goby,Micropercops swinhonis in the Puan-gun,Ch'ollabuk-do,Korea[J].Korean Journal of Limnology,30:47-54.
Kim IS.1996.Breeding habits and egg development of the goby,Micropercops swinhonis[J].The Korean Journal of Ecology,19(5):477-486.
Kornis MS,Mercado-Silva N,Vander Zanden MJ.2012.Twenty years of invasion:a review of round goby Neogobius melanostomus biology,spread and ecological implications[J].Journal of Fish Biology,80(2):235-285.
Legrand RS,Morse DH.2000.Factors driving extreme sexual size dimorphism of a sit-and-wait predator under low density[J].Biological Journal of the Linnean Society,71(4):643-664.
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