基于行为分析的叉车驾驶室造型设计研究
|
摘要
目的现有的车辆人机分析过程,多以车辆本体为研究对象,驾驶员被动匹配,忽略了以用户为中心的设计原则。基于驾驶员主动驾驶行为的研究,可以系统地进行人机工程学分析,为叉车驾驶室造型设计提供有效的指导。方法首先分析驾驶员行为与叉车造型的映射关系,通过任务分析法和动素分析法,研究叉车驾驶员的上车行为与驾驶行为,提取关键动作及序列;依据ECRS原则进行行为优化,关联归纳现有叉车造型存在的问题,为创新设计提供目标方向。结果依据分析结果对叉车驾驶室进行了创新方案的设计,并通过Proe软件的Manikin模块,验证了创新设计方案的可用性。结论最后总结出了基于驾驶行为分析的工程车辆驾驶室的造型设计流程,为现有工程车辆驾驶室的造型设计提供了系统性指导。
The existing vehicle ergonomic analysis, in which drivers were passively matched, mostly takes vehicles as the research targets and ignores the user-centered design principle. Research on active driving behaviors of drivers can have systematical ergonomics analysis and provide effective guidance for appearance design of forklift cabs. Firstly, the main postures and sequences of the driver were extracted and analyzed by taking advantages of mapping relationship between driver's behaviors and forklift appearance through task analysis and Therblig analysis. According to the ECRS principle, the behavior optimization was carried out, the problems of the existing forklift design were pointed out, and target and direction of innovative design were provided. According to the analysis results, the innovative design of the forklift cab was carried out and the usability of the new design scheme was verified by the Manikin module of Proe software. The design flow modeling of engineering vehicle cab is summarized based on driver behavior analysis and systematic guidance for current engineering vehicle cab shape design is provided.
The existing vehicle ergonomic analysis, in which drivers were passively matched, mostly takes vehicles as the research targets and ignores the user-centered design principle. Research on active driving behaviors of drivers can have systematical ergonomics analysis and provide effective guidance for appearance design of forklift cabs. Firstly, the main postures and sequences of the driver were extracted and analyzed by taking advantages of mapping relationship between driver's behaviors and forklift appearance through task analysis and Therblig analysis. According to the ECRS principle, the behavior optimization was carried out, the problems of the existing forklift design were pointed out, and target and direction of innovative design were provided. According to the analysis results, the innovative design of the forklift cab was carried out and the usability of the new design scheme was verified by the Manikin module of Proe software. The design flow modeling of engineering vehicle cab is summarized based on driver behavior analysis and systematic guidance for current engineering vehicle cab shape design is provided.
引文
[1]ENDSLEY M R.Designing for Situation Awareness:an Approach to User-centered Design[M].Boca Raton:CRC Press,2016.
[2]PETER L E,JOSEPH R,GREGORY K,et al.Objective Classification of Vehicle Seat Discomfort[J].Ergonomics,2014,57(4):536-544.
[3]陈杰.汽车座椅的人机工程学分析[J].包装工程2015,36(22):145-148.CHEN Jie.Ergonomics Analysis of Automobile Seat[J].Packaging Engineering,2015,36(22):145-148.
[4]高振海,高菲,沈传亮,等.汽车椅面倾角对驾驶员乘坐舒适性的影响分析[J].湖南大学学报(自科版),2017,44(8):43-49.GAO Zhen-hai,GAO Fei,SHEN Chuan-liang,et al.Analyses of Driver Sitting Comfort in Different Automotive Seat-pan Angle[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2017,44(8):43-49.
[5]REED M P,MANARY M A,FLANNAGAN C A,et al.Effects of Vehicle Interior Geometry and Anthropometric Variables on Automobile Driving Posture[J].Human Factors,2000,42(4):41-52.
[6]曾庆抒,赵江洪,谭浩.汽车人机界面交互设计的情景板工具与方法[J].包装工程,2014,35(22):22-26.ZENG Qing-shu,ZHAO Jiang-hong,TAN Hao.Mood Board Tool and Methods in Vehicel HMI Interaction Design[J].Packaging Engineering,2014,35(22):22-26
[7]JHINKWAN A,SINGH J.Design Specifications and Ergonomic Evaluation of Car Seat(a Review)[J].Esrsa Publications,2014,3(5):611-612.
[8]支锦亦,向泽锐,梁刚毅.面向轨道装备的可视化人因综合仿真分析平台研究[J].包装工程,2017,38(2):1-7.ZHI Jin-yi,XIANG Ze-rui,LIANG Gang-yi.Visual Comprehensive Human Factors Simulation Analysis Platform for Rail Equipment[J].Packaging Engineering,2017,38(2):1-7.
[9]PATEL T,SANJOG J,KARMAKAR S.Ergonomics Perspective in Agricultural Research:a User-Centred Approach Using CAD and Digital Human Modeling(DHM)Technologies[J].Journal of the Institution of Engineers(India):Series A,2016,97(3):33-342.
[10]尹航.装载机驾驶舱人机工程改进设计研究[J].机械设计,2017(8):120-123.YIN Hang.Improving Design of Loader Cockpit through Ergonomics Analysis[J].Journal of Machine Design,2017(8):120-123.
[11]郝亮,解彪,王健,等.用户行为准则在军工产品造型设计中的应用[J].机械管理开发,2016(10):87-90.HAO Liang,XIE Biao,WANG Jian,et al.Application of the User Code of Conduct in the Military Industrial Product Modeling Design[J].Mechanical Management and Development,2016(10):87-90.
[12]曹文波.基于任务分析的人机界面设计[J].美术大观,2017(11):100-101.CAO Wen-bo.Design of Human-computer Interface on Task Analysis[J].Art Panorama,2017(11):100-101.
[13]DAVID F.Therbligs:the Keys to Simplifying Work[EB/OL].http://gilbrethnetwork.tripod.com/therbligs.html.
[14]NAOGHARE P M,MORE A R,PATIL S S.Value Analysis of a Rubber Hose Moulding and Assembly Line:a Case Study[J].International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology(IRJET),2017(4):1817-1820.
[15]吴志军,张映琪,唐超.用户行为导向的数控装备造型设计过程模型[J].机械设计,2017(7):105-109.WU Zhi-jun,ZHANG Ying-qi,TANG Chao.User Behavior Oriented CNC Modeling Design Process Model[J].Journal of Machine Design,2017(7):105-109.
[16]DREYFUSS H.Designing for People[J].Arts Education Policy Review,2003,61(2):32-33.
[17]GB/T 21935-2008,土方机械操纵的舒适区域与可及范围[S].GB/T 21935-2008,Earth Moving Machinery,Zones of Comfort and Reach for Controls[S].
[18]王建伟,张建敏.基于Jack的农机驾驶室人机工程学分析及仿真[J].农机化研究,2018,40(6):246-251.WANG Jian-wei,ZHANG Jian-min.Analysis and Simulation of Ergonomics of Agricultural Machinery Cab Based on Jack[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(6):246-251.
[19]王一甲,王余锐,金立生.基于人机工程的驾驶室舒适性设计与仿真研究[J].农机化研究,2016(12):247-253.WANG Yi-jia,WANG Yu-rui,JIN Li-sheng.Comfort Design and Simulation Study of Driving Cab Based on Ergonomics[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016(12):247-253.
[20]姜良奎,向泽锐,刘峰.无辅助抓握件地铁车内扶手布置设计研究[J].包装工程,2017,38(2):15-20.JIANG Liang-kui,XIANG Ze-rui,LIU Feng.Layout Design of Handrails without Assistive Handles for Metro Vehicles[J].Packaging Engineering,2017,38(2):15-20.
[2]PETER L E,JOSEPH R,GREGORY K,et al.Objective Classification of Vehicle Seat Discomfort[J].Ergonomics,2014,57(4):536-544.
[3]陈杰.汽车座椅的人机工程学分析[J].包装工程2015,36(22):145-148.CHEN Jie.Ergonomics Analysis of Automobile Seat[J].Packaging Engineering,2015,36(22):145-148.
[4]高振海,高菲,沈传亮,等.汽车椅面倾角对驾驶员乘坐舒适性的影响分析[J].湖南大学学报(自科版),2017,44(8):43-49.GAO Zhen-hai,GAO Fei,SHEN Chuan-liang,et al.Analyses of Driver Sitting Comfort in Different Automotive Seat-pan Angle[J].Journal of Hunan University(Natural Sciences),2017,44(8):43-49.
[5]REED M P,MANARY M A,FLANNAGAN C A,et al.Effects of Vehicle Interior Geometry and Anthropometric Variables on Automobile Driving Posture[J].Human Factors,2000,42(4):41-52.
[6]曾庆抒,赵江洪,谭浩.汽车人机界面交互设计的情景板工具与方法[J].包装工程,2014,35(22):22-26.ZENG Qing-shu,ZHAO Jiang-hong,TAN Hao.Mood Board Tool and Methods in Vehicel HMI Interaction Design[J].Packaging Engineering,2014,35(22):22-26
[7]JHINKWAN A,SINGH J.Design Specifications and Ergonomic Evaluation of Car Seat(a Review)[J].Esrsa Publications,2014,3(5):611-612.
[8]支锦亦,向泽锐,梁刚毅.面向轨道装备的可视化人因综合仿真分析平台研究[J].包装工程,2017,38(2):1-7.ZHI Jin-yi,XIANG Ze-rui,LIANG Gang-yi.Visual Comprehensive Human Factors Simulation Analysis Platform for Rail Equipment[J].Packaging Engineering,2017,38(2):1-7.
[9]PATEL T,SANJOG J,KARMAKAR S.Ergonomics Perspective in Agricultural Research:a User-Centred Approach Using CAD and Digital Human Modeling(DHM)Technologies[J].Journal of the Institution of Engineers(India):Series A,2016,97(3):33-342.
[10]尹航.装载机驾驶舱人机工程改进设计研究[J].机械设计,2017(8):120-123.YIN Hang.Improving Design of Loader Cockpit through Ergonomics Analysis[J].Journal of Machine Design,2017(8):120-123.
[11]郝亮,解彪,王健,等.用户行为准则在军工产品造型设计中的应用[J].机械管理开发,2016(10):87-90.HAO Liang,XIE Biao,WANG Jian,et al.Application of the User Code of Conduct in the Military Industrial Product Modeling Design[J].Mechanical Management and Development,2016(10):87-90.
[12]曹文波.基于任务分析的人机界面设计[J].美术大观,2017(11):100-101.CAO Wen-bo.Design of Human-computer Interface on Task Analysis[J].Art Panorama,2017(11):100-101.
[13]DAVID F.Therbligs:the Keys to Simplifying Work[EB/OL].http://gilbrethnetwork.tripod.com/therbligs.html.
[14]NAOGHARE P M,MORE A R,PATIL S S.Value Analysis of a Rubber Hose Moulding and Assembly Line:a Case Study[J].International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology(IRJET),2017(4):1817-1820.
[15]吴志军,张映琪,唐超.用户行为导向的数控装备造型设计过程模型[J].机械设计,2017(7):105-109.WU Zhi-jun,ZHANG Ying-qi,TANG Chao.User Behavior Oriented CNC Modeling Design Process Model[J].Journal of Machine Design,2017(7):105-109.
[16]DREYFUSS H.Designing for People[J].Arts Education Policy Review,2003,61(2):32-33.
[17]GB/T 21935-2008,土方机械操纵的舒适区域与可及范围[S].GB/T 21935-2008,Earth Moving Machinery,Zones of Comfort and Reach for Controls[S].
[18]王建伟,张建敏.基于Jack的农机驾驶室人机工程学分析及仿真[J].农机化研究,2018,40(6):246-251.WANG Jian-wei,ZHANG Jian-min.Analysis and Simulation of Ergonomics of Agricultural Machinery Cab Based on Jack[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2018,40(6):246-251.
[19]王一甲,王余锐,金立生.基于人机工程的驾驶室舒适性设计与仿真研究[J].农机化研究,2016(12):247-253.WANG Yi-jia,WANG Yu-rui,JIN Li-sheng.Comfort Design and Simulation Study of Driving Cab Based on Ergonomics[J].Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research,2016(12):247-253.
[20]姜良奎,向泽锐,刘峰.无辅助抓握件地铁车内扶手布置设计研究[J].包装工程,2017,38(2):15-20.JIANG Liang-kui,XIANG Ze-rui,LIU Feng.Layout Design of Handrails without Assistive Handles for Metro Vehicles[J].Packaging Engineering,2017,38(2):15-20.