我国沿海地区重特大海洋动力灾害应对策略研究
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摘要
我国沿海地区是极端天气和气候事件易发频发区,也是重要的人口和经济聚集地。在全球气候变化背景下,风暴潮、海浪、海冰和海啸等海洋动力灾害的形成机理、发生规律、时空特征、损失程度呈现出新的特点,重特大海洋动力灾害对我国沿海地区造成的威胁不容忽视。文章阐述海洋动力灾害时空分布特征,在分析我国沿海地区应对海洋动力灾害现状基础上,提出我国沿海地区应对重特大海洋动力灾害的对策与建议:建议开展重特大海洋动力灾害防御相关立法研究,制订国家层面应对重特大海洋动力灾害专项应急预案,建立健全重特大海洋动力灾害保险风险补偿机制以及提升重特大海洋动力灾害科技支撑能力。
Coastal areas in China are prone to frequent natural disasters and also important population and economic centers.Under the background of global climate change,the mechanism,frequency,temporal and spatial patterns,and losses of coastal and marine dynamic disasters such as storm surges,waves,sea ice,and tsunami are showing new characteristics.The threat of major and severe coastal and marine dynamic disasters in coastal China can not be ignored.This paper elaborated the temporal and spatial distribution of coastal and marine dynamic disasters.Based on the analysis of the status quo of coastal China in response to coastal and marine dynamic disasters,the countermeasures and suggestions to against major and severe coastal and marine dynamic disasters were proposed,including carrying out research on relevant laws and regulations,formulating a national-level special emergency plan,establishing the insurance compensation mechanism system,and improving the science and technology support ability for major and severe coastal and marine dynamic disasters.
Coastal areas in China are prone to frequent natural disasters and also important population and economic centers.Under the background of global climate change,the mechanism,frequency,temporal and spatial patterns,and losses of coastal and marine dynamic disasters such as storm surges,waves,sea ice,and tsunami are showing new characteristics.The threat of major and severe coastal and marine dynamic disasters in coastal China can not be ignored.This paper elaborated the temporal and spatial distribution of coastal and marine dynamic disasters.Based on the analysis of the status quo of coastal China in response to coastal and marine dynamic disasters,the countermeasures and suggestions to against major and severe coastal and marine dynamic disasters were proposed,including carrying out research on relevant laws and regulations,formulating a national-level special emergency plan,establishing the insurance compensation mechanism system,and improving the science and technology support ability for major and severe coastal and marine dynamic disasters.
引文
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[4]李明,张韧,洪梅.基于加权贝叶斯网络的海洋灾害评估与管理[J].海洋开发与管理,2018,35(1):52-59.
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[8]方佳毅.气候变化下中国沿海地区极值水位人口与经济风险评估[D].北京:北京师范大学,2018.
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[11]国家海洋局海洋减灾中心.海洋灾害保险研究报告[R].北京:国家海洋局,2017.
[12]王锋.关于海洋灾害应急管理体系建设的思考[J].海洋开发与管理,2013,30(4):1-5.