武汉市快递自提点的空间格局与集聚模式研究
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摘要
互联网经济时代的线上交易推动着线下物流行业的快速发展,为解决快递"最后一公里"配送问题,快递自提点应运而生,成为地理学多维视角下新的研究关注点。论文基于武汉市13个市辖区的菜鸟驿站和中国邮政速递物流站点的POI数据,综合运用文本分析、空间分析等方法,探析武汉市快递自提点的组织形式、区位选址、空间格局与集聚模式。结果表明:①武汉市菜鸟驿站和邮政站点各自的依托方式和服务对象存在巨大差异,二者虽为竞争关系,却能达到优势互补;②80%的快递自提点出现在距离社区出入口200 m以内的范围,菜鸟站点较邮政站点更邻近社区;③受城市人口分布、用地类型、居民购买力等因素的影响,快递自提点空间分布不均衡,沿"东北—西南"轴线呈对称分布并延伸,密度自内圈向外圈呈跳跃式递减;④快递自提点在城市中心城区集聚,形成"中心热点区",在城市外围边缘地区离散,形成"边缘冷点区",整体呈现"隔江‘2+3’五核集聚模式",由菜鸟驿站的分布所主导;⑤快递自提点的分布与居民用地重合度高,但其数量在边缘居民区仍匮乏,其数量与各市辖区的面积和常住人口数量呈正相关。最后,论文提出了针对性的优化建议以及未来的研究方向。
In the era of Internet economy, e-commerce centering on online shopping has boomed, which also promotes the development of the logistics industry. In order to solve the distribution problem of the " last kilometer logistics," parcel collection and delivery points(CDPs) appeared and became a new research object in a multidimensional perspective of geography. Based on the point of interest(POI) data of the Cainiao Station and China Post in 13 municipal districts of Wuhan City, this study used the methods of text analysis, spatial analysis,among others to explore the organization form, location choice, spatial distribution, and agglomeration mode of the CDPs in the city. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Cainiao Station and China Post have very different supporting mechanisms and service targets, and they can play complementary roles despite of their competitive relationship. 2) Most of the Cainiao Station and China Post CDPs are located within 200 meters from the entrances and exits of communities, but those of Cainiao Station are located closer to the communities than China Post. 3) Affected by factors such as urban population distribution, land use type, and purchasing power of residents, the CDPs are unevenly distributed but they extend along the northeast-southwest symmetrical axis,with the density decreasing from the inner to the outer city. 4) The CDPs concentrate in the center of the city,forming a "hot spot area" while disperse in the periphery of the city, forming a "cold spot area," and their agglomeration mode is multiple cores, mainly affected by the aggregation of the Cainiao Station CDPs. 5) The CDPs are distributed on the residential land but their number is still small in the marginal residential areas, and the number is positively related to the size of municipal districts and the number of permanent residents. Finally,based on the above results, this article puts forward some countermeasures as well as the future prospects of research.
In the era of Internet economy, e-commerce centering on online shopping has boomed, which also promotes the development of the logistics industry. In order to solve the distribution problem of the " last kilometer logistics," parcel collection and delivery points(CDPs) appeared and became a new research object in a multidimensional perspective of geography. Based on the point of interest(POI) data of the Cainiao Station and China Post in 13 municipal districts of Wuhan City, this study used the methods of text analysis, spatial analysis,among others to explore the organization form, location choice, spatial distribution, and agglomeration mode of the CDPs in the city. The conclusions are as follows: 1) Cainiao Station and China Post have very different supporting mechanisms and service targets, and they can play complementary roles despite of their competitive relationship. 2) Most of the Cainiao Station and China Post CDPs are located within 200 meters from the entrances and exits of communities, but those of Cainiao Station are located closer to the communities than China Post. 3) Affected by factors such as urban population distribution, land use type, and purchasing power of residents, the CDPs are unevenly distributed but they extend along the northeast-southwest symmetrical axis,with the density decreasing from the inner to the outer city. 4) The CDPs concentrate in the center of the city,forming a "hot spot area" while disperse in the periphery of the city, forming a "cold spot area," and their agglomeration mode is multiple cores, mainly affected by the aggregation of the Cainiao Station CDPs. 5) The CDPs are distributed on the residential land but their number is still small in the marginal residential areas, and the number is positively related to the size of municipal districts and the number of permanent residents. Finally,based on the above results, this article puts forward some countermeasures as well as the future prospects of research.
引文
陈蔚珊,柳林,梁育填.2016.基于POI数据的广州零售商业中心热点识别与业态集聚特征分析[J].地理研究,35(4):703-716.[Chen W S,Liu L,Liang Y T.2016.Retail center recognition and spatial aggregating feature analysis of retail formats in Guangzhou based on POI data.Geographical Research,35(4):703-716.]
柴彦威,王恩宙.1997.时间地理学的基本概念与表示方法[J].经济地理,17(3):55-61.[Chai Y W,Wang E Z.1997.Basic concepts and notation of time-geography.Economic Geography,17(3):55-61.]
关雪峰,曾宇媚.2018.时空大数据背景下并行数据处理分析挖掘的进展及趋势[J].地理科学进展,37(10):1314-1327.[Guang X F,Zeng Y M.2018.Research progress and trends of parallel processing,analysis,and mining of big spatiotemporal data.Progress in Geography,37(10):1314-1327.]
何丹,金凤君,戴特奇,等.2017.北京市公共文化设施服务水平空间格局和特征[J].地理科学进展,36(9):1128-1139.[He D,Jin F J,Dai T Q,et al.2017.Spatial patterns and characteristics for service level of urban public cultural facilities in central Beijing.Progress in Geography,36(9):1128-1139.]
黄涛.2017.基于GIS的快递末端自提网点布局研究[D].西安:长安大学.[Huang T.2017.Study on the layout of express self-pickup network based on GIS.Xi'an,China:Chang'an University.]
李钢,杨兰,贺建雄,等.2018.基于POI数据的西安市快递自提点空间格局及空间关系研究:以菜鸟驿站为例[J].地理科学,38(12):2024-2030.[Li G,Yang L,He J X,et al.2018.The spatial pattern and organization relation of the pickup points based on POI data in Xi'an:focus on Cainiao stations.Scientia Geographica Sinica,38(12):2024-2030.]
李国旗,金凤君,陈娱.2015.基于物流热度的中国物流业空间格局[J].地理科学进展,34(5):629-637.[Li G Q,Jin FJ,Chen Y.2015.Spatial patterns of logistics industry based on a geographic analysis of hotness degree.Progress in Geography,34(5):629-637.]
李娜.2013.KB公司自提网点布局研究[D].北京:北京交通大学.[Li N.2013.Research on the layout of the self pick up points of KB company.Beijing,China:Beijing Jiaotong University.]
李细归,吴黎,吴清.2015.中国国家级生态示范区的时空格局演化[J].经济地理,35(8):149-156.[Li X G,Wu L,Wu Q.2015.The space-temporal pattern evolution of China's national ecological demonstration areas.Economic Geography,35(8):149-156.]
覃志豪.1983.现代人文地理学新趋势之一:行为地理学的兴起[J].经济地理,3(3):234-236.[Qin Z H.1983.One of the new trends in modern Human Geography:The rise of Behavioral Geography.Economic Geography,3(3):234-236.]
邱晗光,周愉峰.2018.基于嵌套Logit选择模型的城市配送自提柜选址-路径问题[J].计算机应用,38(2):582-588.[Qiu H G,Zhou Y F.2018.Reception box locating-vehicle routing problems in urban distribution based on nested logit model.Journal of Computer Applications,38(2):582-588.]
佘冰,朱欣焰,呙维,等.2013.基于空间点模式分析的城市管理事件空间分布及演化:以武汉市江汉区为例[J].地理科学进展,32(6):924-931.[She B,Zhu X Y,Guo W,et al.2013.Spatial distribution and evolution of city management events based on the spatial point pattern analysis:Acase study of Jianghan District,Wuhan City.Progress in Geography,32(6):924-931.]
沈体雁,周麟,王利伟,等.2015.服务业区位选择的交通网络指向研究:以北京城市中心区为例[J].地理科学进展,34(8):947-956.[Shen T Y,Zhou L,Wang L W,et al.2015.Traffic network point of services location choice:A case study of the central city area of Beijing.Progress in Geography,34(8):947-956.]
谭如诗,徐逸伦,陈栋,等.2016.城市居民快递自提行为空间研究:以南京市城区菜鸟驿站为例[J].世界地理研究,25(5):111-120.[Tan R S,Xu Y L,Chen D,et al.2016.Research on the spatial distribution of pickup points from the perspective of residents'behavior:A case study of Cainiao network pickup points in Nanjing.World Regional Studies,25(5):111-120.]
王成金,张梦天.2014.中国物流企业的布局特征与形成机制[J].地理科学进展,33(1):134-144.[Wang C J,Zhang M T.2014.Spatial pattern and its mechanism of modern logistics companies in China.Progress in Geography,33(1):134-144.]
王非.2011.物流地理学研究内容与趋势评述[J].人文地理,26(1):109-112,87.[Wang F.2011.A research on logistics geography and its trend.Human Geography,26(1):109-112,87.]
王劲峰,等.2006.空间分析[M].北京:科学出版社.[Wang JF,et al.2006.Spatial analysis.Beijing,China:Science Press.]
王开泳.2011.城市生活空间研究述评[J].地理科学进展,30(6):691-698.[Wang K Y.2011.Review and prospect of the researches on urban living space.Progress in Geography,30(6):691-698.]
王钊,杨山.2015.多中心城市区域城市蔓延冷热点格局及演化:以苏锡常地区为例[J].经济地理,35(7):59-65.[Wang Z,Yang S.2015.Evolution of cold-hot spot pattern of polycentric urban areas urban sprawl:A case study of Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou area,Economic Geography,35(7):59-65.]
温海涛,张召栋,曾文程.2008.中国BtoC电子商务便利店配送模式探索[J].中国市场,(10):30-32.[Wen H T,Zhang Z D,Zeng W C.2008.Study on B to C e-business distribution of convenience stores in China.China Market,(10):30-32.]
肖作鹏,柴彦威,张艳.2014.国内外生活圈规划研究与规划实践进展述评[J].规划师,30(10):89-95.[Xiao Z P,Chai Y W,Zhang Y,et al.2014.Overseas life circle planning and practice.Planners,30(10):89-95.]
谢保鹏,陈英,张文斌,等.2012.甘肃省县区单元城镇工矿用地经济密度区域差异及动态演变特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,26(11):12-19.[Xie B P,Chen Y,Zhang W B,et al.2012.Analysis on regional disparity and dynamic evolution characteristics of land economic density for town-industry in Gansu.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,26(11):12-19.]
禹文豪,艾廷华,刘鹏程,等.2015.设施POI分布热点分析的网络核密度估计方法[J].测绘学报,44(12):1378-1383.[Yu W H,Ai T H,Liu P C,et al.2015.Network kernel density estimation for the analysis of facility POI hotspots.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,44(12):1378-1383.]
张昕.2013.末端物流共同配送模式及决策路径:基于电商物流和社区服务的供需分析[J].财经问题研究,(3):123-129.[Zhang X.2013.Joint distribution patterns and decision-making paths for terminal logistics:Based on supply and demand analysis of electric business logistics and community service.Research on Financial and Economic Issues,(3):123-129.]
张智,肖作鹏.2017.基于大数据的电商物流末端配送网点空间分布分析:以深圳市为例[J].城市观察,(1):73-81.[Zhang Z,Xiao Z P.2017.Using big data to analyze the spatial distribution of e-tailing-related final delivery facilities:The case of Shenzhen,China.Urban Insight,(1):73-81.]
Baldi M M,Manerba D,Perboli G,et al.2018.A generalized bin packing problem for parcel delivery in last-mile logistics[J].European Journal of Operational Research,274(3):990-999.
Browne M,Anderson S,Allen J,et al.2001.Overview of home deliveries in the UK[R].Westminster,UK:University of Westminster and the Freight Transport Association.
Kedia A,Kusumastuti D,Nicholson A.2017.Acceptability of collection and delivery points from consumers'perspective:A qualitative case study of Christchurch City[J].Case Studies on Transport Policy,5(4):587-595.
Morganti E,Seidel S,Blanquart C,et al.2014.The impact of e-commerce on final deliveries:Alternative parcel delivery services in France and Germany[J].Transportation Research Procedia,4(1):178-190.
Moroz M,Polkowski Z.2016.The last mile issue and urban logistics:Choosing parcel machines in the context of the ecological attitudes of the Y generation consumers purchasing online[J].Transportation Research Procedia,16:378-393.
Punakivi M,Yrj?l?H,Holmstr?m J.2001.Solving the last mile issue:Reception box or delivery box?[J].International Journal of Physical Distribution&Logistics Management,31(6):427-439.
Sakai T,Kawamura K,Hyodo T.2019.Evaluation of the spatial pattern of logistics facilities using urban logistics landuse and traffic simulator[J].Journal of Transport Geography,74(1):145-160.
Tobler W R.1970.A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region[J].Economic Geography,46(2):234-240.
Zenezini G,Lagorio A,Pinto R,et al.2018.The collectionand-delivery points implementation process from the courier,express and parcel operator's perspective[J].IFAC-PapersOnLine,51(11):594-599.
柴彦威,王恩宙.1997.时间地理学的基本概念与表示方法[J].经济地理,17(3):55-61.[Chai Y W,Wang E Z.1997.Basic concepts and notation of time-geography.Economic Geography,17(3):55-61.]
关雪峰,曾宇媚.2018.时空大数据背景下并行数据处理分析挖掘的进展及趋势[J].地理科学进展,37(10):1314-1327.[Guang X F,Zeng Y M.2018.Research progress and trends of parallel processing,analysis,and mining of big spatiotemporal data.Progress in Geography,37(10):1314-1327.]
何丹,金凤君,戴特奇,等.2017.北京市公共文化设施服务水平空间格局和特征[J].地理科学进展,36(9):1128-1139.[He D,Jin F J,Dai T Q,et al.2017.Spatial patterns and characteristics for service level of urban public cultural facilities in central Beijing.Progress in Geography,36(9):1128-1139.]
黄涛.2017.基于GIS的快递末端自提网点布局研究[D].西安:长安大学.[Huang T.2017.Study on the layout of express self-pickup network based on GIS.Xi'an,China:Chang'an University.]
李钢,杨兰,贺建雄,等.2018.基于POI数据的西安市快递自提点空间格局及空间关系研究:以菜鸟驿站为例[J].地理科学,38(12):2024-2030.[Li G,Yang L,He J X,et al.2018.The spatial pattern and organization relation of the pickup points based on POI data in Xi'an:focus on Cainiao stations.Scientia Geographica Sinica,38(12):2024-2030.]
李国旗,金凤君,陈娱.2015.基于物流热度的中国物流业空间格局[J].地理科学进展,34(5):629-637.[Li G Q,Jin FJ,Chen Y.2015.Spatial patterns of logistics industry based on a geographic analysis of hotness degree.Progress in Geography,34(5):629-637.]
李娜.2013.KB公司自提网点布局研究[D].北京:北京交通大学.[Li N.2013.Research on the layout of the self pick up points of KB company.Beijing,China:Beijing Jiaotong University.]
李细归,吴黎,吴清.2015.中国国家级生态示范区的时空格局演化[J].经济地理,35(8):149-156.[Li X G,Wu L,Wu Q.2015.The space-temporal pattern evolution of China's national ecological demonstration areas.Economic Geography,35(8):149-156.]
覃志豪.1983.现代人文地理学新趋势之一:行为地理学的兴起[J].经济地理,3(3):234-236.[Qin Z H.1983.One of the new trends in modern Human Geography:The rise of Behavioral Geography.Economic Geography,3(3):234-236.]
邱晗光,周愉峰.2018.基于嵌套Logit选择模型的城市配送自提柜选址-路径问题[J].计算机应用,38(2):582-588.[Qiu H G,Zhou Y F.2018.Reception box locating-vehicle routing problems in urban distribution based on nested logit model.Journal of Computer Applications,38(2):582-588.]
佘冰,朱欣焰,呙维,等.2013.基于空间点模式分析的城市管理事件空间分布及演化:以武汉市江汉区为例[J].地理科学进展,32(6):924-931.[She B,Zhu X Y,Guo W,et al.2013.Spatial distribution and evolution of city management events based on the spatial point pattern analysis:Acase study of Jianghan District,Wuhan City.Progress in Geography,32(6):924-931.]
沈体雁,周麟,王利伟,等.2015.服务业区位选择的交通网络指向研究:以北京城市中心区为例[J].地理科学进展,34(8):947-956.[Shen T Y,Zhou L,Wang L W,et al.2015.Traffic network point of services location choice:A case study of the central city area of Beijing.Progress in Geography,34(8):947-956.]
谭如诗,徐逸伦,陈栋,等.2016.城市居民快递自提行为空间研究:以南京市城区菜鸟驿站为例[J].世界地理研究,25(5):111-120.[Tan R S,Xu Y L,Chen D,et al.2016.Research on the spatial distribution of pickup points from the perspective of residents'behavior:A case study of Cainiao network pickup points in Nanjing.World Regional Studies,25(5):111-120.]
王成金,张梦天.2014.中国物流企业的布局特征与形成机制[J].地理科学进展,33(1):134-144.[Wang C J,Zhang M T.2014.Spatial pattern and its mechanism of modern logistics companies in China.Progress in Geography,33(1):134-144.]
王非.2011.物流地理学研究内容与趋势评述[J].人文地理,26(1):109-112,87.[Wang F.2011.A research on logistics geography and its trend.Human Geography,26(1):109-112,87.]
王劲峰,等.2006.空间分析[M].北京:科学出版社.[Wang JF,et al.2006.Spatial analysis.Beijing,China:Science Press.]
王开泳.2011.城市生活空间研究述评[J].地理科学进展,30(6):691-698.[Wang K Y.2011.Review and prospect of the researches on urban living space.Progress in Geography,30(6):691-698.]
王钊,杨山.2015.多中心城市区域城市蔓延冷热点格局及演化:以苏锡常地区为例[J].经济地理,35(7):59-65.[Wang Z,Yang S.2015.Evolution of cold-hot spot pattern of polycentric urban areas urban sprawl:A case study of Suzhou-Wuxi-Changzhou area,Economic Geography,35(7):59-65.]
温海涛,张召栋,曾文程.2008.中国BtoC电子商务便利店配送模式探索[J].中国市场,(10):30-32.[Wen H T,Zhang Z D,Zeng W C.2008.Study on B to C e-business distribution of convenience stores in China.China Market,(10):30-32.]
肖作鹏,柴彦威,张艳.2014.国内外生活圈规划研究与规划实践进展述评[J].规划师,30(10):89-95.[Xiao Z P,Chai Y W,Zhang Y,et al.2014.Overseas life circle planning and practice.Planners,30(10):89-95.]
谢保鹏,陈英,张文斌,等.2012.甘肃省县区单元城镇工矿用地经济密度区域差异及动态演变特征分析[J].干旱区资源与环境,26(11):12-19.[Xie B P,Chen Y,Zhang W B,et al.2012.Analysis on regional disparity and dynamic evolution characteristics of land economic density for town-industry in Gansu.Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,26(11):12-19.]
禹文豪,艾廷华,刘鹏程,等.2015.设施POI分布热点分析的网络核密度估计方法[J].测绘学报,44(12):1378-1383.[Yu W H,Ai T H,Liu P C,et al.2015.Network kernel density estimation for the analysis of facility POI hotspots.Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica,44(12):1378-1383.]
张昕.2013.末端物流共同配送模式及决策路径:基于电商物流和社区服务的供需分析[J].财经问题研究,(3):123-129.[Zhang X.2013.Joint distribution patterns and decision-making paths for terminal logistics:Based on supply and demand analysis of electric business logistics and community service.Research on Financial and Economic Issues,(3):123-129.]
张智,肖作鹏.2017.基于大数据的电商物流末端配送网点空间分布分析:以深圳市为例[J].城市观察,(1):73-81.[Zhang Z,Xiao Z P.2017.Using big data to analyze the spatial distribution of e-tailing-related final delivery facilities:The case of Shenzhen,China.Urban Insight,(1):73-81.]
Baldi M M,Manerba D,Perboli G,et al.2018.A generalized bin packing problem for parcel delivery in last-mile logistics[J].European Journal of Operational Research,274(3):990-999.
Browne M,Anderson S,Allen J,et al.2001.Overview of home deliveries in the UK[R].Westminster,UK:University of Westminster and the Freight Transport Association.
Kedia A,Kusumastuti D,Nicholson A.2017.Acceptability of collection and delivery points from consumers'perspective:A qualitative case study of Christchurch City[J].Case Studies on Transport Policy,5(4):587-595.
Morganti E,Seidel S,Blanquart C,et al.2014.The impact of e-commerce on final deliveries:Alternative parcel delivery services in France and Germany[J].Transportation Research Procedia,4(1):178-190.
Moroz M,Polkowski Z.2016.The last mile issue and urban logistics:Choosing parcel machines in the context of the ecological attitudes of the Y generation consumers purchasing online[J].Transportation Research Procedia,16:378-393.
Punakivi M,Yrj?l?H,Holmstr?m J.2001.Solving the last mile issue:Reception box or delivery box?[J].International Journal of Physical Distribution&Logistics Management,31(6):427-439.
Sakai T,Kawamura K,Hyodo T.2019.Evaluation of the spatial pattern of logistics facilities using urban logistics landuse and traffic simulator[J].Journal of Transport Geography,74(1):145-160.
Tobler W R.1970.A computer movie simulating urban growth in the Detroit region[J].Economic Geography,46(2):234-240.
Zenezini G,Lagorio A,Pinto R,et al.2018.The collectionand-delivery points implementation process from the courier,express and parcel operator's perspective[J].IFAC-PapersOnLine,51(11):594-599.