基于广域信息的直流连续换相失败紧急控制方法
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摘要
由于输送功率连续性骤降导致发电机累积加速面积大于减速面积,高压直流连续换相失败故障可能造成送端电网机组相对功角失稳。在广域测量系统中接入直流控保系统的换相失败信号,由电源管理单元采集信息进行临界机群的识别和单机无穷大OMIB系统的等值。采用"在线预决策、实时匹配"的方案,通过OMIB发电机功角特性分析,认为可在预决策计算中确定OMIB发电机临界角度和角速度,在线判断等值发电机角度和角速度是否超过临界值,如超过则匹配相应的预决策控制策略进行控制,避免了单纯依靠轨迹外推预测稳定性和控制决策的可靠性问题。"三华"交直流混联电网的算例分析验证了提出方法的实用性和有效性。
The continuous sharp-reduction of transmission power will cause the generator's cumulative accelerating area to be larger than its decelerating area,and the continuous commutation failure of high-voltage direct current(DC)may result in relative power-angle instability of grid cluster at the sending terminal. In this paper,commutation failuresignals of a DC control and protection system are connected into the wide area measurement system(WAMS),and theidentification of critical cluster and the equivalence of one machine infinite bus(OMIB)system can be carried out us-ing information collected by phasor measurement unit(PMU). Using the"Online pre decision-making,real-time match-ing"scheme and through the analysis of power-angle characteristics of an OMIB generator,it is considered that the critical angle and the angular velocity of the generator can be determined by calculations in pre decision-making,andwhether the equivalent generator's angle and angular velocity exceed the critical values can be judged on-line;in thecase of larger angles and velocities,the corresponding pre decision-making strategy will be matched. In this way,thestability problem of prediction method that simply relies on trajectory extrapolation and the reliability problem of controldecision-making can be avoided. The effectiveness and feasibility of this method is verified by simulation results of a nu-merical example,i.e.,"Sanhua"AC/DC interconnected power grid.
The continuous sharp-reduction of transmission power will cause the generator's cumulative accelerating area to be larger than its decelerating area,and the continuous commutation failure of high-voltage direct current(DC)may result in relative power-angle instability of grid cluster at the sending terminal. In this paper,commutation failuresignals of a DC control and protection system are connected into the wide area measurement system(WAMS),and theidentification of critical cluster and the equivalence of one machine infinite bus(OMIB)system can be carried out us-ing information collected by phasor measurement unit(PMU). Using the"Online pre decision-making,real-time match-ing"scheme and through the analysis of power-angle characteristics of an OMIB generator,it is considered that the critical angle and the angular velocity of the generator can be determined by calculations in pre decision-making,andwhether the equivalent generator's angle and angular velocity exceed the critical values can be judged on-line;in thecase of larger angles and velocities,the corresponding pre decision-making strategy will be matched. In this way,thestability problem of prediction method that simply relies on trajectory extrapolation and the reliability problem of controldecision-making can be avoided. The effectiveness and feasibility of this method is verified by simulation results of a nu-merical example,i.e.,"Sanhua"AC/DC interconnected power grid.
引文
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[10]彭疆南,孙元章,程林(Peng Jiangnan,Sun Yuanzhang,Cheng Lin).基于受扰轨迹的紧急控制新方法(A novelapproach for transient stability emergency control basedon perturbed trajectory)[J].电力系统自动化(Automa-tion of Electric Power Systems),2002,26(21):17-22.
[11]滕林,刘万顺,貟志皓,等(Teng Lin,Liu Wanshun,YunZhihao,et al).电力系统暂态稳定实时紧急控制的研究(Study of real-time power system transient stability emer-gency control)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings ofthe CSEE),2003,23(1):64-69.
[12]顾卓远,汤涌,张健,等(Gu Zhuoyuan,Tang Yong,ZhangJian,et al).基于相对动能的电力系统暂态稳定实时紧急控制方案(Real-time power system transient stabilityemergency control scheme based on the relative kineticenergy)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of theCSEE),2014,34(7):1095-1102.
[13]吴为,汤涌,孙华东(Wu Wei,Tang Yong,Sun Huadong).基于系统加速能量的切机控制措施量化研究(Quantitative research of generation capacity tripped based on acceleration energy of power system)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2014,34(34):6134-6140.
[14]薛禹胜,徐伟,Dong Z Y,等(Xue Yusheng,Xu Wei,Dong Z Y,et al).关于广域测量系统及广域控制保护系统的评述(A review of wide area measurement system and wide area control system)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2007,31(15):1-5,16.
[15]薛禹胜.运动稳定性理论-非线性非自治多刚体系统的稳定性分析[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1999.
[16]徐泰山,许剑冰,鲍颜红,等(Xu Taishan,Xu Jianbing,Bao Yanhong,et al).互联电网预防控制和紧急控制在线预决策系统(On-line pre-decision based preventive and emergency control system for interconnected power grids)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2006,30(7):1-4.
[2]张文亮,于永清,李光范,等(Zhang Wenliang,Yu Yong-qing,Li Guangfan,et al).特高压直流技术研究(Re-searches on UHVDC technology)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2007,27(22):1-7.
[3]王春明,刘兵(Wang Chunming,Liu Bing).区域互联多回直流换相失败对送端系统的影响(Affects of commu-tation failure in multi-circuit HVDC transmission systeminterconnecting regional power grids on AC power systemat sending end)[J].电网技术(Power System Technolo-gy),2013,37(4):1052-1057.
[4]朱艳,王渝红,丁志林,等(Zhu Yan,Wang Yuhong,DingZhilin,et al).小波能量偏度神经网络的HVDC换相失败故障诊断(Fault diagnosis of commutation failures inHVDC system based on neural network of wavelet energyskewness)[J].电力系统及其自动化学报(Proceedings ofthe CSU-EPSA),2017,29(2):39-44.
[5] Rahimi E,Gole A M,Davies J B,et al. Commutation fail-ure analysis in multi-infeed HVDC systems[J]. IEEE Transon Power Delivery,2011,26(1):378-384.
[6]何剑,张健,郭强,等(He Jian,Zhang Jian,Guo Qiang,et al).直流换相失败冲击下的两区域交流联络线功率波动峰值计算(Peak value calculation of power oscillationon AC tie-line for two-area interconnected power systemscaused by HVDC commutation failure)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2015,35(4):804-810.
[7]吴萍,张健,屠竞哲,等(Wu Ping,Zhang Jian,Tu Jing-zhe,et al).溪洛渡-浙西特高压直流投运后系统稳定特性及协调控制策略(Stability characteristics and coordi-nated control strategy of grid-integrated UHVDC transmis-sion line from Xiluodu to Zhexi)[J].电网技术(Power Sys-tem Technology),2014,38(7):1873-1878.
[8]王建明,孙华东,张健,等(Wang Jianming,Sun Hua-dong,Zhang Jian,et al).锦屏-苏南特高压直流投运后电网的稳定特性及协调控制策略(Stability characteris-tics and coordinated control strategy of interconnectedgrid integrated with UHVDC transmission line from Jin-ping to Sunan)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2012,36(12):66-70.
[9]李新年,易俊,李柏青,等(Li Xinnian,Yi Jun,Li Baiq-ing,et al).直流输电系统换相失败仿真分析及运行情况统计(Simulation analysis and operation statistics ofcommutation failure in HVDC transmission system)[J].电网技术(Power System Technology),2012,36(6):266-271.
[10]彭疆南,孙元章,程林(Peng Jiangnan,Sun Yuanzhang,Cheng Lin).基于受扰轨迹的紧急控制新方法(A novelapproach for transient stability emergency control basedon perturbed trajectory)[J].电力系统自动化(Automa-tion of Electric Power Systems),2002,26(21):17-22.
[11]滕林,刘万顺,貟志皓,等(Teng Lin,Liu Wanshun,YunZhihao,et al).电力系统暂态稳定实时紧急控制的研究(Study of real-time power system transient stability emer-gency control)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings ofthe CSEE),2003,23(1):64-69.
[12]顾卓远,汤涌,张健,等(Gu Zhuoyuan,Tang Yong,ZhangJian,et al).基于相对动能的电力系统暂态稳定实时紧急控制方案(Real-time power system transient stabilityemergency control scheme based on the relative kineticenergy)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of theCSEE),2014,34(7):1095-1102.
[13]吴为,汤涌,孙华东(Wu Wei,Tang Yong,Sun Huadong).基于系统加速能量的切机控制措施量化研究(Quantitative research of generation capacity tripped based on acceleration energy of power system)[J].中国电机工程学报(Proceedings of the CSEE),2014,34(34):6134-6140.
[14]薛禹胜,徐伟,Dong Z Y,等(Xue Yusheng,Xu Wei,Dong Z Y,et al).关于广域测量系统及广域控制保护系统的评述(A review of wide area measurement system and wide area control system)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2007,31(15):1-5,16.
[15]薛禹胜.运动稳定性理论-非线性非自治多刚体系统的稳定性分析[M].南京:江苏科学技术出版社,1999.
[16]徐泰山,许剑冰,鲍颜红,等(Xu Taishan,Xu Jianbing,Bao Yanhong,et al).互联电网预防控制和紧急控制在线预决策系统(On-line pre-decision based preventive and emergency control system for interconnected power grids)[J].电力系统自动化(Automation of Electric Power Systems),2006,30(7):1-4.