Malinowski语境论下的《生死疲劳》误译研究
|
摘要
现代语境论鼻祖Malinowski提出了语境"三元论",即"文化语境""情景语境""上下文语境"。通过关照三种语境的共同制约作用,可提高译文准确性,减少误译、信息偏离及信息损耗。本文通过细读文本,发现葛浩文译《生死疲劳》中的误译类型主要有3种:(1)由于译者对源文本词汇背景文化了解不够充分,误解词语意思而造成的误译;(2)译者缺乏语篇内容分析、对情景语境把握不足而造成的误译;(3)译者疏忽而导致数量、称呼上的纰漏、前后不一致等细节错误。文章尝试通过语境"三元论"试译《生死疲劳》中的错误译文,期望能够对中国文学作品在西方的有效传播提供借鉴。
Howard Goldblatt is the most noted and the most productive English translator of modern Chinese novels.However,by careful reading and analysis of Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out written by the first Chinese Nobel Prize writer Mo Yan,three categories of mistranslations in this novel are discovered:1) the mistranslation caused by the translator's lack of thorough understanding of the cultural background in the source language;2) the mistranslation caused by lack of discourse analysis and insufficient grasp of the situational context;3) the mistranslation caused by negligence of numbers,names,consistence and other detailed errors.Malinowski,the founder of modern context theory,put forward the triarchic theory of contexts,which are "the context of culture","the situational context" and "co-text".By catering to the co-working of the three types of contexts,we can improve the accuracy of the translation as well as reducing information deviation and loss.Meanwhile,this paper aims to re-translate the mistranslations in Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out by employing the triarchic theory of contexts,thus hopefully it can provide some meaningful references to the further development and transmission of Chinese literature in the western countries.
Howard Goldblatt is the most noted and the most productive English translator of modern Chinese novels.However,by careful reading and analysis of Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out written by the first Chinese Nobel Prize writer Mo Yan,three categories of mistranslations in this novel are discovered:1) the mistranslation caused by the translator's lack of thorough understanding of the cultural background in the source language;2) the mistranslation caused by lack of discourse analysis and insufficient grasp of the situational context;3) the mistranslation caused by negligence of numbers,names,consistence and other detailed errors.Malinowski,the founder of modern context theory,put forward the triarchic theory of contexts,which are "the context of culture","the situational context" and "co-text".By catering to the co-working of the three types of contexts,we can improve the accuracy of the translation as well as reducing information deviation and loss.Meanwhile,this paper aims to re-translate the mistranslations in Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out by employing the triarchic theory of contexts,thus hopefully it can provide some meaningful references to the further development and transmission of Chinese literature in the western countries.
引文
[1]Catford J C.A Linguistic Theory of Translation:An Essay in Applied Linguistics[M].London:Oxford University Press,1965.
[2]Halliday M A K.Language as Social Semiotic:The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning[M].London:Edward Arnold,1978.
[3]Malinowski B.The problem of meaning in primitive languages[C]//Ogden C K&Richards I A.The Meaning of Meaning.London:Routledge and Kegan Paul,1923:296~336.
[4]Malinowski B.Coral Gardens and Their Magic(II):The Language and Magic of Gardening[M].London/New York:Routledge,1935.
[5]Mo Yan.Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out:A Novel[M].Goldblatt H(Trans).New York:Arcade Publishing,2008.
[6]Newmark P.Approaches to Translation[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1982.
[7]甘露.葛浩文的翻译诗学研究--以《红高粱家族》英译本为例[J].上海翻译,2017(1):21~26.
[8]葛浩文,潘佳宁.关于中国现当代文学在美国的几点看法[J].当代作家评论,2014(3):188~192.
[9]巩湘红,常晨光.系统功能语言学语境思想述评[J].烟台大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2011(4):116~120.
[10]顾俊玲.误译哲学溯因[J].中国科技翻译,2013(04):37~40.
[11]胡安江.中国文学“走出去”之译者模式及翻译策略研究--以美国汉学家葛浩文为例[J].中国翻译,2010(6):10~16,92.
[12]吕敏宏.手中放飞的风筝[D].南开大学,2010.
[13]莫言.生死疲劳[M].北京:作家出版社,2006.
[14]彭利元.走出扶手椅,迈向田野--马林诺夫斯基语境论发展评析[J].外语与外语教学,2008(9):55~58.
[15]邵璐.莫言《生死疲劳》英译中隐义明示法的运用:翻译文体学视角[J].外语教学,2013(2):100~104.
[16]宋庆伟.葛译莫言小说方言误译探析[J].中国翻译,2015(3):95~98.
[17]张森,张世瑾.葛译《生死疲劳》中的误译现象与中国文化译介策略[J].河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(5):111~116.
[18]张学英,张会.汉英·英汉习语大全[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[19]朱振武,覃爱蓉.借帆出海:也说葛浩文的“误译”[J].外国语文,2014(6):110~115.
(1)有学者指出,Malinowski“三元论”语境观虽然提出“文化语境”“情景语境”和“上下文语境”概念,但在概念界定方面并没有表达得很清楚。笔者对此表示赞同,在借用Malinowski“三元论”语境观理论时,采用“主要考量因素”原则,即研究误译主要违反了哪一种语境,这不代表可以完全忽略其他两种语境,而是暂时不将其作为主要考量因素。
(2)http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=n1nSjYWk5SNd_arU62m1LVwzx0C-pdWx17wRFMILTRr2iAqMI2VvnNeLlV5sgz71VQWpl7enpBA0gwN6hRgbYLac-ka_lIQLMTEDrSwtwLmX_6XEL2Xv3vgep37y5ki0
[2]Halliday M A K.Language as Social Semiotic:The Social Interpretation of Language and Meaning[M].London:Edward Arnold,1978.
[3]Malinowski B.The problem of meaning in primitive languages[C]//Ogden C K&Richards I A.The Meaning of Meaning.London:Routledge and Kegan Paul,1923:296~336.
[4]Malinowski B.Coral Gardens and Their Magic(II):The Language and Magic of Gardening[M].London/New York:Routledge,1935.
[5]Mo Yan.Life and Death Are Wearing Me Out:A Novel[M].Goldblatt H(Trans).New York:Arcade Publishing,2008.
[6]Newmark P.Approaches to Translation[M].Oxford:Pergamon Press,1982.
[7]甘露.葛浩文的翻译诗学研究--以《红高粱家族》英译本为例[J].上海翻译,2017(1):21~26.
[8]葛浩文,潘佳宁.关于中国现当代文学在美国的几点看法[J].当代作家评论,2014(3):188~192.
[9]巩湘红,常晨光.系统功能语言学语境思想述评[J].烟台大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2011(4):116~120.
[10]顾俊玲.误译哲学溯因[J].中国科技翻译,2013(04):37~40.
[11]胡安江.中国文学“走出去”之译者模式及翻译策略研究--以美国汉学家葛浩文为例[J].中国翻译,2010(6):10~16,92.
[12]吕敏宏.手中放飞的风筝[D].南开大学,2010.
[13]莫言.生死疲劳[M].北京:作家出版社,2006.
[14]彭利元.走出扶手椅,迈向田野--马林诺夫斯基语境论发展评析[J].外语与外语教学,2008(9):55~58.
[15]邵璐.莫言《生死疲劳》英译中隐义明示法的运用:翻译文体学视角[J].外语教学,2013(2):100~104.
[16]宋庆伟.葛译莫言小说方言误译探析[J].中国翻译,2015(3):95~98.
[17]张森,张世瑾.葛译《生死疲劳》中的误译现象与中国文化译介策略[J].河北大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2016(5):111~116.
[18]张学英,张会.汉英·英汉习语大全[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2005.
[19]朱振武,覃爱蓉.借帆出海:也说葛浩文的“误译”[J].外国语文,2014(6):110~115.
(1)有学者指出,Malinowski“三元论”语境观虽然提出“文化语境”“情景语境”和“上下文语境”概念,但在概念界定方面并没有表达得很清楚。笔者对此表示赞同,在借用Malinowski“三元论”语境观理论时,采用“主要考量因素”原则,即研究误译主要违反了哪一种语境,这不代表可以完全忽略其他两种语境,而是暂时不将其作为主要考量因素。
(2)http://baike.baidu.com/link?url=n1nSjYWk5SNd_arU62m1LVwzx0C-pdWx17wRFMILTRr2iAqMI2VvnNeLlV5sgz71VQWpl7enpBA0gwN6hRgbYLac-ka_lIQLMTEDrSwtwLmX_6XEL2Xv3vgep37y5ki0