预制坡口角度对激光增材再制造IN718合金组织与性能的影响
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摘要
目的研究在激光增材再制造IN718合金过程中,不同预制坡口角度对其组织与性能的影响。方法利用激光增材再制造技术对不同预制凹槽进行逐层叠加修复,采用光学显微镜观察显微组织,采用扫描电镜观察断口形貌,采用维氏硬度计对再制造试样进行硬度测量,采用残余应力测试仪测量再制造后基体表面的残余应力,采用万能拉伸试验机进行拉伸力学性能测试。结果当预制坡口角度大于130°时,能得到无组织缺陷、成形质量良好的增材再制造试样;当预制坡口角度小于110°时,修复界面会出现熔合不良现象,且修复区内部会出现裂纹。预制大的坡口角度进行激光增材再制造试验能获得组织更加细密、硬度分布更为均匀的再制造层,且大的坡口角度能有效降低再制造试样基体的残余应力。增大坡口角度有助于提高再制造试样的塑性,随着坡口角度的减小,再制造试样的力学性能变差。结论在进行激光增材再制造试验时,不宜预制过小的坡口角度,应根据损伤情况预制坡口角度较大的凹槽,有助于增加再制造成形件的组织均匀性,提高其力学性能。
The work aims to investigate the influence of different pre-fabricated groove angles on the microstructure and properties of laser additive remanufactured IN718 alloy. The pre-fabricated grooves were repaired layer by layer by laser additive remanufacturing technology. The microstructure and fracture morphology of the remanufactured samples were observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The hardness, residual stress and tensile mechanical properties of the remanufactured samples were measured by Vickers hardness tester, residual stress tester and universal tensile tester,respectively. When the pre-fabricated groove angle was greater than 130°, the additive remanufactured samples without structural defects and good forming quality could be obtained. When the pre-fabricated groove angle was lower than 110°, the fusion interface might be poorly fused, and cracking might occur on the repaired area. The pre-fabricated larger groove angle could obtain remanufactured samples with finer structure and more uniform hardness distribution during laser additive remanufacturing experiment, and the larger groove angle could reduce the residual stress of the remanufactured sample matrix. Increasing the groove angle could significantly improve the plasticity of the remanufactured samples. As the groove angle decreased,the mechanical properties of the remanufactured samples deteriorated. During the laser additive remanufacturing process, it is not suitable to pre-fabricate too small groove angle, the groove with larger groove angle should be pre-fabricated according to the damage condition, which is beneficial to improving the uniformity and mechanical properties of the remanufactured sample.
The work aims to investigate the influence of different pre-fabricated groove angles on the microstructure and properties of laser additive remanufactured IN718 alloy. The pre-fabricated grooves were repaired layer by layer by laser additive remanufacturing technology. The microstructure and fracture morphology of the remanufactured samples were observed by optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy, respectively. The hardness, residual stress and tensile mechanical properties of the remanufactured samples were measured by Vickers hardness tester, residual stress tester and universal tensile tester,respectively. When the pre-fabricated groove angle was greater than 130°, the additive remanufactured samples without structural defects and good forming quality could be obtained. When the pre-fabricated groove angle was lower than 110°, the fusion interface might be poorly fused, and cracking might occur on the repaired area. The pre-fabricated larger groove angle could obtain remanufactured samples with finer structure and more uniform hardness distribution during laser additive remanufacturing experiment, and the larger groove angle could reduce the residual stress of the remanufactured sample matrix. Increasing the groove angle could significantly improve the plasticity of the remanufactured samples. As the groove angle decreased,the mechanical properties of the remanufactured samples deteriorated. During the laser additive remanufacturing process, it is not suitable to pre-fabricate too small groove angle, the groove with larger groove angle should be pre-fabricated according to the damage condition, which is beneficial to improving the uniformity and mechanical properties of the remanufactured sample.
引文
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[2]赵卫卫,林鑫,刘奋成,等.热处理对激光立体成形Inconel718高温合金组织和力学性能的影响[J].中国激光,2009,36(12):3220-3225.ZHAO Wei-wei,LIN Xin,LIU Fen-cheng,et al.Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser solid forming Inconel 718 superalloy[J].Chinese journal of lasers,2009,36(12):3220-3225.
[3]JOHNSON A S,SHAO S,SHAMSAEI N,et al.Microstructure,fatigue behavior,and failure mechanisms of direct laser deposited Inconel 718[J].The journal of the minerals,metals&materials society,2017,69(3):597-603.
[4]ZHAOX,CHEN J,LIN X,et al.Study on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser rapid forming Inconel718[J].Materials science&engineering A,2008,478(1):119-124.
[5]KUMAR L J,NAIR C G K.Laser metal deposition repair applications for Inconel 718 alloy[J].Materials today proceedings,2017,4(10):11068-11077.
[6]PETRAT T,GRAF B,GUMENYUK A,et al.Laser metal deposition as repair technology for a gas turbine burner made of Inconel 718[J].Physics procedia,2016,83:761-768.
[7]徐滨士,董世运,朱胜,等.再制造成形技术发展及展望[J].机械工程学报,2012,48(15):96-105.XU Bin-shi,DONG Shi-yun,ZHU Sheng,et al.Prospects and developing of remanufacture forming technology[J].Journal of mechanical engineering,2012,48(15):96-105.
[8]WANG M,LIN X,HUANG W.Laser additive manufacture of titanium alloys[J].Materials&processing report,2015,31(2):90-97.
[9]SCHMIDTKE K,PALM F,HAWKINS A,et al.Process and mechanical properties:Applicability of a scandium modified Al-alloy for laser additive manufacturing[J].Physics procedia,2011,12(1):369-374.
[10]王志坚.装备零件激光再制造成形零件几何特征及成形精度控制研究[D].广州:华南理工大学,2011.WANG Zhi-jian.Research of geometric characteristics and shaping control of formed structure in laser remanufacturing equipment parts[D].Guangzhou:South China University of Technology,2011.
[11]卞宏友,董文启,王世杰,等.GH4169薄壁零件表面损伤的激光沉积修复试验研究[J].中国激光,2016,43(10):90-96.BIAN Hong-you,DONG Wen-qi,WANG Shi-jie,et al.Experimental study on laser deposition repair of surface damage of GH4169 thin-walled components[J].Chinese journal of lasers,2016,43(10):90-96.
[12]SONG J,DENG Q,CHEN C,et al.Rebuilding of metal components with laser cladding forming[J].Applied surface science,2006,252(22):7934-7940.
[13]赵剑峰,成诚,谢得巧,等.激光修复GH4169镍基高温合金的高温拉伸性能[J].中国激光,2016,43(8):167-172.ZHAO Jian-feng,CHENG Cheng,XIE De-qiao,et al.Hightemperature tensile property of GH4169 nickel-based superalloys by laser repair[J].Chinese journal of lasers,2016,43(8):167-172.
[14]罗登,路媛媛,郭溪溪,等.单晶高温合金V槽的激光修复工艺研究[J].中国激光,2016,43(5):31-37.LUO Deng,LU Yuan-yuan,GUO Xi-xi,et al.Laser repairing process of V-groove in single-crystal superalloy[J].Chinese journal of lasers,2016,43(5):31-37.
[15]俞照辉,李东.侧向送丝不锈钢光纤激光熔覆技术研究[J].热加工工艺,2015,44(24):134-137.YU Zhao-hui,LI Dong.Investigation of laser cladding on stainless steel with wire feeding[J].Hot working technology,2015,44(24):134-137.
[16]卢海飞,鲁金忠,张文泉,等.激光冲击316L不锈钢焊接件的模拟分析与试验研究[J].激光与光电子学进展,2017,54(10):336-343.LU Hai-fei,LU Jin-zhong,ZHANG Wen-quan,et al.Simulation analysis and experimental study of 316L stainless steel weldments processed by laser shock peening[J].Laser&optoelectronics progress,2017,54(10):336-343.
[17]QI H,AZER M,RITTER A.Studies of standard heat treatment effects on microstructure and mechanical properties of laser net shape manufactured Inconel 718[J].Metallurgical&materials transactions A,2009,40(10):2410-2422.
[18]李栋,张群莉,张杰,等.不同气氛对激光熔覆IN718涂层形貌、组织与性能的影响[J].表面技术,2018,47(7):185-190.LI Dong,ZHANG Qun-li,ZHANG Jie,et al.Influence of atmospheres on morphology,microstructure and properties of laser cladding IN718 coatings[J].Surface technology,2018,47(7):185-190.
[19]席明哲,高士友.激光快速成形Inconel 718超合金拉伸力学性能研究[J].中国激光,2012,39(3):68-73.XI Ming-zhe,GAO Shi-you.Research on tensile properties of Inconel 718 superalloy fabricated by laser rapid forming process[J].Chinese journal of lasers,2012,39(3):68-73.