侦查阶段认罪认罚从宽制度的适用与完善
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摘要
认罪认罚从宽制度是宽严相济刑事政策"从宽"一面的进一步完善和发展,在侦查阶段有其适用的必要性和可行性。在程序从宽方面,应确立以非羁押措施为原则,羁押措施为例外的从宽格局,且非羁押措施应具有稳定性,非因漏罪、新罪等法定影响社会危险性的情形,审查起诉阶段、审判阶段不应变更为羁押措施。在实体从宽方面,撤案的规定可操作性不强,应明确其适用标准,同时可考虑增加对轻微刑事案件和解撤案的规定,进一步完善审前分流程序。最后应通过完善值班律师的配备比例等方式保障认罪认罚的自愿性、合法性,加强客观证据的搜集,避免无罪的人"自愿顶罪"混入刑事诉讼程序。
The leniency system of confession and punishment is the further improvement and development of the lenient and strict criminal policy. It has its necessity and feasibility in the investigation stage. In terms of lenient procedures,the initiative to adopt non detention measures still faces multiple factors. We should take non detention measures in principle,and take custody measures in exception. Non detention measures should be stable,and in the stage of prosecution and trial,non detention measures should not be changed to detention measures,unless some omitted crimes,new crimes which may have social dangers appear. In terms of lenient substantial law,the provisions for the withdrawal of the cases are not operational,and the applicable standards should be clarified.At the same time,provisions for reconciliatory dismissed case of minor criminal cases should be added and considered to further improve the pre-trial diversion procedure. Finally,the voluntary and legality of confession and acceptance of punishment should be guaranteed by increasing the proportion of duty counsels,and it is necessary to strengthen the collection of objective evidence to prevent innocent people with"voluntarily plead guilty"from involving into criminal procedure.
The leniency system of confession and punishment is the further improvement and development of the lenient and strict criminal policy. It has its necessity and feasibility in the investigation stage. In terms of lenient procedures,the initiative to adopt non detention measures still faces multiple factors. We should take non detention measures in principle,and take custody measures in exception. Non detention measures should be stable,and in the stage of prosecution and trial,non detention measures should not be changed to detention measures,unless some omitted crimes,new crimes which may have social dangers appear. In terms of lenient substantial law,the provisions for the withdrawal of the cases are not operational,and the applicable standards should be clarified.At the same time,provisions for reconciliatory dismissed case of minor criminal cases should be added and considered to further improve the pre-trial diversion procedure. Finally,the voluntary and legality of confession and acceptance of punishment should be guaranteed by increasing the proportion of duty counsels,and it is necessary to strengthen the collection of objective evidence to prevent innocent people with"voluntarily plead guilty"from involving into criminal procedure.
引文
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[2][5][8]魏晓娜.完善认罪认罚从宽制度:中国语境下的关键词展开[J].法学研究,2016(4):83-85.
[3]朱孝清.认罪认罚从宽制度的几个问题[J].法治研究,2016(5):36.
[6]陈光中,马康.认罪认罚从宽制度若干重要问题探讨[J].法学,2016(8):4.
[9]王敏远.刑事程序法治的发展与学者的坚守[J].法治研究,2017(1):51.
[10]闫召华.口供中心主义研究[M].北京:法律出版社,2013:140.
[11][12]王禄生.论刑事诉讼的象征性立法及其后果——基于303万判决书大数据的自然语义挖掘[J].清华法学,2018(6):129-142.
[13]孙展明.论认罪认罚从宽制度在侦查阶段的构建[J].湖南警察学院学报,2018(4):91.