乡村振兴的理论逻辑及发展重点研究——以陕西关中地区为例
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摘要
[目的]乡村振兴战略是新时代解决"三农"问题的综合性系统方案,明确新时代乡村振兴的科学逻辑和发展重点,探索因地制宜的乡村振兴战略模式,对有效推动区域农业全面升级、农村全面进步、农民全面发展具有重要的应用价值。[方法]以陕西省关中地区为研究区域,以产业兴旺和生态宜居为核心,在评估乡村发展现实问题的基础上,明确关中地区乡村振兴的理论逻辑和重点任务。[结果]关中地区乡村人均农业资源占有量少,传统农业经营增收困难,而环境门槛的提高和资源禀赋的影响,又使得原本薄弱的非农产业发展面临严峻的生存困境,也加大了农村经济发展和农民增收的压力;因此在农村经济发展受限的情况下,通过县域城镇化和小城镇建设,吸引农业人口就近转移,并据此提高农业人均资源占有量,实现农业增产、增效,同时发展农村新产业新业态,挖掘乡村发展内生动力。同时,在农村人口外流、农业可投入劳动力减少的背景下,乡村发展要通过建设新型农村社区、构建便捷交通、移民搬迁等手段引导居民集中居住,逐步构建合理的镇村体系及其相应的公共物品供给模式,并通过人居环境整治构建符合现代生活需求、彰显乡村特色风貌的乡村。[结论]乡村振兴战略的实施不能就乡村论乡村,应结合新型城镇化和生态文明建设,研究乡村产业振兴与经济发展模式、镇村体系及公共服务配套模式、村庄人居环境整治模式,在此基础上探讨因地制宜的乡村振兴战略模式及实现路径。
Rural Vitalization Strategy is a comprehensive system plan to solve the problem of issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and rural people in the new era. To clarify the scientific logic and development focus of rural vitalization in the new era and explore the strategy model of rural vitalization according to local conditions,it has important application value to promote the comprehensive upgrading of regional agriculture,the overall progress of rural areas and the all-round development of farmers. The rural development in Guanzhong is very difficult to improve the income of the farmers by the traditional agricultural production mode because of the small amount of agricultural resources per capita,and the improvement of the environmental threshold and the influence of the resources endowment,so that the rural economic development is facing a severe survival dilemma. Therefore,under the circumstances of limited economic development in rural areas,we should attract the near transfer of the agricultural population,and thus improve the per capita share of agricultural resources so as to increase production and the efficiency of agriculture through the urbanization of the county and the construction of small towns. Meanwhile,we should develop new industries in rural areas,and to excavate the endogenous driving force of rural development. At the same time,the rural population is continuously drained away,and the labor force of agriculture can also be reduced. In the background of the reduction of the labor force and the outflow of the rural population,we should guide the rural labor force to be transferred near by the construction of new rural facilities,construction of convenient transportation,immigration moving and other means. Moreover,we should build an economical and reasonable village system and the public service facilities allocation based on the characteristics of geographical environment and population distribution. In addition,through the improvement of human settlements environment,to build different types of rural residential environment regulation mode,which can adapt to the characteristics of regional geographical environment,meet the needs of modern production and life,and highlight the features of rural characteristics. The study of the rural vitalization cannot be take the countryside as a closed individual. It should combine the new urbanization and ecological civilization construction,study the mode of rural industry revitalization and economic development,town and village system and public facilities supporting mode,village human living environment renovation mode. On this basis,to discuss the mode and path of rural vitalization strategy to suit local conditions.
Rural Vitalization Strategy is a comprehensive system plan to solve the problem of issues relating to agriculture,rural areas,and rural people in the new era. To clarify the scientific logic and development focus of rural vitalization in the new era and explore the strategy model of rural vitalization according to local conditions,it has important application value to promote the comprehensive upgrading of regional agriculture,the overall progress of rural areas and the all-round development of farmers. The rural development in Guanzhong is very difficult to improve the income of the farmers by the traditional agricultural production mode because of the small amount of agricultural resources per capita,and the improvement of the environmental threshold and the influence of the resources endowment,so that the rural economic development is facing a severe survival dilemma. Therefore,under the circumstances of limited economic development in rural areas,we should attract the near transfer of the agricultural population,and thus improve the per capita share of agricultural resources so as to increase production and the efficiency of agriculture through the urbanization of the county and the construction of small towns. Meanwhile,we should develop new industries in rural areas,and to excavate the endogenous driving force of rural development. At the same time,the rural population is continuously drained away,and the labor force of agriculture can also be reduced. In the background of the reduction of the labor force and the outflow of the rural population,we should guide the rural labor force to be transferred near by the construction of new rural facilities,construction of convenient transportation,immigration moving and other means. Moreover,we should build an economical and reasonable village system and the public service facilities allocation based on the characteristics of geographical environment and population distribution. In addition,through the improvement of human settlements environment,to build different types of rural residential environment regulation mode,which can adapt to the characteristics of regional geographical environment,meet the needs of modern production and life,and highlight the features of rural characteristics. The study of the rural vitalization cannot be take the countryside as a closed individual. It should combine the new urbanization and ecological civilization construction,study the mode of rural industry revitalization and economic development,town and village system and public facilities supporting mode,village human living environment renovation mode. On this basis,to discuss the mode and path of rural vitalization strategy to suit local conditions.
引文
[1]习近平.决胜全面建成小康社会夺取新时代中国特色社会主义伟大胜利———在中国共产党第十九次全国代表大会上的报告.时事报告,2017(11):4-26.
[2]郭晓鸣.乡村振兴战略的路径选择与突破重点.中国乡村发现,2018(1):90-95.
[3]中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见.人民日报,2018-02-05(1).
[4]陈萌山.贯彻落实“十九大”精神,推进农业资源与环境学科建设进入新时代.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(1):7-9,212.
[5]朱新法.振兴乡村,加快农业现代化.新华日报,2017-11-16(3).
[6]任宗哲,白宽犁,牛昉.陕西蓝皮书:陕西文化发展报告(2017).北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017.
[7]张明艳,田卫民,孙晓飞.农村社区公共服务设施建设:问题与对策.理论与改革,2013(4):144-146.
[8]韩俊.农业供给侧结构性改革是乡村振兴战略的重要内容.中国经济报告,2017(12):15-17.
[9]陈海彬.新农村建设背景下乡村旅游产业发展问题及对策建议.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):220-225.
[10]吴莹.空间变革下的治理策略———“村改居”社区基层治理转型研究.社会学研究,2017,32(6):94-116,244.
[11]单志芬,毕涛,刘德方,等.发展规模经营提高耕地资源利用率———黑龙江省农村土地规模经营的调研.中国农业资源与区划,2010,31(1):33-38.
[12]周嵘.产权改革提速正当时———全国农村集体产权制度改革试点工作部署推进会侧记.农村经营管理,2017(7):9-10.
[13]李富田.西部地区县域城镇化的现状与问题分析.软科学,2015,29(5):37-40,54.
[14]慕良泽.乡村振兴战略下的城镇化建设与城镇治理.河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018,45(3):25-29.
[15]朱启臻.当前乡村振兴的障碍因素及对策分析.人民论坛·学术前沿,2018(3):19-25.
[16]“城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移问题研究”课题组,张红宇.城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移:战略抉择和政策思路.中国农村经济,2011(6):4-14,25.
[17]郑小玉,刘彦随.新时期中国“乡村病”的科学内涵、形成机制及调控策略.人文地理,2018,33(2):100-106.
[18]姜长云.实施乡村振兴战略需努力规避几种倾向.农业经济问题,2018(1):8-13.
[19]刘合光.乡村振兴战略的关键点、发展路径与风险规避.新疆师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018,39(3):25-33.
[20]贺雪峰.关于实施乡村振兴战略的几个问题.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(3):19-26,152.
[2]郭晓鸣.乡村振兴战略的路径选择与突破重点.中国乡村发现,2018(1):90-95.
[3]中共中央国务院关于实施乡村振兴战略的意见.人民日报,2018-02-05(1).
[4]陈萌山.贯彻落实“十九大”精神,推进农业资源与环境学科建设进入新时代.中国农业资源与区划,2018,39(1):7-9,212.
[5]朱新法.振兴乡村,加快农业现代化.新华日报,2017-11-16(3).
[6]任宗哲,白宽犁,牛昉.陕西蓝皮书:陕西文化发展报告(2017).北京:社会科学文献出版社,2017.
[7]张明艳,田卫民,孙晓飞.农村社区公共服务设施建设:问题与对策.理论与改革,2013(4):144-146.
[8]韩俊.农业供给侧结构性改革是乡村振兴战略的重要内容.中国经济报告,2017(12):15-17.
[9]陈海彬.新农村建设背景下乡村旅游产业发展问题及对策建议.中国农业资源与区划,2016,37(12):220-225.
[10]吴莹.空间变革下的治理策略———“村改居”社区基层治理转型研究.社会学研究,2017,32(6):94-116,244.
[11]单志芬,毕涛,刘德方,等.发展规模经营提高耕地资源利用率———黑龙江省农村土地规模经营的调研.中国农业资源与区划,2010,31(1):33-38.
[12]周嵘.产权改革提速正当时———全国农村集体产权制度改革试点工作部署推进会侧记.农村经营管理,2017(7):9-10.
[13]李富田.西部地区县域城镇化的现状与问题分析.软科学,2015,29(5):37-40,54.
[14]慕良泽.乡村振兴战略下的城镇化建设与城镇治理.河南师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018,45(3):25-29.
[15]朱启臻.当前乡村振兴的障碍因素及对策分析.人民论坛·学术前沿,2018(3):19-25.
[16]“城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移问题研究”课题组,张红宇.城镇化进程中农村劳动力转移:战略抉择和政策思路.中国农村经济,2011(6):4-14,25.
[17]郑小玉,刘彦随.新时期中国“乡村病”的科学内涵、形成机制及调控策略.人文地理,2018,33(2):100-106.
[18]姜长云.实施乡村振兴战略需努力规避几种倾向.农业经济问题,2018(1):8-13.
[19]刘合光.乡村振兴战略的关键点、发展路径与风险规避.新疆师范大学学报(哲学社会科学版),2018,39(3):25-33.
[20]贺雪峰.关于实施乡村振兴战略的几个问题.南京农业大学学报(社会科学版),2018,18(3):19-26,152.