微生物合成γ-聚谷氨酸的相关基因、合成机理及发酵的研究进展
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摘要
γ-聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)是一种天然的氨基酸聚合物,由于其水溶性好、可生物降解、食用,以及对人类、动物和环境无毒等特点,因此,在环境、医药、食品和化妆品、饲料添加剂等领域有广泛的应用前景。主要是对微生物合成γ-PGA所采用的菌株、相关基因、合成机理及发酵方面进行综述。
γ-polyglutamic acid(γ-PGA)is naturally occurring poly amino acids with characteristics of water solubility, biodegradability, edible and non-toxicity towards human, animals and the environment. Therefore, γ-Poly(glutamic acid)and its derivatives have been of interest in a broad range of industrial fields such as environment, medicine, food, cosmetics and feed additives. This paper focuses on the microbial synthesis of γ-PGA of related genes, synthesis mechanism and fermentation.
γ-polyglutamic acid(γ-PGA)is naturally occurring poly amino acids with characteristics of water solubility, biodegradability, edible and non-toxicity towards human, animals and the environment. Therefore, γ-Poly(glutamic acid)and its derivatives have been of interest in a broad range of industrial fields such as environment, medicine, food, cosmetics and feed additives. This paper focuses on the microbial synthesis of γ-PGA of related genes, synthesis mechanism and fermentation.
引文
[1]任尚美,马霞,王海波.γ-聚谷氨酸的发酵条件优化及其初步表征[J].中国酿造,2008,27(19):43-46.
[2]赵紫华,马霞,刘蕊.高产γ-聚谷氨酸菌株的选育与鉴定[J].中国酿造,2007,26(7):32-34.
[3]郑重,吴剑光,邱乐泉.微生物聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)合成酶及合成机理的研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2010(6):52-56.
[4]Negus D,Burton J,Sweed A,et al.Poly-γ-d-glutamic acid capsule interferes with lytic infection of Bacillus anthracis by B.anthracisspecific bacteriophages[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2013,79(2):714-717.
[5]王浩,杨丽萍,乔君.γ-聚谷氨酸的研究进展[J].山东食品发酵,2011,4:015.
[6]Hidetoshi K,Toshio M,Kazumichi U,et al.Production of poly(γ-glutamic acid)by Bacillus subtilis F-2-01.Bioscience,Biotechnology,and Biochemistry,1993,57(7):1212-1213.
[7]Cao M,Song C,Jin Y,et al.Synthesis of poly(γ-glutamic acid)and heterologous expression of pgs BCA genes[J].Journal of Molecular Catalysis B:Enzymatic,2010,67(1):111-116.
[8]Makino S,Uchida I,Terakado N.Molecular characterization and protein analysis of the cap region,which is essential for encapsulation in Bacillus anthracis[J].Journal of Bacteriology,1989,171(2):722-730.
[9]Urushibata Y,Tokuyama S,Tahara Y.Difference in transcription levels of cap genes forγ-poly glutamic acid production between Bacillus subtilis IFO16449 and Marburg 168[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2002,93(2):252-254.
[10]Ashiuchi M,Soda K,Misono H.A poly-γ-glutamate synthetic system of Bacillus subtilis IFO3336:gene cloning and biochemical analysis of poly-γ-glutamate produced by Escherichia coli clone cells[J].Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications,1999,263(1):6-12.
[11]Cao M,Geng W,Liu L,et al.Glutamic acid independent production of poly-γ-glutamic acid by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3 and cloning of pgs BCA genes[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(5):4251-4257.
[12]Urushibata Y,Tokuyama S,Tahara Y.Characterization of the Bacillus subtilis yws C gene,involved inγ-polyglutamic acid production[J].Journal of bacteriology,2002,184(2):337-343.
[13]Ashiuchi M,Nawa C,Kamei T,et al.Physiological and biochemical characteristics of poly-γ-glutamate synthetase complex of Bacillus subtilis[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,2001,268(20):5321-5328.
[14]石峰,徐志南,岑沛霖.利用枯草芽抱杆菌制备γ-聚谷氨酸[C].中国资源生物技术与糖工程学术研讨会论文集,2005.
[15]马婕,王丹,李强.基因工程大肠杆菌合成γ-聚谷氨酸[J].过程工程学报,2009,9(4):792-795.
[16]Xu Q,Sudek S,Mc Mullan D,et al.Structural basis of murein peptide specificity of aγ-D-glutamyl-L-diamino acid endopeptidase[J].Structure,2009,17(2):303-313.
[17]王计伟,施庆珊,欧阳友生.地衣芽胞杆菌ATCC9945A中γ-聚谷氨酸降解酶基因的克隆、表达及降解性能鉴定[J].生物技术,2012,22(1):13-17.
[18]Wu Q,Xu H,Xu L,et al.Biosynthesis of poly(γ-glutamic acid)in Bacillus subtilis NX-2:regulation of stereochemical composition of poly(γ-glutamic acid)[J].Process Biochemistry,2006,41(7):1650-1655.
[19]Cromwick AM,Gross RA.Investigation by NMR of metabolic routes to bacterialγ-poly(glutamic acid)using 13C-labeled citrate and glutamate as media carbon sources[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,1995,41(10):902-909.
[20]Ogawa Y,Yamaguchi TF,Yuasa K,et al.Efficient production ofγ-polyglutamic acid by Bacillus subtilis(natto)in Jar fermenters[J].Biosci Biotech Bioch,1997,61:1684-1687.
[21]Troy F.Chemistry and biosynthesis of poly(gamma-d-glutamyl)capsule in Bacillus licheniformis.1.properties of membranemediated biosynthetic reaction[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1973,248(1):305-315.
[22]Candela T,Fout A.Poly-gamma-glutamate in bacteria[J].Molecular Microbiology,2006,60(5):1091-1098.
[23]Mader U,Antelmann H,Buder T.Bacillus subtilis functional genomics:genome-wide analysis of the Deg S-Deg U regulon by transcriptomics and protiomics[J].Molecular Genetics and Genomics,2002,268(4):455-467.
[24]Stanley N,Lazazzera B.Defining the genetic differences between wild and domestic strains of Bacillus subtilis that affect polygamma-DL-glutamic acid production and biofilm formation[J].Molecular Microbiology,2005,57(4):1143-1158.
[25]Kimura K,Tran L.Expression of the pgs B encoding the polygamma-DL-glutamate synthetase of Bacillus subtilis(natto)[J].Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry,2009,73(5):1149-1155.
[26]Cao Mf,Geng W,Li L,et al.Glutamic acid independent production of poly-γ-glutamic acid by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3 and cloning of pgs BCA genes[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(5):4251-4257.
[27]Cheng C,Yoshihiro A,Tokujiro A.Production ofγ-polyglutamic acid by Bacillus licheniformis A35 under denitrifying conditions[J].Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1989,53(9):2369-2375.
[28]Ishwar B,Rekha S.Poly(glutamic acid)-an emerging biopolymer of commercial interest[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5551-5561.
[29]Jae-Hoon J,Jin-Nam K,Young-Jung W,et al.The statistically optimized production of poly(γ-glutamic acid)by batch fermentation of a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis RKY3[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(12):4533-4539.
[30]Lung SI,Wu PJ,Jen SC.Microbial production of a poly(γ-glutamic acid)derivative by Bacillus subtilis[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,40(8):2827-2832.
[31]Masao K,Atsuo G.Biosynthesis of poly(γ-glutamic acid)from L-glutamic acid,citric acid,and ammonium sulfate in Bacillus subtilis IFO3335[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1994,40(6):867-872.
[32]Yoshihito I,Takeshi T,Tetsuo O,et al.Glutamic acid independent production of poly(γ-glutamic acid)by Bacillus subtilis TAM-4[J].Bioscience,Biotechnology,and Biochemistry,1996,60(8):1239-1242.
[33]金映红,刘静,刘莉.利用Bacillus licheniformis NK-03合成聚谷氨酸及其合成酶基因pgs BCA的克隆[J].南开大学学报:自然科学版,2008,41(3):57-63.
[34]疏秀林,施庆珊,冯静.一株非谷氨酸依赖型聚γ-谷氨酸高产菌株的鉴定与诱变育种[J].微生物学通报,2009,36(5):705-710.
[35]Su Y,Li X,Liu Q,et al.Improved poly-γ-glutamic acid production by chromosomal integration of the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene(vgb)in Bacillus subtilis[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(12):4733-4736.
[36]Yeh CM,Wang JP,Lo S.Chromosomal integration of a synthetic expression control sequence achieves poly-γ-glutamate production in a Bacillus subtilis strain[J].Biotechnology Progress,2010,26(4):1001-1007.
[37]杨革,陈坚,曲音波.金属离子对地衣芽孢杆菌合成多聚谷氨酸的影响[J].生物工程学报,2001,17(6):706-709.
[38]Hong X,Min J,Hui L,et al.Efficient production of poly(γ-glutamic acid)by newly isolated Bacillus subtilis NX-2[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,40(2):519-523.
[39]Young HK,Richard AG.Effects of glucose and glycerol onγ-poly(glutamic acid)formation by Bacillus licheniformis ATCC9945a[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1998,57(4):430-437.
[40]Yao J,Xu H,Shi N,et al.Analysis of carbon metabolism and improvement ofγ-polygiutamic acid production from Bacillus subtilis NX-2[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2010,160(8):2332-2341.
[41]Hwan DJ,Nam CH,Yup LS.Efficient recovery ofγ-poly(glutamic acid)from highly viscous culture broth[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2001,76(3):219-224.
[42]冯志彬,程仕伟,缪静.γ-聚谷氨酸生产菌的选育及培养条件研究[J].生物加工过程,2010(1):40-44.
[43]阮文辉,杨家志,姚俊.γ-聚谷氨酸合成菌株的筛选与优化培养[J].中国酿造,2011(5):66-69.
[44]Qiao C,Zhang S,Li Z,et al.improving poly-(γ-glutamic acid)production and reducing impurities in fermentation broth by medium optimization using Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC3336[J].Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy,2013,7(3):390-394.
[45]Andrew R,Argyrios M.Optimization of cell growth and poly(glutamic acid)production in batch fermentation by Bacillus subtilis[J].Biotechnology Letters,2003,25(6):465-468.
[46]Anne MC,Richard AG.Effects of manganese on Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945A physiology andγ-poly(glutamic acid)formation[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,1995,17(5):259-267.
[47]Gooding EA,Sharma S,Petty SA,et al.p H-dependent helix folding dynamics of poly-glutamic acid[J].Chemical Physics,2013,422:115-123.
[48]Chen X,Li QY,Dai J,et al.Solid state fermentation for chicken manure regenerative feed containing poly-γ-glutamic acid[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,807:1176-1180.
[49]Zongqi X,Xiaohai F,Dan Z,et al.Enhanced poly(γ-glutamic acid)fermentation by Bacillus subtilis NX-2 immobilized in an aerobic plant fibrous-bed bioreactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,155:8-14.
[50]Zhang D,Feng X,Zhou Z,et al.Economical production of poly(γ-glutamic acid)using untreated cane molasses and monosodium glutamate waste liquor by Bacillus subtilis NX-2[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,114:583-588.
[51]Yong X,Raza W,Yu G,et al.Optimization of the production of poly-γ-glutamic acid by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens C1 in solidstate fermentation using dairy manure compost and monosodium glutamate production residues as basic substrates[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(16):7548-7554.
[52]Zeng W,Li W,Shu L,et al.Non-sterilized fermentative coproduction of poly(γ-glutamic acid)and fibrinolytic enzyme by a thermophilic Bacillus subtilis GXA-28[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,142:697-700.
[53]Bajaj I,Singhal R.Poly(glutamic acid)-an emerging biopolymer of commercial interest[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5551-5561.
[54]彭其安,张西峰,吴思方.同源重组法构建枯草芽孢杆菌转酮酶缺失突变菌株[J].生物技术,2006,16(6):23-26.
[55]严涛,赵锦芳,高文慧.大肠杆菌工程菌pts G基因敲除及其缺陷株混合糖同型乙醇发酵[J].生物工程学报,2013,29(7):937-945.
[56]金晶,姚俊,徐虹.枯草杆菌NX-2聚谷氨酸解聚酶的克隆表达及其降解性质研究[J].中国生物工程杂志,2007,27(5):34-38.
[2]赵紫华,马霞,刘蕊.高产γ-聚谷氨酸菌株的选育与鉴定[J].中国酿造,2007,26(7):32-34.
[3]郑重,吴剑光,邱乐泉.微生物聚谷氨酸(γ-PGA)合成酶及合成机理的研究进展[J].生物技术通报,2010(6):52-56.
[4]Negus D,Burton J,Sweed A,et al.Poly-γ-d-glutamic acid capsule interferes with lytic infection of Bacillus anthracis by B.anthracisspecific bacteriophages[J].Applied and Environmental Microbiology,2013,79(2):714-717.
[5]王浩,杨丽萍,乔君.γ-聚谷氨酸的研究进展[J].山东食品发酵,2011,4:015.
[6]Hidetoshi K,Toshio M,Kazumichi U,et al.Production of poly(γ-glutamic acid)by Bacillus subtilis F-2-01.Bioscience,Biotechnology,and Biochemistry,1993,57(7):1212-1213.
[7]Cao M,Song C,Jin Y,et al.Synthesis of poly(γ-glutamic acid)and heterologous expression of pgs BCA genes[J].Journal of Molecular Catalysis B:Enzymatic,2010,67(1):111-116.
[8]Makino S,Uchida I,Terakado N.Molecular characterization and protein analysis of the cap region,which is essential for encapsulation in Bacillus anthracis[J].Journal of Bacteriology,1989,171(2):722-730.
[9]Urushibata Y,Tokuyama S,Tahara Y.Difference in transcription levels of cap genes forγ-poly glutamic acid production between Bacillus subtilis IFO16449 and Marburg 168[J].Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering,2002,93(2):252-254.
[10]Ashiuchi M,Soda K,Misono H.A poly-γ-glutamate synthetic system of Bacillus subtilis IFO3336:gene cloning and biochemical analysis of poly-γ-glutamate produced by Escherichia coli clone cells[J].Biochemical Biophysical Research Communications,1999,263(1):6-12.
[11]Cao M,Geng W,Liu L,et al.Glutamic acid independent production of poly-γ-glutamic acid by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3 and cloning of pgs BCA genes[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(5):4251-4257.
[12]Urushibata Y,Tokuyama S,Tahara Y.Characterization of the Bacillus subtilis yws C gene,involved inγ-polyglutamic acid production[J].Journal of bacteriology,2002,184(2):337-343.
[13]Ashiuchi M,Nawa C,Kamei T,et al.Physiological and biochemical characteristics of poly-γ-glutamate synthetase complex of Bacillus subtilis[J].European Journal of Biochemistry,2001,268(20):5321-5328.
[14]石峰,徐志南,岑沛霖.利用枯草芽抱杆菌制备γ-聚谷氨酸[C].中国资源生物技术与糖工程学术研讨会论文集,2005.
[15]马婕,王丹,李强.基因工程大肠杆菌合成γ-聚谷氨酸[J].过程工程学报,2009,9(4):792-795.
[16]Xu Q,Sudek S,Mc Mullan D,et al.Structural basis of murein peptide specificity of aγ-D-glutamyl-L-diamino acid endopeptidase[J].Structure,2009,17(2):303-313.
[17]王计伟,施庆珊,欧阳友生.地衣芽胞杆菌ATCC9945A中γ-聚谷氨酸降解酶基因的克隆、表达及降解性能鉴定[J].生物技术,2012,22(1):13-17.
[18]Wu Q,Xu H,Xu L,et al.Biosynthesis of poly(γ-glutamic acid)in Bacillus subtilis NX-2:regulation of stereochemical composition of poly(γ-glutamic acid)[J].Process Biochemistry,2006,41(7):1650-1655.
[19]Cromwick AM,Gross RA.Investigation by NMR of metabolic routes to bacterialγ-poly(glutamic acid)using 13C-labeled citrate and glutamate as media carbon sources[J].Canadian Journal of Microbiology,1995,41(10):902-909.
[20]Ogawa Y,Yamaguchi TF,Yuasa K,et al.Efficient production ofγ-polyglutamic acid by Bacillus subtilis(natto)in Jar fermenters[J].Biosci Biotech Bioch,1997,61:1684-1687.
[21]Troy F.Chemistry and biosynthesis of poly(gamma-d-glutamyl)capsule in Bacillus licheniformis.1.properties of membranemediated biosynthetic reaction[J].Journal of Biological Chemistry,1973,248(1):305-315.
[22]Candela T,Fout A.Poly-gamma-glutamate in bacteria[J].Molecular Microbiology,2006,60(5):1091-1098.
[23]Mader U,Antelmann H,Buder T.Bacillus subtilis functional genomics:genome-wide analysis of the Deg S-Deg U regulon by transcriptomics and protiomics[J].Molecular Genetics and Genomics,2002,268(4):455-467.
[24]Stanley N,Lazazzera B.Defining the genetic differences between wild and domestic strains of Bacillus subtilis that affect polygamma-DL-glutamic acid production and biofilm formation[J].Molecular Microbiology,2005,57(4):1143-1158.
[25]Kimura K,Tran L.Expression of the pgs B encoding the polygamma-DL-glutamate synthetase of Bacillus subtilis(natto)[J].Bioscience Biotechnology and Biochemistry,2009,73(5):1149-1155.
[26]Cao Mf,Geng W,Li L,et al.Glutamic acid independent production of poly-γ-glutamic acid by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LL3 and cloning of pgs BCA genes[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(5):4251-4257.
[27]Cheng C,Yoshihiro A,Tokujiro A.Production ofγ-polyglutamic acid by Bacillus licheniformis A35 under denitrifying conditions[J].Agricultural and Biological Chemistry,1989,53(9):2369-2375.
[28]Ishwar B,Rekha S.Poly(glutamic acid)-an emerging biopolymer of commercial interest[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5551-5561.
[29]Jae-Hoon J,Jin-Nam K,Young-Jung W,et al.The statistically optimized production of poly(γ-glutamic acid)by batch fermentation of a newly isolated Bacillus subtilis RKY3[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(12):4533-4539.
[30]Lung SI,Wu PJ,Jen SC.Microbial production of a poly(γ-glutamic acid)derivative by Bacillus subtilis[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,40(8):2827-2832.
[31]Masao K,Atsuo G.Biosynthesis of poly(γ-glutamic acid)from L-glutamic acid,citric acid,and ammonium sulfate in Bacillus subtilis IFO3335[J].Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology,1994,40(6):867-872.
[32]Yoshihito I,Takeshi T,Tetsuo O,et al.Glutamic acid independent production of poly(γ-glutamic acid)by Bacillus subtilis TAM-4[J].Bioscience,Biotechnology,and Biochemistry,1996,60(8):1239-1242.
[33]金映红,刘静,刘莉.利用Bacillus licheniformis NK-03合成聚谷氨酸及其合成酶基因pgs BCA的克隆[J].南开大学学报:自然科学版,2008,41(3):57-63.
[34]疏秀林,施庆珊,冯静.一株非谷氨酸依赖型聚γ-谷氨酸高产菌株的鉴定与诱变育种[J].微生物学通报,2009,36(5):705-710.
[35]Su Y,Li X,Liu Q,et al.Improved poly-γ-glutamic acid production by chromosomal integration of the Vitreoscilla hemoglobin gene(vgb)in Bacillus subtilis[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101(12):4733-4736.
[36]Yeh CM,Wang JP,Lo S.Chromosomal integration of a synthetic expression control sequence achieves poly-γ-glutamate production in a Bacillus subtilis strain[J].Biotechnology Progress,2010,26(4):1001-1007.
[37]杨革,陈坚,曲音波.金属离子对地衣芽孢杆菌合成多聚谷氨酸的影响[J].生物工程学报,2001,17(6):706-709.
[38]Hong X,Min J,Hui L,et al.Efficient production of poly(γ-glutamic acid)by newly isolated Bacillus subtilis NX-2[J].Process Biochemistry,2005,40(2):519-523.
[39]Young HK,Richard AG.Effects of glucose and glycerol onγ-poly(glutamic acid)formation by Bacillus licheniformis ATCC9945a[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,1998,57(4):430-437.
[40]Yao J,Xu H,Shi N,et al.Analysis of carbon metabolism and improvement ofγ-polygiutamic acid production from Bacillus subtilis NX-2[J].Applied Biochemistry and Biotechnology,2010,160(8):2332-2341.
[41]Hwan DJ,Nam CH,Yup LS.Efficient recovery ofγ-poly(glutamic acid)from highly viscous culture broth[J].Biotechnology and Bioengineering,2001,76(3):219-224.
[42]冯志彬,程仕伟,缪静.γ-聚谷氨酸生产菌的选育及培养条件研究[J].生物加工过程,2010(1):40-44.
[43]阮文辉,杨家志,姚俊.γ-聚谷氨酸合成菌株的筛选与优化培养[J].中国酿造,2011(5):66-69.
[44]Qiao C,Zhang S,Li Z,et al.improving poly-(γ-glutamic acid)production and reducing impurities in fermentation broth by medium optimization using Bacillus licheniformis CGMCC3336[J].Journal of Biobased Materials and Bioenergy,2013,7(3):390-394.
[45]Andrew R,Argyrios M.Optimization of cell growth and poly(glutamic acid)production in batch fermentation by Bacillus subtilis[J].Biotechnology Letters,2003,25(6):465-468.
[46]Anne MC,Richard AG.Effects of manganese on Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 9945A physiology andγ-poly(glutamic acid)formation[J].International Journal of Biological Macromolecules,1995,17(5):259-267.
[47]Gooding EA,Sharma S,Petty SA,et al.p H-dependent helix folding dynamics of poly-glutamic acid[J].Chemical Physics,2013,422:115-123.
[48]Chen X,Li QY,Dai J,et al.Solid state fermentation for chicken manure regenerative feed containing poly-γ-glutamic acid[J].Advanced Materials Research,2013,807:1176-1180.
[49]Zongqi X,Xiaohai F,Dan Z,et al.Enhanced poly(γ-glutamic acid)fermentation by Bacillus subtilis NX-2 immobilized in an aerobic plant fibrous-bed bioreactor[J].Bioresource Technology,2014,155:8-14.
[50]Zhang D,Feng X,Zhou Z,et al.Economical production of poly(γ-glutamic acid)using untreated cane molasses and monosodium glutamate waste liquor by Bacillus subtilis NX-2[J].Bioresource Technology,2012,114:583-588.
[51]Yong X,Raza W,Yu G,et al.Optimization of the production of poly-γ-glutamic acid by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens C1 in solidstate fermentation using dairy manure compost and monosodium glutamate production residues as basic substrates[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(16):7548-7554.
[52]Zeng W,Li W,Shu L,et al.Non-sterilized fermentative coproduction of poly(γ-glutamic acid)and fibrinolytic enzyme by a thermophilic Bacillus subtilis GXA-28[J].Bioresource Technology,2013,142:697-700.
[53]Bajaj I,Singhal R.Poly(glutamic acid)-an emerging biopolymer of commercial interest[J].Bioresource Technology,2011,102(10):5551-5561.
[54]彭其安,张西峰,吴思方.同源重组法构建枯草芽孢杆菌转酮酶缺失突变菌株[J].生物技术,2006,16(6):23-26.
[55]严涛,赵锦芳,高文慧.大肠杆菌工程菌pts G基因敲除及其缺陷株混合糖同型乙醇发酵[J].生物工程学报,2013,29(7):937-945.
[56]金晶,姚俊,徐虹.枯草杆菌NX-2聚谷氨酸解聚酶的克隆表达及其降解性质研究[J].中国生物工程杂志,2007,27(5):34-38.