不同沼液运筹对小麦生长及产量的影响
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摘要
为探讨小麦种植中沼液合适的施用方法,以猪场沼液作为肥源,常规化学施肥为对照,在确定基肥和追肥两个施用时期及沼液总施用量为600 t/hm2的条件下,研究了前轻后重法(T1)、均衡施用法(T2)、前重后轻法(T3)、一次基施法(T4) 4种沼液运筹方法对小麦生长及产量的影响。结果表明:小麦营养生长量及叶片光合特性表现一致,为T2=T3> T1> T4> CK; T1—T4处理分别比CK增产2. 6%、8. 9%、6. 8%和4. 3%,但千粒重分别下降9. 6%、6. 2%、6. 8%和2. 1%,熟期分别延迟7—8 d、4—5 d、3—4 d和0—1 d。沼液追施量的增加易导致小麦生长旺盛、贪青迟熟,在小麦种植中推荐使用"前重后轻法"施用沼液,应重施基肥(总量2/3左右),适量追肥(总量1/3左右)。
In order to explore the suitable application method of biogas slurry in wheat planting,taking the biogas slurry of pig farm as fertilizer source and conventional chemical fertilization as control,4 methods of biogas slurry management were studied under the conditions of determining the application periods of base fertilizer and top-dressing and the total application amount of biogas slurry as 600 t/hm2. The results showed that the vegetative growth of wheat and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves were consistent,with T2 = T3 > T1 > T4 > CK.Compared with CK,the yields of T1—T4 treatments increased by 2. 6%,8. 9%,6. 8% and 4. 3%,but the1 000-grain weight decreased by 9. 6%,6. 2%,6. 8% and 2. 1%,and the maturity delayed by 7—8 d,4—5 d,3—4 d and 0—1 d,respectively. Increasing the amount of biogas slurry top-dressing could easily lead to vigorous growth of wheat,greening and late maturity. In wheat planting,it was recommended to apply biogas slurry with"more before and less after"method. Base fertilizer should be applied more( about 2/3 of the total amount) and top-dressing should be applied appropriately( about 1 /3 of the total amount).
In order to explore the suitable application method of biogas slurry in wheat planting,taking the biogas slurry of pig farm as fertilizer source and conventional chemical fertilization as control,4 methods of biogas slurry management were studied under the conditions of determining the application periods of base fertilizer and top-dressing and the total application amount of biogas slurry as 600 t/hm2. The results showed that the vegetative growth of wheat and photosynthetic characteristics of leaves were consistent,with T2 = T3 > T1 > T4 > CK.Compared with CK,the yields of T1—T4 treatments increased by 2. 6%,8. 9%,6. 8% and 4. 3%,but the1 000-grain weight decreased by 9. 6%,6. 2%,6. 8% and 2. 1%,and the maturity delayed by 7—8 d,4—5 d,3—4 d and 0—1 d,respectively. Increasing the amount of biogas slurry top-dressing could easily lead to vigorous growth of wheat,greening and late maturity. In wheat planting,it was recommended to apply biogas slurry with"more before and less after"method. Base fertilizer should be applied more( about 2/3 of the total amount) and top-dressing should be applied appropriately( about 1 /3 of the total amount).
引文
[1]孙振钧,孙永明.中国农业废弃物资源化与农村生物质能源利用的现状与发展[J].中国农业科技导报,2006,8(1):6-13.
[2]郑建初,陈留根,甄若宏,等.江苏省现代循环农业发展研究[J].江苏农业学报,2010,26(1):5-8.
[3]尹冬雪,刘伟,周罕觅,等.沼液农用综合利用研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(3):15-17.
[4]王远远,刘荣厚.沼液综合利用研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(4):1089-1091.
[5]张亚莉,董仁杰,刘玉清.沼肥在农业生产中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(35):11549-11550.
[6]李友强,盛康,彭思姣,等.沼液施用量对小麦产量及土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(12):181-186.
[7]孙国峰,周炜,何加骏,等.猪粪沼液施用后土壤理化性状及小麦产量的变化[J].江苏农业学报,2012,28(5):1054-1060.
[8]万海文,贾亮亮,赵京奇,等.追施沼液对小麦光合特性及土壤酶活性和养分含量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(1):35-44.
[9]孔德杰,杨改河,任广鑫,等.沼肥不同用量对小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(2):64-69.
[10]陈楠,高同国,姜峰,等.高效稳定沼液营养液对冬小麦产量及土壤养分的影响[J].中国沼气,2011,29(4):47-50.
[11]陈乃禾.不同沼肥施用量对小麦种植土壤质量的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2015.
[12]陈永杏,董红敏,陶秀萍,等.猪场沼液灌溉冬小麦对土壤质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(3):154-158.
[13]唐微,伍钧,孙百晔,等.沼液不同施用量对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2268-2273.
[14]岑汤校,张硕,胡宇峰.单季稻不同用量沼液的肥效试验[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(2):83-86.
[15]冯伟,管涛,王晓宇,等.沼液与化肥配施对冬小麦根际土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(4):1007-1012.
[16]张秀,朱文美,代兴龙,等.施氮量对强筋小麦产量、氮素利用率和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018,38(8):963-969.
[17]赵广才,刘利华,张艳,等.肥料运筹对超高产小麦群体质量、根系分布、产量和品质的效应[J].华北农学报,2002,17(4):82-87.
[18]徐明杰,董娴娴,刘会玲,等.不同管理方式对小麦氮素吸收、分配及去向的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1084-1093.
[19]岑汤校,陈海生,胡宇峰.沼液施用量对淡涂泥田小麦产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2012,24(6):93-95.
[2]郑建初,陈留根,甄若宏,等.江苏省现代循环农业发展研究[J].江苏农业学报,2010,26(1):5-8.
[3]尹冬雪,刘伟,周罕觅,等.沼液农用综合利用研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2018,46(3):15-17.
[4]王远远,刘荣厚.沼液综合利用研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(4):1089-1091.
[5]张亚莉,董仁杰,刘玉清.沼肥在农业生产中的应用[J].安徽农业科学,2007,35(35):11549-11550.
[6]李友强,盛康,彭思姣,等.沼液施用量对小麦产量及土壤理化性质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(12):181-186.
[7]孙国峰,周炜,何加骏,等.猪粪沼液施用后土壤理化性状及小麦产量的变化[J].江苏农业学报,2012,28(5):1054-1060.
[8]万海文,贾亮亮,赵京奇,等.追施沼液对小麦光合特性及土壤酶活性和养分含量的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2017,45(1):35-44.
[9]孔德杰,杨改河,任广鑫,等.沼肥不同用量对小麦光合特性和产量的影响[J].西北农业学报,2008,17(2):64-69.
[10]陈楠,高同国,姜峰,等.高效稳定沼液营养液对冬小麦产量及土壤养分的影响[J].中国沼气,2011,29(4):47-50.
[11]陈乃禾.不同沼肥施用量对小麦种植土壤质量的影响[D].成都:四川农业大学,2015.
[12]陈永杏,董红敏,陶秀萍,等.猪场沼液灌溉冬小麦对土壤质量的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(3):154-158.
[13]唐微,伍钧,孙百晔,等.沼液不同施用量对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2010,29(12):2268-2273.
[14]岑汤校,张硕,胡宇峰.单季稻不同用量沼液的肥效试验[J].中国土壤与肥料,2012(2):83-86.
[15]冯伟,管涛,王晓宇,等.沼液与化肥配施对冬小麦根际土壤微生物数量和酶活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2011,22(4):1007-1012.
[16]张秀,朱文美,代兴龙,等.施氮量对强筋小麦产量、氮素利用率和品质的影响[J].麦类作物学报,2018,38(8):963-969.
[17]赵广才,刘利华,张艳,等.肥料运筹对超高产小麦群体质量、根系分布、产量和品质的效应[J].华北农学报,2002,17(4):82-87.
[18]徐明杰,董娴娴,刘会玲,等.不同管理方式对小麦氮素吸收、分配及去向的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(5):1084-1093.
[19]岑汤校,陈海生,胡宇峰.沼液施用量对淡涂泥田小麦产量的影响[J].江西农业学报,2012,24(6):93-95.