麦秸-塑膜复合系统对玉米生长及干物质分配的影响
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摘要
地膜+秸秆组成的"二元覆盖"技术具有增温、保墒、提高肥力、改良土壤的特点,就不同覆盖方式对玉米出苗率、株高、叶面积、干物质积累及分配等指标的影响作了相应分析。研究结果表明:覆膜或复合覆盖可提高玉米出苗率,播种后可提高地温,保水性能较好;玉米前期生长发育较快,其株高、叶面积、干物质增长速率均大于麦秸覆盖和无覆盖处理;玉米穗占地上干物质的比例均高于麦秸覆盖及无覆盖处理。在适宜的复合覆盖处理下(SFH4)可提高玉米干物质在穗的分配比例,使光合产物充分转移到籽粒中,达到了调控玉米干物质形成、提高产量的目的。
The "dual mulching"technology composed of mulch and straw has the characteristics of increasing temperature,preserving moisture,improving fertility and improving soil quality. The effects of different mulching methods on maize seedling emergence rate,plant height,leaf area,dry matter accumulation and distribution were analyzed. The results showed that mulching with film or composite mulching could increase the emergence rate of maize,increase the ground temperature and keep water better after sowing. The growth and development of maize was faster in early stage,and the plant height,leaf area and dry matter growth rate of maize were all higher than those of wheat straw mulching and non-mulching treatment. The proportion of dry matter in maize ear area was higher than that in wheat straw mulching and no mulching treatment. Under suitable composite mulching treatment (SFH4),the proportion of dry matter in ears of maize could be increased,and photosynthetic products could be fully transferred to grains,so as to achieve the purpose of regulating the formation of dry matter in maize and increasing yield.
The "dual mulching"technology composed of mulch and straw has the characteristics of increasing temperature,preserving moisture,improving fertility and improving soil quality. The effects of different mulching methods on maize seedling emergence rate,plant height,leaf area,dry matter accumulation and distribution were analyzed. The results showed that mulching with film or composite mulching could increase the emergence rate of maize,increase the ground temperature and keep water better after sowing. The growth and development of maize was faster in early stage,and the plant height,leaf area and dry matter growth rate of maize were all higher than those of wheat straw mulching and non-mulching treatment. The proportion of dry matter in maize ear area was higher than that in wheat straw mulching and no mulching treatment. Under suitable composite mulching treatment (SFH4),the proportion of dry matter in ears of maize could be increased,and photosynthetic products could be fully transferred to grains,so as to achieve the purpose of regulating the formation of dry matter in maize and increasing yield.
引文
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[2]杨安中,王敏,张从宇.秸秆与地膜二元覆盖对小麦田间生态环境及产量影响[J].水土保持学报,2003,17(3):198-183.
[3]买自珍,程炳文,王勇,等.草与地膜覆盖对玉米田间生态环境及产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(2):66-68.
[4]买自珍,罗世武,程炳文,等.玉米二元覆盖农田水分动态及水分利用效率研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2007,15(3):68-70.
[5]方旭飞,张钟莉莉,王丽学,等.不同覆盖方式和种植模式对土壤水热与玉米产量的影响[J].节水灌溉,2017(12):39-43.
[6]韩忠.地膜和秸秆二元覆盖技术的原理和实践[J].山西农业大学学报(自然科学版),1997(3):245-249.
[7]张金霞.西北旱区碎麦秸垫式膜上灌的高效用水机理及土壤环境效应研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2013:37-89.
[8]汪丙国,靳孟贵,王贵玲.农田秸秆覆盖的土壤水分效应[J].中国农村水利水电,2010(6):76-80,84.
[9]丁林,王福霞,王文娟,等.麦秸-塑膜复合覆盖对玉米产量及土壤物理参数的影响研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2017(9):19-22,31.
[10]陆建飞,黄丕生,丁艳锋.持续土壤水分胁迫对小麦物质积累和运转的影响[J].江苏农业学报,1998,14(3):135-140.
[11]王志琴,杨建昌,朱庆森,等.土壤水分对小麦光合速率与物质运转的影响[J].中国小麦科学,1996,10(4):235-240.