不同能量结构全混合颗粒日粮对育肥羊生长性能和胴体品质的影响
摘要
试验旨在研究不同能量结构全混合颗粒日粮对育肥羊生长性能和胴体品质的影响。选取健康状况良好、90日龄、体重(20.98±2.06)kg的断奶小尾寒羊雄羔羊24只,随机分为6组,分别为A组、B组、C组、D组、E组、F组。6组分别饲喂等能等氮、不同淀粉水平、脂肪和糖的不同比例构成的全混合日粮。A组日粮为在30%淀粉水平下含有3.04%脂肪和4.11%糖的全混合日粮,B组日粮为在30%淀粉水平下含有2.65%脂肪和4.63%糖的全混合日粮,C组为在26%淀粉水平下含有4.61%脂肪和4.11%糖的全混合日粮,D组为在26%淀粉水平下含有2.58%脂肪和6.36%糖构成的全混合日粮,E组为在22%淀粉水平下含有5.23%脂肪和4.49%糖的全混合日粮,F组为在22%淀粉水平下含有2.59%脂肪和7.54%糖的全混合日粮。饲养试验90 d,其中预试期10 d,正式试验期80 d,第0、20、40、60、80 d称重,试验第80 d进行屠宰试验。结果显示,在0～20 d时,A组、D组、F组平均日采食量(ADFI)显著高于B组(P<0.05);在0～20 d时,A组、D组、F组平均日增重(ADG)显著高于B组、C组(P<0.05),在80 d,E组高于B组(P<0.05);在0～20 d,A组、B组、D组、E组、F组料重比(F/G)显著低于C组(P<0.05),80 d时,B组显著高于E组(P<0.05)。表明在肉羊育肥的不同时期,采用适宜的能量结构全混合颗粒日粮能够更好地促进动物生长;提高脂肪水平可以改善动物的屠宰性能和肉品质。
引文
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[15] Landim A V, Maximiliano T M, Castanheira M, et al. Fatty acid profile of hair lambs and their crossbreds slaughtered at different weights[J].Tropical Animal Health&Production, 2011, 43(8):1561-1566.
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[19] Realini C E, Duckett S K, Brito G W, et al. Effect of pasture vs. concentrate feeding with or without antioxidants on carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition, and quality of Uruguayan beef[J].Meat Science, 2004, 66(3):570-577.
[2] Huntington G B. Starch utilization by ruminants:from basics to the bunk[J]. J. Anim. Sci., 1997, 75(3):852.
[3]卢寿锋,嘎尔迪,齐智利,等.谷物淀粉的加工处理及其在奶牛生产中的应用[J].饲料广角,2004(8):18-19.
[4]朱森阳,汪国和,贾志海.反刍动物过瘤胃淀粉研究进展[J].中国饲料,2005(13):2-4.
[5] Weld K A, Armentano L E. The effects of adding fat to diets of lactating dairy cows on total-tract neutral detergent fiber digestibility:A meta analysis[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2017, 100(3):1766-1779.
[6]刘融,陶慧,李文娟,等.棕榈油脂肪粉与豆油对育肥期湖羊生长性能和营养物质消化利用的影响[J].动物营养学报,2019,31(3):1179-1187.
[7]王鸿泽.日粮能量水平对舍饲育肥牦牛生产性能、瘤胃发酵及肌内脂肪代谢的影响[D].雅安:四川农业大学,2015.
[8] Fluharty F L, Mcclure K E. Effects of dietary energy intake and protein concentration on performance and visceral organ mass in lambs[J]. Journal of Animal Science, 1997, 75(3):604.
[9]易昌华,贺建华.共轭亚油酸的免疫调节功能概述[J].广东畜牧兽医科技,2004(1):23-24,28.
[10] Galo, Emanuele, S. M. Effects of a polymer-coated urea product on nitrogen metabolism in lactating holstein dairy cattle[J]. Journal of Dairy Science, 2003, 86(6):2154-2162.
[11]杨东,刁其玉,马涛,等.阿魏酸和壳寡糖对蒙古杂交羊生长性能及脂肪沉积的影响[J].粮食与饲料工业,2018(9):43-48.
[12] Johnston K L, Lamport A I, Ballèvre O P, et al. Effects of oral administration of metronidazole on small intestinal bacteria and nutrients of cats[J]. American Journal of Veterinary Research, 2000, 61(9):1106-1112.
[13]王艳红.日粮淀粉水平对山羊α-淀粉酶活性及消化道形态的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2007.
[14] Bhatt R S, Tripathi M K, Verma D L, et al. Effect of different feeding regimes on pre-weaning growth rumen fermentation and its influence on post-weaning performance of lambs[J]. Journal of Animal Physiology&Animal Nutrition, 2010, 93(5):568-576.
[15] Landim A V, Maximiliano T M, Castanheira M, et al. Fatty acid profile of hair lambs and their crossbreds slaughtered at different weights[J].Tropical Animal Health&Production, 2011, 43(8):1561-1566.
[16]王波.日粮蛋白水平对早期断奶羔羊生长发育和肝脏基因表达的影响[D].北京:中国农业科学院,2016.
[17] Carvalho J R R, Chizzotti M L, Ramos E M, et al. Qualitative characteristics of meat from young bulls fed different levels of crude glycerin[J]. Meat Science, 2014, 96(2):977-983.
[18] Thornton K J, Welch C M, Davis L C, et al. Bovine sire selection based on maintenance energy affects muscle fiber type and meat colorofF-1progeny[J].JournalofAnimalScience,2012,90:1617-1627.
[19] Realini C E, Duckett S K, Brito G W, et al. Effect of pasture vs. concentrate feeding with or without antioxidants on carcass characteristics, fatty acid composition, and quality of Uruguayan beef[J].Meat Science, 2004, 66(3):570-577.