不同大别山山核桃优树含油率与脂肪酸组分含量分析
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摘要
为了解大别山山核桃优树间种仁含油率和脂肪酸组分含量差异,以18株初选优树的果实为研究材料,测定分析了果实含油率和脂肪酸组分含量。结果表明:优树种仁含油率为48.6%～70.3%,变异系数为7.83%。其中XZ5含油率最高,为70.3%;其次XZ2为68.4%,优树JZH和ZZ2含油率最低,仅为55.9%和48.6%。优树脂肪酸组分间以亚油酸变异系数最大,为21.23%;其次棕榈烯酸为14.36%,亚麻酸12.93%,硬脂酸10.05%;顺-11-二十碳烯酸、油酸和棕榈酸变异系数较小,分别为4.14%、4.43%和4.82%。油酸含量以XZ5最高,为81.8%,其次XZ1和XZ2,分别为81.3%和81.0%;亚油酸以ZZ2最高为17.8%,其次GJC4和ZW1,分别为17.5%和17.2%。多不饱和脂肪酸变异系数为20.07%,含量以ZZ2、GJC3和ZW1最高,分别为19.143%、18.984%和18.774%;单不饱和脂肪酸变异系数为4.40%,含量以XZ5、XZ1和XZ2最高,分别为81.976%、81.480%和81.181%;饱和脂肪酸变异系数为5.79%,含量以ZZ2最高为8.973%。大别山山核桃优树脂肪酸组分间存在一定的相关关系,其中油酸和亚油酸呈极显著的负相关关系,单不饱和脂肪酸含量与多不饱和脂肪酸和饱和脂肪酸呈极显著的负相关关系。
To understand oil content and fatty acid composition of different selected superior trees of Carya dabieshanensis, taking the fruits of 18 selected superior trees as materials, oil content and fatty acid composition were tested. The results show that the oil content of superior trees is 48.6%-70.3%, CV is 7.83%, oil content of XZ5 is the highest which is 70.3%, the second is XZ2 which is 68.4%, oil content of JZH and ZZ2 is the lowest,which is only 55.9% and 48.6%. The maximum variation coefficient of linoleic acid among the fatty acid components of the superior trees is 21.23%; the second palmitic acid is 14.36%, the linolenic acid is 12.93%, and the stearic acid is 10.05%. The coefficient of variation of cis-11-eicosenoic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid is small,4.14%, 4.43% and 4.82%, respectively. The oleic acid content was highest at XZ5, which is 81.8%, followed by XZ1 and XZ2, which are 81.3% and 81.0%, respectively. Linoleic acid has a maximum ZZ2 of 17.8%, followed by GJC4 and ZW1, which are 17.5% and 17.2%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is 20.07%, and the highest content is ZZ2, GJC3 and ZW1, which are 19.143%, 18.984% and 18.774%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of monounsaturated fatty acids is 4.40%, and the highest content is XZ5,XZ1 and XZ2, which are 81.976%, 81.480% and 81.181%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of saturated fatty acids is 5.79%, and the highest content of ZZ2 is 8.973%. There is a certain correlation between the fatty acid components of pecans in Dabieshan. There is a significant negative correlation between oleic acid and linoleic acid. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids is significantly negatively correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids
To understand oil content and fatty acid composition of different selected superior trees of Carya dabieshanensis, taking the fruits of 18 selected superior trees as materials, oil content and fatty acid composition were tested. The results show that the oil content of superior trees is 48.6%-70.3%, CV is 7.83%, oil content of XZ5 is the highest which is 70.3%, the second is XZ2 which is 68.4%, oil content of JZH and ZZ2 is the lowest,which is only 55.9% and 48.6%. The maximum variation coefficient of linoleic acid among the fatty acid components of the superior trees is 21.23%; the second palmitic acid is 14.36%, the linolenic acid is 12.93%, and the stearic acid is 10.05%. The coefficient of variation of cis-11-eicosenoic acid, oleic acid and palmitic acid is small,4.14%, 4.43% and 4.82%, respectively. The oleic acid content was highest at XZ5, which is 81.8%, followed by XZ1 and XZ2, which are 81.3% and 81.0%, respectively. Linoleic acid has a maximum ZZ2 of 17.8%, followed by GJC4 and ZW1, which are 17.5% and 17.2%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of polyunsaturated fatty acids is 20.07%, and the highest content is ZZ2, GJC3 and ZW1, which are 19.143%, 18.984% and 18.774%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of monounsaturated fatty acids is 4.40%, and the highest content is XZ5,XZ1 and XZ2, which are 81.976%, 81.480% and 81.181%, respectively. The coefficient of variation of saturated fatty acids is 5.79%, and the highest content of ZZ2 is 8.973%. There is a certain correlation between the fatty acid components of pecans in Dabieshan. There is a significant negative correlation between oleic acid and linoleic acid. The content of monounsaturated fatty acids is significantly negatively correlated with polyunsaturated fatty acids and saturated fatty acids
引文
[1]吕芳德,黄菁.山核桃属植物研究进展[J].经济林研究,2005,23(2):72-75.
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[7]谷卫彬,黎大爵.世界红花种质的籽油脂肪酸组分评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2002,11(1):17-19.
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[10]李勇鹏,潘莉,宁德鲁,等.不同处理核桃青果常温保鲜效果的比较[J].西部林业科学,2018,47(3):47-44.
[11]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.食品安全国家标准:食品中脂肪的测定:GB 5009.6-2016[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
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[13]李太武,李成华,宋林生,等.5个泥蚶群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].生物多样性,2003,11(2):118-124.
[14]邹喻苹,葛颂,王晓东.系统与进化植物学中的分子标记[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[15]郭传友,黄坚钦,王正加,等.大别山山核桃天然群体遗传结构的初步分析[J].激光生物学报,2007,16(5):589-584.
[16]李长喜.林木天然群体表型变异研究概述[J].林业科学研究,1988,1(6):657-664.
[17]牟洪香,侯新村,刘巧哲.不同地区文冠果种仁油脂脂肪酸组分及含量的变化规律[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(2):193-197.
[18]常君,杨水平,姚小华,等.美国山核桃果实性状变异规律研究[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(1):44-48.
[19]Savage G P,Dutta P C,Mc Neil D L.Fatty acid and tocopherol contents and oxidative stability of walnut oils[J].Journal of the American Oil Chemists'Society,1999,76(9):1059-1063.
[20]张鹏,钟海雁,姚小华,等.4种山核桃种仁含油率及脂肪酸组分比较分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(3):499-504.
[21]张家正,张大海,张艳敏,等.南疆栽培杏品种杏仁油脂脂肪酸组成及遗传多样性[J].园艺学报,2011,38(2):251-256.
[22]陈文静,刘翔如,邓秋菊,等.薄壳山核桃果实发育及脂肪酸累积变化规律[J].经济林研究,2016,34(2):50-55.
[2]王正加,黄有军,郭传友,等.大别山山核桃种群遗传多样性研究[J].植物生态学报,2006,30(3):534-538.
[3]Do Prado A C P,Manion B A,Seetharaman K,et al.Relationship between antioxidant properties and chemical composition of the oil and the shell of pecan nuts[Caryaillinoinensis(Wangenh)C.Koch][J].Industrial Crops and Products,2013,45:64-73.
[4]张美莉.食品功能成分的制备及其作用[M].北京:中国轻工业出版社,2007.
[5]张金丽,李靖,艾星梅,等.美国山核桃果实特征及粗纤维含量差异研究[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(5):103-109.
[6]朱万泽,范建容,彭建国,等.四川省油橄榄引种品种果实含油率及其脂肪酸分析[J].林业科学,2010,46(8):91-100.
[7]谷卫彬,黎大爵.世界红花种质的籽油脂肪酸组分评价[J].植物资源与环境学报,2002,11(1):17-19.
[8]费昭雪,彭少兵.陕南不同产地核桃综合性状评价[J].西南林业大学学报(自然科学),2018,38(5):90-96.
[9]周先锋,徐迎碧,殷彪,等.山核桃种仁油脂提取研究[J].粮油加工,2005,36(7):48-57.
[10]李勇鹏,潘莉,宁德鲁,等.不同处理核桃青果常温保鲜效果的比较[J].西部林业科学,2018,47(3):47-44.
[11]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.食品安全国家标准:食品中脂肪的测定:GB 5009.6-2016[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[12]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局,中国国家标准化管理委员会.食品安全国家标准:食品中脂肪酸的测定:GB 5009.168-2016[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2016.
[13]李太武,李成华,宋林生,等.5个泥蚶群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析[J].生物多样性,2003,11(2):118-124.
[14]邹喻苹,葛颂,王晓东.系统与进化植物学中的分子标记[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[15]郭传友,黄坚钦,王正加,等.大别山山核桃天然群体遗传结构的初步分析[J].激光生物学报,2007,16(5):589-584.
[16]李长喜.林木天然群体表型变异研究概述[J].林业科学研究,1988,1(6):657-664.
[17]牟洪香,侯新村,刘巧哲.不同地区文冠果种仁油脂脂肪酸组分及含量的变化规律[J].林业科学研究,2007,20(2):193-197.
[18]常君,杨水平,姚小华,等.美国山核桃果实性状变异规律研究[J].林业科学研究,2008,21(1):44-48.
[19]Savage G P,Dutta P C,Mc Neil D L.Fatty acid and tocopherol contents and oxidative stability of walnut oils[J].Journal of the American Oil Chemists'Society,1999,76(9):1059-1063.
[20]张鹏,钟海雁,姚小华,等.4种山核桃种仁含油率及脂肪酸组分比较分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2012,34(3):499-504.
[21]张家正,张大海,张艳敏,等.南疆栽培杏品种杏仁油脂脂肪酸组成及遗传多样性[J].园艺学报,2011,38(2):251-256.
[22]陈文静,刘翔如,邓秋菊,等.薄壳山核桃果实发育及脂肪酸累积变化规律[J].经济林研究,2016,34(2):50-55.