阿联酋超大型地震勘探项目采集技术规划与集成
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摘要
2018年7月19日,中国石油东方地球物理公司与阿联酋阿布扎比国家石油公司签订了勘探史上迄今最大的一个全三维勘探服务合同,勘探总面积达53 000 km~2,包含海、陆两部分;项目涵盖区域地表情况复杂多变,勘探层系多且深(3000～9000m),主要勘探目标为深部非常规油气的地层,成像精度要求高。针对此类超大型重点工程,采用了"分区划块、合而为一"策略:①在超大区域内根据地表与勘探目标的变化,统筹规划勘探片区,分片采用不同的装备配置;②不同区域根据实际情况再次划块,精确选择不同的优化采集方案,实现全勘探区域宽频、高密度、大偏移距、全方位地震采集;③针对海陆条件制定不同的高效采集方案,并采用稀疏反演分离方法来确保海陆高效混叠采集质量;④复杂浅海区域采用新型MASS节点,解决了由浅水区地形起伏引起的耦合问题和浅水区的环保问题。结果表明:超大型地震勘探项目的成功运作,需要提前规划、统筹协调和集成综合性的技术应用,该案例探索出一条大型地震勘探项目的高效优质降本的实施之路。
On July 19~(th), 2018, CNPC Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting Inc.(BGP Inc.) and Abu Dhabi National Oil Co.(ADNOC)signed a full 3 D service contract which is the largest one so far in exploration history. This contract involves offshore and onshore domains with total 53 000 km~2. In this project area, surface situations are complicated and diverse, there are many layers with great burial depth ranging from 3 000 m to 9 000 m, and the main targets belong to those deeper unconventional strata. For the sake of strict imaging accuracy, the strategies on "zone-block division, and integration into one" were mapped out, including(1) to plan exploration zones overall according to surface and target variation and to apply different devices in different zones,(2) to subdivide blocks according to actual situation and to select an optimal acquisition scheme accurately, so as to realize omnibearing seismic acquisition of wide frequency, high density, and large offset,(3) to formulate high-efficiency acquisition schemes for specific offshore and onshore domains, and to make use of sparse inversion separation methods to guarantee efficient alias acquisition quality,(4) to adopt novel MASS node in those complex shallower seas in order to solve coupling problems induced by topographic relief and ensure friendly environment. In order to implement this ultralarge project very successfully, it's necessary to make a planning in advance, carry out overall coordination, and integrate comprehensive technology. This project provides a practical way for other large seismic exploration projects with higher efficiency and better quality.
On July 19~(th), 2018, CNPC Bureau of Geophysical Prospecting Inc.(BGP Inc.) and Abu Dhabi National Oil Co.(ADNOC)signed a full 3 D service contract which is the largest one so far in exploration history. This contract involves offshore and onshore domains with total 53 000 km~2. In this project area, surface situations are complicated and diverse, there are many layers with great burial depth ranging from 3 000 m to 9 000 m, and the main targets belong to those deeper unconventional strata. For the sake of strict imaging accuracy, the strategies on "zone-block division, and integration into one" were mapped out, including(1) to plan exploration zones overall according to surface and target variation and to apply different devices in different zones,(2) to subdivide blocks according to actual situation and to select an optimal acquisition scheme accurately, so as to realize omnibearing seismic acquisition of wide frequency, high density, and large offset,(3) to formulate high-efficiency acquisition schemes for specific offshore and onshore domains, and to make use of sparse inversion separation methods to guarantee efficient alias acquisition quality,(4) to adopt novel MASS node in those complex shallower seas in order to solve coupling problems induced by topographic relief and ensure friendly environment. In order to implement this ultralarge project very successfully, it's necessary to make a planning in advance, carry out overall coordination, and integrate comprehensive technology. This project provides a practical way for other large seismic exploration projects with higher efficiency and better quality.
引文
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[11]石双虎,邓志文,段英杰,等.高效地震勘探数据采集智能化质控技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(增刊1):7-11.Shi Shuanghu,Deng Zhiwen,Duan Yingjie,et al.Intelligent quality control in high efficiency seismic data acquisition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(S1):7-11.
[12]段昌平,陶龙书,齐永飞,等.现场实时质控技术在大道数高效采集中的应用[C]//中国石油学会物探技术研讨会.北京,2017.Duan Changping,Tao Longshu,Qi Yongfei,et al.Application of RTQC in high-productivity acquisition with super spread[C]//Geophysical Prospecting Technical Seminar of China Petroleum Society.Beijing,2017.
[13]霍禹,齐永飞,许友宝,等.RTQC在高效采集项目中的应用[C]//EAGE年会.巴黎,2017.Huo Yu,Qi Yongfei,Xu Youbao,et al.Applications of real time quality control in high-productivity acquisition project[C]//Conference of EAGA.Paris,France,2017.
[14]侯成福,鄂殿梁,齐永飞,等.大道数可控震源动态滑扫技术的实现方法及应用[C]//第九届国际石油技术大会(IPTC).泰国,2015.Hou Chengfu,E Dianliang,Qi Yongfei,et al.Implementation of dynamic slip-sweep techniques with super spread[C]//Proceedings of the 9th International Petroleum Technique Conference.2015.
[15]石双虎,李培明,白光宇,等.自动优化设计在过渡带三维地震勘探中的应用[J].地震工程学报,2015,37(2):629-633.Shi Shuanghu,Li Peiming,Bai Guangyu,et al.Application of auto-optimization design to three-dimensional seismic exploration in transitional zone[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2015,37(2):629-633.
[16]Sallas JJ&Corrigan D.Method and apparatus for source separation of seismic vibratory signals:5719821[P].1998-02-17.
[17]Krohn CE&Johnson ML.Method for continuous sweeping and separation of multiple seismic vibrators:7515505[P].2009-04-07.
[18]宋家文,李培明,王文闯,等.基于稀疏反演的高效混采数据分离方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2019,54(2):268-273.Song Jiawen,Li Peiming,Wang Wenchuang,et al.High-productivity blended acquired data separation by sparse inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2019,54(2):268-273.
[2]骆飞,陶知非,石双虎,等.陆上低频可控震源宽频地震解决方案[C]//苏丹第7届地球物理勘探年会.喀土穆,2017.Luo Fei,Tao Zhifei,Shi Shuanghu,et al.Broadband seismic solutions with LF land vibroseis[C]//SAPEG 7th Conference&Exhibition.
[3]张慕刚,骆飞,汪长辉,等.“两宽一高”地震采集技术工业化应用的进展[J]天然气工业2017,37(11):1-8.Zhang Mugang,Luo Fei,Wang Changhui,et al.Industrialization progress of Wide-azimuth,Broadband,and High-density(WBH)seismic acquisition technique[J].Natural Gas Industry,2017,37(11):1-8.
[4]刘义,齐永飞,陶龙书,等.动态滑扫技术在大道数跨线束采集中的应用及效果分析[C]//CPS/SEG2014年国际地球物理会议论文集.北京:中国石油学会,2014.Liu Yi,Qi Yongfei,Tao Longshu,et al.Applications and effect analysis of the dynamic slip-sweep acquisition techniques during crossing swath operation[C]//Beijing International Geophysical Conference and Exhibition of CPS/SEG.Beijing:China Petroleum Society,2014.
[5]陶知非.应对当今地震勘探需求与挑战的高精度可控震源[J].天然气勘探与开发,2018,41(3):1-6.Tao Zhifei.High-precision vibroseis to meet demands and challenges of current geophysical prospecting[J].Natural Gas Exploration and Development,2018,41(3):1-6.
[6]骆飞,梁晓峰,陈国栋,等.基于近场子波的宽频扫描信号设计[C]//CPS/SEG北京国际地球物理会议暨展览会.2014.Luo Fei,Liang Xiaofeng,Chen Guodong,et al.Design of broadband sweep signal using the statistical near field wavelet[C]//CPS/SEG Beijing 2014 International Geophysical Conference.Beijing China:SEG,2014.
[7]侯成福,邓志文,汪长辉,等.可控震源高效采集技术的实现方法及应用[C]//第84届SEG年会.丹佛,2014.Hou Chengfu,Deng Zhiwen,Wang Changhui,et al.Implementation methods and applications of High-Productivity vibroseis techniques[C]//SEG 84th annual conference,Denver,2014.
[8]魏国伟,曾宪龙,张奎,等.高效采集所用的关键技术[C]//SPG/SEG国际地球物理会议.北京,2016.Wei Guowei,Zeng Xianlong,Zhang Kui,et al.The key techniques of high-productivity acquisition applied in Middle East[C]//International Geophysical conference of SPG/SEG.Beijing,2016.
[9]梁佳彬,齐永飞,侯成福,等.科学计算在动态滑扫效率估算及优化方面的应用[C]//SPG/SEG国际地球物理会议.北京,2018.Liang Jiabin,Qi Yongfei,Hou Chengfu,et al.Application of scientific calculation in the efficiency estimation of Dynamic Slip Sweep acquisition[C]//International Geophysical Conference and Exhibition of SPG/SEG.Beijing,2018.
[10]尚永生,刘进宝,张慕刚.数字化地震队高效无线采集技术[C]//CPS/SEG国际地球物理会议暨展览.北京,2014.Shang Yongsheng,Liu Jinbao&Zhang Mugang.High-Productivity wireless acquisition techniques for digital seismic crew[C]//Beijing International Geophysical Conference and Exhibition of CPS/SEG.Beijing,2014.
[11]石双虎,邓志文,段英杰,等.高效地震勘探数据采集智能化质控技术[J].石油地球物理勘探,2013,48(增刊1):7-11.Shi Shuanghu,Deng Zhiwen,Duan Yingjie,et al.Intelligent quality control in high efficiency seismic data acquisition[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2013,48(S1):7-11.
[12]段昌平,陶龙书,齐永飞,等.现场实时质控技术在大道数高效采集中的应用[C]//中国石油学会物探技术研讨会.北京,2017.Duan Changping,Tao Longshu,Qi Yongfei,et al.Application of RTQC in high-productivity acquisition with super spread[C]//Geophysical Prospecting Technical Seminar of China Petroleum Society.Beijing,2017.
[13]霍禹,齐永飞,许友宝,等.RTQC在高效采集项目中的应用[C]//EAGE年会.巴黎,2017.Huo Yu,Qi Yongfei,Xu Youbao,et al.Applications of real time quality control in high-productivity acquisition project[C]//Conference of EAGA.Paris,France,2017.
[14]侯成福,鄂殿梁,齐永飞,等.大道数可控震源动态滑扫技术的实现方法及应用[C]//第九届国际石油技术大会(IPTC).泰国,2015.Hou Chengfu,E Dianliang,Qi Yongfei,et al.Implementation of dynamic slip-sweep techniques with super spread[C]//Proceedings of the 9th International Petroleum Technique Conference.2015.
[15]石双虎,李培明,白光宇,等.自动优化设计在过渡带三维地震勘探中的应用[J].地震工程学报,2015,37(2):629-633.Shi Shuanghu,Li Peiming,Bai Guangyu,et al.Application of auto-optimization design to three-dimensional seismic exploration in transitional zone[J].China Earthquake Engineering Journal,2015,37(2):629-633.
[16]Sallas JJ&Corrigan D.Method and apparatus for source separation of seismic vibratory signals:5719821[P].1998-02-17.
[17]Krohn CE&Johnson ML.Method for continuous sweeping and separation of multiple seismic vibrators:7515505[P].2009-04-07.
[18]宋家文,李培明,王文闯,等.基于稀疏反演的高效混采数据分离方法[J].石油地球物理勘探,2019,54(2):268-273.Song Jiawen,Li Peiming,Wang Wenchuang,et al.High-productivity blended acquired data separation by sparse inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting,2019,54(2):268-273.