硅氮配施对寒地水稻产量品质及抗倒性的影响
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摘要
为探究氮硅配施对寒地水稻产量、品质及抗倒性的影响,明确高产优质的硅氮优化管理措施,在盆栽条件下,采用二因素完全随机设计,进行2个硅肥水平下3个氮水平的试验研究。结果表明:A2处理穗数、穗粒数、结实率、产量较A1处理分别提高4.95%、1.20%、0.29%、5.14%;随施氮量增加穗数、产量呈增加趋势,硅氮互作对产量及构成因素不显著。施硅能够极显著改善加工品质,减氮利于改善外观品质,蛋白质含量最低为8.30%,食味值提高,且达到极显著水平。垩白粒率和垩白度在硅氮互作间达到显著水平;施硅能够提高各节间茎秆抗折力,A2处理抗倒伏指数与A1处理相比提高了18.40%。在B3条件下,A2处理的各节间抗折力、抗倒伏指数极显著或显著高于A1处理,分别高63.30%、114.50%、70.60%和76.10%。氮肥和硅肥运筹以二者对应最优指标施用量的组合为最优配比。
The study is meant to explore for the optimal management of silicon and nitrogen application by examining the effects of combined application of nitrogen and silicon on the yield, quality and lodging resistance of the cold region rice. Under the potted conditions, a completely randomized two-factor experiment was conducted, studying the effect of three levels of nitrogen combined with two levels of silicon. The results showed that the number of spikes, spikelets, seed sets and yield of A2 treatment increased by 4. 95%,1.20%,0. 29%and 5. 14%, respectively. While the number of spikes and yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, no significant relevance was found between the co-application of silicon and nitrogen and the yield or factors contributing to the yield. Silicon application could significantly improve the processing, nitrogen reduction was good for improving the appearance, the lowest protein content was 8. 30%, and the taste also improved very significantly. The rate of chalky grains and the amount of chalkiness reached a significant level under the controlled co-application of the silicon and nitrogen. The application of silicon increased the flexural resistance of the stems,and the A2 treatment lodging resistance index increased by 18.40% compared with the A1 treatment. Under the condition of B3, the flexural resistance and the lodging resistance index of the A2 treatment were extremely significant or significantly higher than those of the A1 treatment, which amounted to63. 30%,114. 50%,70. 60% and 76. 10%, respectively. The solution of the optimal combination of the nitrogen fertilizer and silicon fertilizer was the co-application of them in the optimal ratio between optimal indexes.
The study is meant to explore for the optimal management of silicon and nitrogen application by examining the effects of combined application of nitrogen and silicon on the yield, quality and lodging resistance of the cold region rice. Under the potted conditions, a completely randomized two-factor experiment was conducted, studying the effect of three levels of nitrogen combined with two levels of silicon. The results showed that the number of spikes, spikelets, seed sets and yield of A2 treatment increased by 4. 95%,1.20%,0. 29%and 5. 14%, respectively. While the number of spikes and yield increased with the increase of nitrogen application rate, no significant relevance was found between the co-application of silicon and nitrogen and the yield or factors contributing to the yield. Silicon application could significantly improve the processing, nitrogen reduction was good for improving the appearance, the lowest protein content was 8. 30%, and the taste also improved very significantly. The rate of chalky grains and the amount of chalkiness reached a significant level under the controlled co-application of the silicon and nitrogen. The application of silicon increased the flexural resistance of the stems,and the A2 treatment lodging resistance index increased by 18.40% compared with the A1 treatment. Under the condition of B3, the flexural resistance and the lodging resistance index of the A2 treatment were extremely significant or significantly higher than those of the A1 treatment, which amounted to63. 30%,114. 50%,70. 60% and 76. 10%, respectively. The solution of the optimal combination of the nitrogen fertilizer and silicon fertilizer was the co-application of them in the optimal ratio between optimal indexes.
引文
[1]陆福勇,江立庚,秦华东,等.不同氮、硅用量对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2005,11(6):846-850.
[2]高丹,陈基宁,蔡昆争,等.硅在植物体内的分布和吸收及其在病害逆境胁迫中的抗性作用[J].生态学报,2010,30(10):2745-2755.
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[4]蒋明金,孙永健,徐徽,等.播种量与氮肥运筹对直播杂交籼稻抗倒伏潜力及产量的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,40(6):627-637.
[5]陈书强,赵海新,杜晓东,等.氮肥运筹对黑龙江省第三积温带水稻抗倒伏能力的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(S1):390-394.
[6]胡群,夏敏,张洪程,等.氮肥运筹对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(03):420-431.
[7]马同生,冯亚军,梁永超,等.江苏沿江地区水稻土硅素供应力与硅肥施用[J].土壤,1994,26(3):154-156.
[8]张上都,伍祥,涂敏,等.氮肥水平对Y两优585稻米品质的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2014(11):105-108.
[9]陶进,钱希旸,剧成欣,等.不同年代中籼水稻品种的米质及其对氮肥的响应[J].作物学报,2016,42(9):1352-1362.
[10]杨艳华,朱镇,张亚东,等.水稻不同生育期茎秆生化成分的变化及其与抗倒伏能力的关系[J].植物生理学报,2011,47(12):1181-1187.
[11]商全玉,张文忠,韩亚东,荣蓉,徐海,徐正进,陈温福.硅肥对北方粳稻产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(6):661-664..
[12]李金才,尹钧,魏凤珍.播种密度对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒指数的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31(5):662-666.
[13]江立庚,曹卫星,甘秀芹,等.水稻氮素吸收、利用与硅素营养的关系[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(5):648-655.
[14]徐正进,陈温福,马殿荣,等.辽宁水稻食味值及其与品质性状的关系[J].作物学报,2005,31(8):1092-1094.
[15]肖尧.氮硅互作对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2011(2):313-315.
[16]商全玉,张文忠,韩亚东,等.硅肥对北方粳稻产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(6):661-664.
[17]张国良,戴其根,张洪程.施硅增强水稻对纹枯病的抗性[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2006,32(5):600-606.
[18]周青,潘国庆,施作家,等.不同时期施用硅肥对水稻群体质量及产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2001(3):25-27.
[19]李卫国,任永玲.氮、磷、钾、硅肥配施对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响[J].山西农业科学,2001,29(1):53-58.
[20]张丰转,金正勋,马国辉,等.水稻抗倒性与茎秆形态性状和化学成分含量间相关分析[J].作物杂志,2010(4):15-19.
[21]申广勒,石英尧,黄艳玲,等.水稻抗倒伏特性及其与茎秆性状的相关性研究[J].中国农业科学,2007,23(12):58-62.
[22]李国辉,钟旭华,田卡,等.施氮对水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响及其形态和力学机理[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(7):1323-1334.
[23]孙永健,陈宇,孙园园,等.不同施氮量和栽插密度下三角形强化栽培杂交稻抗倒伏性与群体质量的关系[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(2):189-196.
[24]杨艳华,朱镇,张亚东,等.水稻不同生育期茎秆生化成分的变化及其与抗倒伏能力的关系[J].植物生理学报,2011,47(12):1181-1187.
[25]陈书强,赵海新,杨丽敏,等.寒地水稻高产抗倒伏调控技术的初步研究[J].华北农学报,2013,28(6):159-165.
[26]孔宇,张文忠,高继平,等.钾硅镁配施对寒地水稻产量及品质的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2016,47(2):224-229.
[27]张国良,戴其根,王建武,等.施硅量对粳稻品种'武育粳3号'产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(3):299-303.
[28]张学军,冯卫东,宋德印,等.施用硅钙磷肥对水稻生长、产量及品质的研究初报[J].宁夏农业科技,2000(1):37-38.
[29]李发林.硅肥的功效及施用技术[J].云南农业,1997(9):16.
[30]金正勋,朱方旭,张忠臣,等.硅肥施用量及时期对寒地水稻产量和品质性状及抗倒性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(10):49-53.
[31]卢维盛,李华兴.施硅对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2002,23(1):92.
[32]王翠娟,尹振功.施硅量对粳稻新品种'育龙2号'产量和品质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013(9):41-42.
[33]徐红生.施硅对水稻抗倒、抗旱及产量和品质的影响[D].广州:华南农业大学,2005.
[2]高丹,陈基宁,蔡昆争,等.硅在植物体内的分布和吸收及其在病害逆境胁迫中的抗性作用[J].生态学报,2010,30(10):2745-2755.
[3]冯洋,陈海飞,胡孝明,等.高、中、低产田水稻适宜施氮量和氮肥利用率的研究[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2014,20(1):7-16.
[4]蒋明金,孙永健,徐徽,等.播种量与氮肥运筹对直播杂交籼稻抗倒伏潜力及产量的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2014,40(6):627-637.
[5]陈书强,赵海新,杜晓东,等.氮肥运筹对黑龙江省第三积温带水稻抗倒伏能力的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(S1):390-394.
[6]胡群,夏敏,张洪程,等.氮肥运筹对钵苗机插优质食味水稻产量及品质的影响[J].作物学报,2017,43(03):420-431.
[7]马同生,冯亚军,梁永超,等.江苏沿江地区水稻土硅素供应力与硅肥施用[J].土壤,1994,26(3):154-156.
[8]张上都,伍祥,涂敏,等.氮肥水平对Y两优585稻米品质的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2014(11):105-108.
[9]陶进,钱希旸,剧成欣,等.不同年代中籼水稻品种的米质及其对氮肥的响应[J].作物学报,2016,42(9):1352-1362.
[10]杨艳华,朱镇,张亚东,等.水稻不同生育期茎秆生化成分的变化及其与抗倒伏能力的关系[J].植物生理学报,2011,47(12):1181-1187.
[11]商全玉,张文忠,韩亚东,荣蓉,徐海,徐正进,陈温福.硅肥对北方粳稻产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(6):661-664..
[12]李金才,尹钧,魏凤珍.播种密度对冬小麦茎秆形态特征和抗倒指数的影响[J].作物学报,2005,31(5):662-666.
[13]江立庚,曹卫星,甘秀芹,等.水稻氮素吸收、利用与硅素营养的关系[J].中国农业科学,2004,37(5):648-655.
[14]徐正进,陈温福,马殿荣,等.辽宁水稻食味值及其与品质性状的关系[J].作物学报,2005,31(8):1092-1094.
[15]肖尧.氮硅互作对水稻产量和品质的影响[J].浙江农业科学,2011(2):313-315.
[16]商全玉,张文忠,韩亚东,等.硅肥对北方粳稻产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2009,23(6):661-664.
[17]张国良,戴其根,张洪程.施硅增强水稻对纹枯病的抗性[J].植物生理与分子生物学学报,2006,32(5):600-606.
[18]周青,潘国庆,施作家,等.不同时期施用硅肥对水稻群体质量及产量的影响[J].耕作与栽培,2001(3):25-27.
[19]李卫国,任永玲.氮、磷、钾、硅肥配施对水稻产量及其构成因素的影响[J].山西农业科学,2001,29(1):53-58.
[20]张丰转,金正勋,马国辉,等.水稻抗倒性与茎秆形态性状和化学成分含量间相关分析[J].作物杂志,2010(4):15-19.
[21]申广勒,石英尧,黄艳玲,等.水稻抗倒伏特性及其与茎秆性状的相关性研究[J].中国农业科学,2007,23(12):58-62.
[22]李国辉,钟旭华,田卡,等.施氮对水稻茎秆抗倒伏能力的影响及其形态和力学机理[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(7):1323-1334.
[23]孙永健,陈宇,孙园园,等.不同施氮量和栽插密度下三角形强化栽培杂交稻抗倒伏性与群体质量的关系[J].中国水稻科学,2012,26(2):189-196.
[24]杨艳华,朱镇,张亚东,等.水稻不同生育期茎秆生化成分的变化及其与抗倒伏能力的关系[J].植物生理学报,2011,47(12):1181-1187.
[25]陈书强,赵海新,杨丽敏,等.寒地水稻高产抗倒伏调控技术的初步研究[J].华北农学报,2013,28(6):159-165.
[26]孔宇,张文忠,高继平,等.钾硅镁配施对寒地水稻产量及品质的影响[J].沈阳农业大学学报,2016,47(2):224-229.
[27]张国良,戴其根,王建武,等.施硅量对粳稻品种'武育粳3号'产量和品质的影响[J].中国水稻科学,2007,21(3):299-303.
[28]张学军,冯卫东,宋德印,等.施用硅钙磷肥对水稻生长、产量及品质的研究初报[J].宁夏农业科技,2000(1):37-38.
[29]李发林.硅肥的功效及施用技术[J].云南农业,1997(9):16.
[30]金正勋,朱方旭,张忠臣,等.硅肥施用量及时期对寒地水稻产量和品质性状及抗倒性的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2015(10):49-53.
[31]卢维盛,李华兴.施硅对水稻产量及稻米品质的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2002,23(1):92.
[32]王翠娟,尹振功.施硅量对粳稻新品种'育龙2号'产量和品质的影响[J].黑龙江农业科学,2013(9):41-42.
[33]徐红生.施硅对水稻抗倒、抗旱及产量和品质的影响[D].广州:华南农业大学,2005.