民国时期山西实用主义技术经济政策及其局限性
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摘要
民国初年,山西的经济已陷入严重困境,在"兴办实业"、"造产救国"方略的指导下,当时的省政府在农业、工业、教育等领域实施了一系列实用主义技术经济政策。文章基于史料分析,对这些政策的内容进行了梳理,对其执行情况进行了分析,研究认为这些技术经济政策的推行使农业经济有所发展,工业生产力有较大提高,民众科学知识增强,为山西培养了大批科技人才,在一定意义上推动了当时科学技术和社会经济的发展,具有积极的影响。文章进一步阐明了由于时代和政策制定者的历史局限性,这些政策在制定之初就有缺失之处,且由于实用主义的倾向,使整个山西基础科学的研究不足,在实践中缺乏技术创新发展的持续动力,因而其效应也必然是有限的。
In the early years of the Republic of China, Shanxi's economy was in serious trouble. Under the guidance of the strategy of "establishing industry" and "Production to save the country", the provincial government implemented a series of pragmatic technical and economic policies in agriculture, industry and education field. This article sorts out the contents of these policies and studies its implementation based on historical data analysis. It is analyzed that the implementation of these technical economic policies has developed the agricultural economy, increased industrial productivity, enhanced the scientific knowledge of the people, and cultivated a large number of scientific and technological talents, which promoted the development of science and technology and social economy at that time in a certain sense, and had a positive impact. It is further clarified that due to the historical limitations of the times and policy makers, these policies have their flaw at the beginning of the formulation, and due to the tendency of pragmatism, the research on the basic science of Shanxi is insufficient, and lack of continuous motivation for technological innovation in practice, and therefore its effect is bound to be limited.
In the early years of the Republic of China, Shanxi's economy was in serious trouble. Under the guidance of the strategy of "establishing industry" and "Production to save the country", the provincial government implemented a series of pragmatic technical and economic policies in agriculture, industry and education field. This article sorts out the contents of these policies and studies its implementation based on historical data analysis. It is analyzed that the implementation of these technical economic policies has developed the agricultural economy, increased industrial productivity, enhanced the scientific knowledge of the people, and cultivated a large number of scientific and technological talents, which promoted the development of science and technology and social economy at that time in a certain sense, and had a positive impact. It is further clarified that due to the historical limitations of the times and policy makers, these policies have their flaw at the beginning of the formulation, and due to the tendency of pragmatism, the research on the basic science of Shanxi is insufficient, and lack of continuous motivation for technological innovation in practice, and therefore its effect is bound to be limited.
引文
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