壳寡糖对异育银鲫生长性能、肠道组织结构和非特异性免疫功能的影响
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摘要
本试验旨在研究壳寡糖(COS)对异育银鲫生长性能、肠道组织结构及非特异性免疫功能的影响。在含正常豆油、氧化豆油的基础饲料中分别添加0、0.02%、0.04%、0.06%的COS,共配制成8种试验饲料(CG、OO、CG-200、CG-400、CG-600、OO-200、OO-400、OO-600)。其中,以油脂原料为豆油的未添加COS的饲料(CG)作为正对照组,以油脂原料为氧化豆油的未添加COS的饲料(OO)作为负对照组。将初始体重为(7.60±0.05) g的960尾异育银鲫随机分成8组,每组设3个重复(网箱),每个重复40尾鱼,在池塘网箱中养殖72 d。结果显示:与CG组相比,CG-200组的特定生长率(SGR)升高了16.20%(P<0.05),CG-400和CG-600组则无显著变化(P>0.05); CG-200组肠皱襞高度增加了86.84%(P <0.05),肠壁厚度增加了20.45%(P <0.05),肠皱襞宽度减少了12. 18%(P> 0. 05),血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性上升了6. 59%(P>0.05),血清丙二醛(MDA)含量下降了16.94%(P>0.05); OO组SGR下降了8.10%(P <0.05),肠皱襞高度降低了17.81%(P<0.05),肠皱襞宽度增加了70.37%(P <0.05),肠壁厚度减少了30.33%(P>0.05),血清SOD活性下降了27.35%(P<0.05),血清MDA含量上升了25.72%(P<0.05)。与OO组比,OO-200、OO-400、OO-600组SGR升高不显著(P>0.05),其中OO-400组肠皱襞高度增加了18.89%(P<0.05),肠皱襞宽度降低了42.99%(P<0.05),肠壁厚度增加了38.35%(P>0.05),血清SOD活性上升了40.90%(P<0.05),血清M DA含量下降了16.20%(P>0.05)。OO-400组在SGR、肠道结构、血清SOD活性及M DA含量等指标上达到了与CG组相同的水平。本试验条件下,根据结果得出:在含4%豆油的常规饲料中添加0.02%的COS可以促进异育银鲫生长,改善肠道结构,提高鱼体非特异性免疫功能;氧化豆油会对异育鲫鱼的生长和健康造成负面影响,在该饲料中添加0.04%的COS可改善由氧化豆油引起的负面影响,使异育银鲫的健康程度达到正常水平。
In order to study the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides( COS) on growth performance,intestinal structure and non-specific immune function of crucian carp( Carassius auratus gibelio),eight experimental diets were formulated which added 0,0. 02%,0. 04% and 0. 06% COS into basal diets containing normal soybean oil or oxidized soybean oil,respectively,and those diets were named as CG,OO,CG-200,CG-400,CG-600,OO-200,OO-400 and OO-600,respectively. The diet which did not add COS and take normal soybean oil as oil material( CG) was set as a positive control group,and the diet which did not add COS and take oxidized soybean oil as oil material( OO) was set as a negative control group. A total of 960 crucian carp with an initial body weight of( 7.60±0.05) g were randomly divided into 8 groups with 3 replicates( net cages) per group and 40 fish per replicate,and cultured in a pond net cage for 72 d. The results showed that,compared with CG group,the specific growth rate( SGR) of CG-200 group was increased by 16.20%( P < 0.05),but that of CG-400 and CG-600 groups had no significant change( P>0.05); the intestinal fold height and intestinal wall thickness were increased by 86.84% and 20.45%( P<0.05),the intestinal fold width was decreased by 12.18%( P>0.05),the serum superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity was increased by 6.59%( P > 0.05)and the serum malondialdehyde( MDA) content was decreased by 16.94%( P>0.05) of CG-200 group; the SGR was decreased by 8.10%( P<0.05),the intestinal fold height was decreased by 17. 81%,the intestinal fold width was increased by 70.30%( P<0.05),the intestinal wall thickness was decreased by 30.33%( P >0.05),the serum SOD activity was decreased 27.35%( P<0.05) and the serum MDA content was increased by 25.72%( P<0.05) of OO group. Compared with the OO group,the SGR of OO-200,OO-400 and OO-600 groups was tend to increase( P>0.05). The intestinal fold height was increased by 18. 89%( P < 0. 05),the intestinal fold width was decreased by 42.99%( P < 0.05),the intestinal wall thickness was decreased by38.35%( P>0.05),the serum SOD activity was increased by 40.90%( P<0.05) and the serum MDA content was decreased 16.20%( P>0.05) of OO-400 group. The fish of OO-400 group achieved the similar states in SGR,intestinal structure,serum SOD activity and MDA content as those of CG group. In this experiment,the results indicate that,the growth,intestinal structure and non-specific immunity of crucian carp can be improved by adding 0.02% COS to a 4% soybean oil routine diet. Oxidized oil in the diet has negative effects on the growth and health of crucian carp. Adding 0.04% COS to a 4% oxidized soybean oil diet can improve the negative effects which caused by oxidizing oil,and can adjust the health degree of crucian carp to the normal level.
In order to study the effects of chitosan oligosaccharides( COS) on growth performance,intestinal structure and non-specific immune function of crucian carp( Carassius auratus gibelio),eight experimental diets were formulated which added 0,0. 02%,0. 04% and 0. 06% COS into basal diets containing normal soybean oil or oxidized soybean oil,respectively,and those diets were named as CG,OO,CG-200,CG-400,CG-600,OO-200,OO-400 and OO-600,respectively. The diet which did not add COS and take normal soybean oil as oil material( CG) was set as a positive control group,and the diet which did not add COS and take oxidized soybean oil as oil material( OO) was set as a negative control group. A total of 960 crucian carp with an initial body weight of( 7.60±0.05) g were randomly divided into 8 groups with 3 replicates( net cages) per group and 40 fish per replicate,and cultured in a pond net cage for 72 d. The results showed that,compared with CG group,the specific growth rate( SGR) of CG-200 group was increased by 16.20%( P < 0.05),but that of CG-400 and CG-600 groups had no significant change( P>0.05); the intestinal fold height and intestinal wall thickness were increased by 86.84% and 20.45%( P<0.05),the intestinal fold width was decreased by 12.18%( P>0.05),the serum superoxide dismutase( SOD) activity was increased by 6.59%( P > 0.05)and the serum malondialdehyde( MDA) content was decreased by 16.94%( P>0.05) of CG-200 group; the SGR was decreased by 8.10%( P<0.05),the intestinal fold height was decreased by 17. 81%,the intestinal fold width was increased by 70.30%( P<0.05),the intestinal wall thickness was decreased by 30.33%( P >0.05),the serum SOD activity was decreased 27.35%( P<0.05) and the serum MDA content was increased by 25.72%( P<0.05) of OO group. Compared with the OO group,the SGR of OO-200,OO-400 and OO-600 groups was tend to increase( P>0.05). The intestinal fold height was increased by 18. 89%( P < 0. 05),the intestinal fold width was decreased by 42.99%( P < 0.05),the intestinal wall thickness was decreased by38.35%( P>0.05),the serum SOD activity was increased by 40.90%( P<0.05) and the serum MDA content was decreased 16.20%( P>0.05) of OO-400 group. The fish of OO-400 group achieved the similar states in SGR,intestinal structure,serum SOD activity and MDA content as those of CG group. In this experiment,the results indicate that,the growth,intestinal structure and non-specific immunity of crucian carp can be improved by adding 0.02% COS to a 4% soybean oil routine diet. Oxidized oil in the diet has negative effects on the growth and health of crucian carp. Adding 0.04% COS to a 4% oxidized soybean oil diet can improve the negative effects which caused by oxidizing oil,and can adjust the health degree of crucian carp to the normal level.
引文
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[18]吴莉芳,邢秀苹,赖红娥,等.大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin对鲤稚鱼和幼鱼肠道组织的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(10):7-14.
[19] DIMITROGLOU A,MERRIFIELD D L,SPRING P,et al.Effects of mannan oligosaccharide(M OS)supplementation on grow th performance,feed utilisation,intestinal histology and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata)[J]. Aquaculture,2010,300(1/2/3/4):182-188.
[20] PRYOR G S,ROYES J B,CHAPMAN F A,et al.M annanoligosaccharides in fish nutrition:effects of dietary supplementation on grow th and gastrointestinal villi structure in gulf of mexico sturgeon[J].North American Journal of Aquaculture,2003,65(2):106-111.
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[22]刘爱君,冷向军,李小勤,等.甘露寡糖对奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus)生长、肠道结构和非特异性免疫的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2009,35(3):329-336.
[23]竺国芳,赵鲁杭.几丁寡糖和壳寡糖的研究进展[J].中国海洋药物,2000,19(1):43-46.
[24]李凤娜,王继成.寡糖对肠道菌群的调节及常用研究方法[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2005,10(4):23-25.
[25]杨保和,袁明凤,唐精.氧化油脂对水产动物的危害[J].饲料博览,2013(4):35-39.
[26] GAO J,KOSHIO S,ISHIKAWA M,et al.Effect of dietary oxidized fish oil and vitamin C supplementation on grow th performance and reduction of oxidative stress in Red Sea bream Pagrus major[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition,2013,19(1):35-44.
[27] REHULKA J.Effect of hydrolytically changed and oxidized fat in dry pellets on the health of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss(Richardson)[J]. Aquaculture Research,2010,21(4):419-434.
[28]陈科全,叶元土,蔡春芳,等.饲料氧化鱼油引起草鱼肠道结构损伤、通透性增加[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(4):804-813.
[29] FENG T,DU Y M,LI J,et al.Antioxidant activity of half N-acetylated w ater-soluble chitosan in vitro[J].European Food Research and Technology,2007,225(1):133-138.
[30] JE J Y,PARK P J,KIM S K.Radical scavenging activity of hetero-chitooligosaccharides[J]. European Food Research and Technology,2004,219(1):60-65.
[2] SU Y C,JANG M K,NAH J W.Influence of molecular w eight on oral absorption of w ater soluble chitosans[J]. Journal of Controlled Release,2005,102(2):383-394.
[3]苏鹏,潘金露,韩雨哲,等.壳寡糖对红鳍东方鲀血液指标和非特异性免疫指标的影响[J].大连海洋大学学报,2016(1):37-43.
[4]田娟,孙立威,文华,等.壳寡糖对吉富罗非鱼幼鱼生长性能、前肠组织结构及肠道主要菌群的影响[J].中国水产科学,2013,20(3):561-568.
[5] NIU J,LIN H Z,JIANG S G,et al. Comparison of effect of chitin,chitosan,chitosan oligosaccharide and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine on grow th performance,antioxidant defenses and oxidative stress status of Penaeus monodon[J].Aquaculture,2013,372(1):1-8.
[6]徐文斌,孙晓波.异育银鲫的生物学特性及其在我省的增养殖前景[J].黑龙江水产,1993(2):38-39.
[7]陈静,李婧慧,刘训猛,等.江苏鲫鱼养殖产业发展现状与产业亟待解决问题[J].科学养鱼,2014(12):1-2.
[8]储卫华.异育银鲫细菌性败血症病原与防治研究[J].水利渔业,2001,21(1):40.
[9]耿昕颖,王家祯,董文龙,等.异育银鲫嗜水气单胞菌的分离鉴定与病理组织学观察[J].中国兽医杂志,2016,52(4):109-112.
[10]林秀秀,叶元土,吴萍,等.鲤疱疹Ⅱ型病毒(CyHV-2)感染对异育银鲫(Carassius auratus gibelio)组织器官的损伤作用[J].基因组学与应用生物学,2016,35(3):587-594.
[11]王钊,王好,钱爱东,等.一例查干湖异育银鲫洪湖碘泡虫病原的鉴定与生物信息学分析[J].大连海洋大学学报,2015,30(5):509-513.
[12]黄莹,朱晓鸣,韩冬,等.饲喂不同浓度黄曲霉毒素B1饲料对异育银鲫成鱼的生长和毒素积累的影响[J].水生生物学报,2012,36(5):817-825.
[13]陈拥军,林仕梅,罗莉,等.饲料油脂氧化对养殖鱼类生长及健康的危害[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(3):624-633.
[14]任泽林,霍启光.氧化油脂对动物机体的影响[J].动物营养学报,2000,12(3):1-13.
[15] MUZZARELLI R A A. Chitosan-based dietary foods[J].Carbohydrate Polymers,1996,29(4):309-316.
[16]郭芳宁,李春超,金黎明,等.壳寡糖铁配合物的合成及抗氧化作用[J].食品工业科技,2013,34(20):119-121.
[17] LI X J,PIAO X S,KIM S W,et al.Effects of chito-oligosaccharide supplementation on performance,nutrient digestibility,and serum composition in broiler chickens[J]. Poultry Science,2007,86(6):1107-1114.
[18]吴莉芳,邢秀苹,赖红娥,等.大豆抗原蛋白Glycinin对鲤稚鱼和幼鱼肠道组织的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版),2014,42(10):7-14.
[19] DIMITROGLOU A,MERRIFIELD D L,SPRING P,et al.Effects of mannan oligosaccharide(M OS)supplementation on grow th performance,feed utilisation,intestinal histology and gut microbiota of gilthead sea bream(Sparus aurata)[J]. Aquaculture,2010,300(1/2/3/4):182-188.
[20] PRYOR G S,ROYES J B,CHAPMAN F A,et al.M annanoligosaccharides in fish nutrition:effects of dietary supplementation on grow th and gastrointestinal villi structure in gulf of mexico sturgeon[J].North American Journal of Aquaculture,2003,65(2):106-111.
[21] OFEK I,MIRELMAN D,SHARON N. Adherence of Escherichia coli to human mucosal cells mediated by mannose receptors[J]. Nature,1977,265(5595):623-625.
[22]刘爱君,冷向军,李小勤,等.甘露寡糖对奥尼罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus)生长、肠道结构和非特异性免疫的影响[J].浙江大学学报(农业与生命科学版),2009,35(3):329-336.
[23]竺国芳,赵鲁杭.几丁寡糖和壳寡糖的研究进展[J].中国海洋药物,2000,19(1):43-46.
[24]李凤娜,王继成.寡糖对肠道菌群的调节及常用研究方法[J].兽药与饲料添加剂,2005,10(4):23-25.
[25]杨保和,袁明凤,唐精.氧化油脂对水产动物的危害[J].饲料博览,2013(4):35-39.
[26] GAO J,KOSHIO S,ISHIKAWA M,et al.Effect of dietary oxidized fish oil and vitamin C supplementation on grow th performance and reduction of oxidative stress in Red Sea bream Pagrus major[J]. Aquaculture Nutrition,2013,19(1):35-44.
[27] REHULKA J.Effect of hydrolytically changed and oxidized fat in dry pellets on the health of rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss(Richardson)[J]. Aquaculture Research,2010,21(4):419-434.
[28]陈科全,叶元土,蔡春芳,等.饲料氧化鱼油引起草鱼肠道结构损伤、通透性增加[J].水生生物学报,2016,40(4):804-813.
[29] FENG T,DU Y M,LI J,et al.Antioxidant activity of half N-acetylated w ater-soluble chitosan in vitro[J].European Food Research and Technology,2007,225(1):133-138.
[30] JE J Y,PARK P J,KIM S K.Radical scavenging activity of hetero-chitooligosaccharides[J]. European Food Research and Technology,2004,219(1):60-65.