应用稳定同位素分析辽东湾池塘仿刺参的食性
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摘要
为分析辽东湾海水生态养殖池塘仿刺参的食性特征,分别于2016年3月、5月、7月、9月、12月采集池塘中的浮游植物、浮游动物、颗粒有机物、底栖硅藻、表层底泥和仿刺参,并检测所有样品的δ~(13)C和δ~(15)N值。运用IsoSource线性混合模型计算出浮游植物、浮游动物、颗粒有机物、底栖硅藻、表层底泥对仿刺参的饵料贡献率。试验结果显示,底栖硅藻对仿刺参的平均饵料贡献率周年变化为78.5%～85.7%,颗粒有机物、浮游植物、浮游动物和表层底泥对仿刺参的贡献率分别为2.1%～5.1%、2.2%～5.6%、2.3%～7.7%、3.6%～7.9%。底栖硅藻对消化管内含物δ~(13)C值的贡献率为25.8%～74.5%、颗粒有机物、浮游植物、浮游动物和表层底泥对消化管内含物δ~(13)C值的贡献率分别为3.9%～15.3%、4.0%～18.3%、4.2%～19.4%、5.6%～22.2%。试验结果表明,在不投饵、缺乏底栖大型藻类的生态养殖池塘中,底栖硅藻是仿刺参主要的食物来源,仿刺参也摄食表层底泥、沉降后颗粒有机物和浮游动植物。研究结果可为海水池塘仿刺参的生态健康养殖提供基础数据。
In order to analyze feeding habits of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in sea water aquaculture in Liaodong Bay, the δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N values of muscle, body wall, intestine and intestinal content of sea cucumber, phytoplankton, zooplankton, POM, benthic diatom, and surface sediment in sea water aquaculture pond were detected using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes methods. The contribution proportions of different foods to sea cucumber were calculated using the IsoSource linear mixture model. The contribution proportions of benthic diatom to sea cucumber were ranged from 78.5% to 87.5% in a year, POM from 2.1% to 5.1%, phytoplankton from 2.2% to 5.6%, zooplankton from 2.3% to 7.7%, and surface sediment from 3.6% to 7.9%. The contribution proportions of benthic diatom to the δ~(13)C value of intestinal content in sea cucumber were varied from 25.8% to 74.5% in a year, POM from 3.9% to 15.3%, phytoplankton from 4.0% to 18.3%, zooplankton 4.2% to 19.4%, and surface sediment from 5.6% to 22.2%.The findings suggested that the benthic diatoms be mainly food source to sea cucumber in ecological aquaculture pond without benthic macroalgae in Liaodong Bay and that supply the basic data for ecological healthy aquaculture of sea cucumber in sea water ponds.
In order to analyze feeding habits of sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in sea water aquaculture in Liaodong Bay, the δ~(13)C and δ~(15)N values of muscle, body wall, intestine and intestinal content of sea cucumber, phytoplankton, zooplankton, POM, benthic diatom, and surface sediment in sea water aquaculture pond were detected using carbon and nitrogen stable isotopes methods. The contribution proportions of different foods to sea cucumber were calculated using the IsoSource linear mixture model. The contribution proportions of benthic diatom to sea cucumber were ranged from 78.5% to 87.5% in a year, POM from 2.1% to 5.1%, phytoplankton from 2.2% to 5.6%, zooplankton from 2.3% to 7.7%, and surface sediment from 3.6% to 7.9%. The contribution proportions of benthic diatom to the δ~(13)C value of intestinal content in sea cucumber were varied from 25.8% to 74.5% in a year, POM from 3.9% to 15.3%, phytoplankton from 4.0% to 18.3%, zooplankton 4.2% to 19.4%, and surface sediment from 5.6% to 22.2%.The findings suggested that the benthic diatoms be mainly food source to sea cucumber in ecological aquaculture pond without benthic macroalgae in Liaodong Bay and that supply the basic data for ecological healthy aquaculture of sea cucumber in sea water ponds.
引文
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[18] 常亚青, 丁君, 宋坚, 等. 海参、海胆生物学研究与养殖[M]. 北京:海洋出版社,2014.
[19] 刘晓威, 姜森颢, 周一兵,等. 大连地区仿刺参养殖池塘底栖硅藻生产状况的周年变化研究[J]. 水产科学,2012,31(11):679-682.
[20] 王吉桥, 唐黎, 许重,等. 仿刺参消化道的组织学及其4种消化酶活力的周年变化[J]. 水产科学,2007,26(9):481-484.
[2] 张宝琳,孙道元,吴耀泉.灵山岛浅海岩礁区刺参(Apostichopus japonicus)食性初步分析[J].海洋科学,1995,19(3):11-13.
[3] 金波昌,董双林,田相利,等.人工饲料对刺参幼参生长贡献的碳稳定同位素法分析[J].水产学报,2013,37(2):269-274.
[4] 李忠义,郭旭鹏,金显仕,等.长江口及其邻近水域春季虻鲉的食性[J].水产学报,2006,30(5):654-661.
[5] Zanden V, Jake M, Rasmussen J B. Variation in δ15N and δ13C trophic fractionation: implications for aquatic food web studies [J]. Limnology & Oceanography,2001,46(8):2061-2066.
[6] Yi X, Yang Y, Zhang X. Modeling trophic positions of the alpine meadow ecosystem combining stable carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios [J]. Ecological Modelling,2006,193(3):801-808.
[7] 金鑫,李超伦,刘梦坛.基于脂肪酸标记法和碳氮稳定同位素比值法的东海水母常见种的食性分析[J].海洋与湖沼,2012,43(3):486-493.
[8] Kendall C, Silva S R, Kelly V J. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic compositions of particulate organic matter in four large river systems across the United States [J]. Hydrological Processes,2010,15(7):1301-1346.
[9] Feng J X, Gao Q F, Dong S L, et al. Trophic relationships in a polyculture pond based on carbon and nitrogen stable isotope analyses: a case study in Jinghai Bay, China [J]. Aquaculture,2014,428/429(11):258-264.
[10] Wen B, Sun Y, Gao Q, et al. Utilization of dietary carbohydrates by sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus (Selenka) as indicated by carbon stable isotope analysis [J]. Aquaculture Research,2017(48):1-8.
[11] Bligh E G, Dyer W J. A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification [J]. Canadian Journal of Biochemistry & Physiology,1959,37(8):911-917.
[12] Mariotti A. Atmospheric nitrogen is a reliable standard for natural 15N abundance measurements [J]. Nature,1983,303(5919):685-687.
[13] Craig H. Isotopic standards for carbon and oxygen and correction factors for mass-spectrometric analysis of carbon dioxide [J]. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,1957,12(1/2):133-149.
[14] Peterson B J, Fry B. Stable isotopes in ecosystem studies [J]. Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics,1987,18(1):293-320.
[15] Phillips D L, Gregg J W. Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too many sources [J]. Oecologia,2003,136(2):261-269.
[16] Dubois S, Jean-Louis B, Bertrand B,et al. Isotope trophic-step fractionation of suspension-feeding species: implications for food partitioning in coastal ecosystems [J]. Journal of Experimental Marine Biology & Ecology,2007,351(2):121-128.
[17] Sun Z, Gao Q, Dong S, et al. Seasonal changes in food uptake by the sea cucumber Apostichopus japonicus in a farm pond: evidence from C and N stable isotopes [J]. Journal of Ocean University of China,2013,12(1):160-168.
[18] 常亚青, 丁君, 宋坚, 等. 海参、海胆生物学研究与养殖[M]. 北京:海洋出版社,2014.
[19] 刘晓威, 姜森颢, 周一兵,等. 大连地区仿刺参养殖池塘底栖硅藻生产状况的周年变化研究[J]. 水产科学,2012,31(11):679-682.
[20] 王吉桥, 唐黎, 许重,等. 仿刺参消化道的组织学及其4种消化酶活力的周年变化[J]. 水产科学,2007,26(9):481-484.