不同离子激发Au靶的多电离效应
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摘要
重离子与固体表面相互作用时,会引起靶原子内壳层的电离,相应空穴退激过程中发射的X射线对研究重离子与固体表面的相互作用有着重要意义,可为相关研究提供基础数据.目前,在K和L壳层电离方面做了一些工作,而M壳层的研究较少,本文依托兰州重离子加速器国家实验室320 kV高电荷态离子综合研究平台,测量了不同能量的H~+, Ar~(8+), Ar~(12+), Kr~(13+)和Eu~(20+)离子与Au表面作用产生的特征X射线谱及其能移,计算了X射线的产额比值.结果表明:重离子引起了靶原子内壳层的多电离,多电离效应使Au的MX射线有不同程度的能移;多电离程度取决于入射离子能量、离子的原子序数和其外壳层的空穴数量.
We report the experimental data of characteristic X-ray spectra produced by the impact of H~+, Ar~(8+), Ar~(12+), Kr~(13+)and Eu20+ ions with different kinetic energies on Au surface in the National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou, China. The energy shifts of X-ray spectra are analyzed and the ratio of X-ray yield is calculated. The results show that H~+ can excite the characteristic X-ray spectra of M_ζ and Ma of Au, while Ar~(8+),Ar~(12+),Kr~(13+) and Eu20+ can excite the characteristic X-ray spectra of M_ζ, M_α, M_γ and M_δ of Au, because the inner shells of target atom are multiply ionized by heavy ions impact, so that the relative intensity ratio of the X-rays changes when the heavy ions are incident. There are different energy shifts of Au M X-ray due to multiple ionization effect in collision. When the ion incident energy is lower, the degree of multiple ionization of the inner shells of the target atom is almost independent of the incident energy, when the ion energy is higher, the degree of multiple ionization increases with incident ion energy increasing. At the same time, the degree of multiple ionization also depends on the number of holes in the outer shell of the ion and its atomic number. That the ratio of X-ray yield increases with the increase of the atomic number of the incident ion further indicates that the degree of multiple ionization increases with atomic number of the incident ion increasing. The multiple ionization and electron configuration of the inner shells of the atom can be determined by the energy shift and spectra broadening. These measurements provide basic data for further studying the multiple ionization mechanism of the inner shells of the atom. But due to the limitation of the resolution of the detector, the spectral broadening data cannot be measured. It is necessary to use a higher-resolution detector to further study the multi-ionization effect of the inner shells of the atom.
We report the experimental data of characteristic X-ray spectra produced by the impact of H~+, Ar~(8+), Ar~(12+), Kr~(13+)and Eu20+ ions with different kinetic energies on Au surface in the National Laboratory of Heavy Ion Research Facility in Lanzhou, China. The energy shifts of X-ray spectra are analyzed and the ratio of X-ray yield is calculated. The results show that H~+ can excite the characteristic X-ray spectra of M_ζ and Ma of Au, while Ar~(8+),Ar~(12+),Kr~(13+) and Eu20+ can excite the characteristic X-ray spectra of M_ζ, M_α, M_γ and M_δ of Au, because the inner shells of target atom are multiply ionized by heavy ions impact, so that the relative intensity ratio of the X-rays changes when the heavy ions are incident. There are different energy shifts of Au M X-ray due to multiple ionization effect in collision. When the ion incident energy is lower, the degree of multiple ionization of the inner shells of the target atom is almost independent of the incident energy, when the ion energy is higher, the degree of multiple ionization increases with incident ion energy increasing. At the same time, the degree of multiple ionization also depends on the number of holes in the outer shell of the ion and its atomic number. That the ratio of X-ray yield increases with the increase of the atomic number of the incident ion further indicates that the degree of multiple ionization increases with atomic number of the incident ion increasing. The multiple ionization and electron configuration of the inner shells of the atom can be determined by the energy shift and spectra broadening. These measurements provide basic data for further studying the multiple ionization mechanism of the inner shells of the atom. But due to the limitation of the resolution of the detector, the spectral broadening data cannot be measured. It is necessary to use a higher-resolution detector to further study the multi-ionization effect of the inner shells of the atom.
引文
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[19]X-RAY DATA BOOKLET, Center for X-ray Optics and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory[EB/OL]http://xdb.lbl.gov/[2018-06-15]
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[2]Zhang X A, Zhao Y T, Hoffmann D H H, Yang Z H,Chen X M, Xu Z F, Li F L, Xiao G Q 2011 Laser Part.Beams 29 265
[3]Zhao Y T, Xiao G Q, Zhang X A, Yang Z H, Zhan W L, Chen X M, Li F L 2006 Nucl. Instrum. Melth. B 24572
[4]Singh Y, Tribedi L C 2002 Phys. Rev. A 66 062709
[5]Chen X M, Jiang L J, Zhou P, Zhou C L, Gao Z M,Qiu X Y, Cui Y, Wang X A, Lou F J, Lii X Y, Jia J J,Chen L, Shao J X, Lii Y, Wang F 2011 Chin. Phys. B20 013402
[6]Wang X, Zhao Y, Cheng R, Zhou X M, Xu G, Sun Y B,Lei Y, Wang Y Y, Ren J R, Yu Y, Li Y F, Zhang X A,Li Y Z, Liang C H, Xiao G Q 2012 Phys. Lett. A 3761197
[7]Ghanbari-Adivi E, Eskandari S 2015 Chin. Phys. B 24013401
[8]Mei C X, Zhang X A, Zhao Y T, Zhou X M, Ren J R,Wang X, Lei Y, Sun Y B, Cheng R, Wang Y Y, Liang C H, Li Y Z, Xiao G Q 2013 Chin. Phys. B 22 103403
[9]Hoffmann D H H, Blazevic A, Korostiy S, Ni P, Pikuz S A, Rethfeld B, Rosmej O, Roth M, Tahir N A, Udrea S,Varentsov D, Weyrich K, Sharkov B Y, Maron Y 2007Nucl. Instrum. Meth. Phys. Res. Sec. A 577 8
[10]Yang Z R, Yuan P, Li Z W, Yang Z H 2012 High Power Laser and Particle Beams 24 1896(in Chinese)[杨兆锐,袁萍,李忠文,杨治虎2012强激光与粒子束24 1896]
[11]Sharkov B 2001 Plasma Phys. Control.Fusion 43 A229
[12]Zhou X M, Zhao Y T, Ren J R, Cheng R, Lei Y, Sun Y B, Xu G, Wang Y Y, Liu S D, Xiao G Q 2013 Chin.Phys. B 22 113402
[13]Zhang X A, Xiao G Q, Zhao Y T, Yang Z H, Chen X M, Li F L 2012 Sci.China G 42 42(in Chinese)[张小安,肖国青,赵永涛,杨治虎,陈熙萌,李福利2012中国科学G辑42 42]
[14]Liang C H, Zhang X A 2007 J. Nw. Univ.(Nat. Sci.)37 547(in Chinese)[梁昌慧,张小安2007西北大学学报(自然科学版),37 1547]
[15]Zhu Z Y, Zhu Z H, Jiang G, Cheng X L 2002 J. Atom.Mole. Phys. 19 138(in Chinese)[朱志艳,朱正和,蒋钢,程新路2002原子与分子物理学报19 138]
[16]Liang C H, Zhang X A, Li Y Z, Zhao Y T, Mei C X,Cheng R, Zhou X M, Lei Y, Wang X, Sun Y B, Xiao G Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62 063202(in Chinese)[梁昌慧,张小安,李耀宗,赵永涛,梅策香,程锐,周贤明,雷瑜,王兴,孙渊博,肖国青2013物理学报62 063202]
[17]Liang C H, Zhang X A, Li Y Z, Zhao Y T, Xiao G Q2014 Acta Phys. Sin. 63 163201(in Chinese)[梁昌慧,张小安,李耀宗,赵永涛,肖国青2014物理学报63 163201]
[18]Zhou X M, Zhao Y T, Cheng R, Wang X, Lei Y, Sun Y B, Wang Y Y, Xu G, Ren J R, Zhang X A, Liang C H, Li Y Z, Mei C X, Xiao G Q 2013 Acta Phys. Sin. 62083201(in Chinese)[周贤明,赵永涛,程锐,王兴,雷瑜,孙渊博,王瑜玉,徐戈,任洁茹,张小安,梁昌慧,李耀宗,梅策香,肖国青2013物理学报62 083201]
[19]X-RAY DATA BOOKLET, Center for X-ray Optics and Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory[EB/OL]http://xdb.lbl.gov/[2018-06-15]
[20]Wang X 2013 Ph. D. Dissertation(Xi'an:Xi'an Jiaotong University)(in Chinese)[王兴2013博士学位论文(西安:西安交通大学)]