高风电渗透率下变速风电机组参与系统频率调整策略
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摘要
考虑负荷波动、风电有功输出的随机性,针对电力系统对大规模风电并网时电能质量、经济性、负荷支撑和快速响应等多方面的需求,提出了一种高风电渗透率下变速风电机组参与系统频率调整的多时间尺度协调优化策略。根据变速风电机组运行特性,制定不同风速工况下风电机组的减载控制,并在不同时间尺度对机组间的调频出力进行协调,使惯性与一次调频相结合,实现频率调整优化。结果表明该策略下变速风电机组不仅能够有效地为系统提供惯性支撑,并且具备灵活、可控的静态频率响应特性。
Aiming at the demand of power system for power quality,economy,load support and rapid response when large-scale wind power is connected to the grid,a multi-time scale coordinated optimization strategy with participation of variable-speed wind turbines in frequency regulation for the power system with high wind power penetration is proposed.The strategy considers the flexibility of load fluctuation and active output of wind power.According to operation characteristics of the variable-speed wind turbines,the flexible load reduction control of wind turbines under different wind speed conditions is established.Meanwhile,the frequency regulation output of wind turbines is coordinated at different time scales,which makes the inertia combined with primary frequency regulation to achieve frequency adjustment optimization.The results show that variable-speed wind turbines could effectively provide inertial support for the system and has flexible and controllable static frequency response characteristics.
Aiming at the demand of power system for power quality,economy,load support and rapid response when large-scale wind power is connected to the grid,a multi-time scale coordinated optimization strategy with participation of variable-speed wind turbines in frequency regulation for the power system with high wind power penetration is proposed.The strategy considers the flexibility of load fluctuation and active output of wind power.According to operation characteristics of the variable-speed wind turbines,the flexible load reduction control of wind turbines under different wind speed conditions is established.Meanwhile,the frequency regulation output of wind turbines is coordinated at different time scales,which makes the inertia combined with primary frequency regulation to achieve frequency adjustment optimization.The results show that variable-speed wind turbines could effectively provide inertial support for the system and has flexible and controllable static frequency response characteristics.
引文
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[19] 张昭遂,孙元章,李国杰,等.超速与变桨协调的双馈风电机组频率控制[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(17):20-25.ZHANG Zhaosui,SUN Yuanzhang,LI Guojie,et al.Frequency regulation by doubly fed induction generator wind turbines based on coordinated overspeed control and pitch control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(17):20-25.
[20] 范冠男,刘吉臻,孟洪民,等.电网限负荷条件下风电场一次调频策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2030-2037.FAN Guannan,LIU Jizhen,MENG Hongmin,et al.Primary frequency control strategy for wind farms under output-restricted condition[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):2030-2037.
[21] 肖浩,裴玮,孔力.基于模型预测控制的微电网多时间尺度协调优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):7-14.XIAO Hao,PEI Wei,KONG Li.Multi-time scale coordinated optimal dispatch of microgrid based on model predictive control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(18):7-14.
[22] GALVAN E,ALCARAZ G G,CABRERA N G.Two-phase short-term scheduling approach with intermittent renewable energy resources and demand response[J].IEEE Latin America Transactions,2015,13(1):181-187.
[23] 丁立,乔颖,鲁宗相,等.高比例风电对电力系统调频指标影响的定量分析[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(14):1-8.DING Li,QIAO Ying,LU Zongxiang,et al.Impact on frequency regulation of power system from wind power with high penetration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(14):1-8.
[24] 付媛,王毅,张祥宇,等.变速风电机组的惯性与一次调频特性分析及综合控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(27):4706-4716.FU Yuan,WANG Yi,ZHANG Xiangyu,et al.Analysis and integrated control of inertia and primary frequency regulation for variable speed wind turbines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(27):4706-4716.
[25] 刘巨,姚伟,文劲宇,等.大规模风电参与系统频率调整的技术展望[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):638-646.LIU Ju,YAO Wei,WEN Jinyu,et al.Prospect of technology for large-scale wind farm participating into power grid frequency regulation[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(3):638-646.
[26] ATTYA A B,HARTKOPF T.Wind turbine contribution infrequency drop mitigation-modified operation and estimating released supportive energy[J].IET Generation Transmission & Distribution,2014,8(5):862-872.
[2] OBAID Z A,CIPCIGAN L M,ABRAHIM L,et al.Frequency control of future power systems:reviewing and evaluating challenges and new control methods[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2018,7(1):9-25.
[3] WANG Ye,DELILLE G,BAYEM H,et al.High wind power penetration in isolated power systems—assessment of wind inertial and primary frequency responses[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2013,28(3):2412-2420.
[4] WU Ziping,GAO D W,ZHANG Huaguang,et al.Coordinated control strategy of battery energy storage system and PMSG-WTG to enhance system frequency regulation capability[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2017,8(3):1330-1343.
[5] LIU Y,LIN J,WU Q H,et al.Frequency control of DFIG based wind power penetrated power systems using switching angle controller and AGC[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2017,32(2):1553-1567.
[6] XUE Yingcheng,TAI Nengling.Review of contribution to frequency control through variable speed wind turbine[J].Renewable Energy,2011,36(6):1671-1677.
[7] WANG Zhongguan,WU Wenchuan.Coordinated control method for DFIG-based wind farm to provide primary frequency regulation service[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2018,33(3):2644-2659.
[8] RUTTLEDGE L,MILLER N W,O’SULLIVAN J,et al.Frequency response of power systems with variable speed wind turbines[J].IEEE Transactions on Sustainable Energy,2012,3(4):683-691.
[9] 叶杭冶.风力发电机组的控制技术[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2009.YE Hangye.Control of the wind turbines[M].Beijing:China Machine Press,2009.
[10] 田新首,王伟胜,迟永宁,等.基于双馈风电机组有效储能的变参数虚拟惯量控制[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(5):20-26.TIAN Xinshou,WANG Weisheng,CHI Yongning,et al.Variable parameter virtual inertia control based on effective energy storage of DFIG-based wind turbines[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(5):20-26.
[11] 陈宇航,王刚,侍乔明,等.一种新型风电场虚拟惯量协同控制策略[J].电力系统自动化,2015,39(5):27-33.CHEN Yuhang,WANG Gang,SHI Qiaoming,et al.A new coordinated virtual inertia control strategy for wind farms[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(5):27-33.
[12] 唐西胜,苗福丰,齐智平,等.风力发电的调频技术研究综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(25):4304-4314.TANG Xisheng,MIAO Fufeng,QI Zhiping,et al.Survey on frequency control of wind power[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(25):4304-4314.
[13] WILCHES B F,CHOW J H,SANCHEZ G J J.A fundamental study of applying wind turbines for power system frequency control[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(2):1496-1505.
[14] 张旭,陈云龙,岳帅,等.风电参与电力系统调频技术研究的回顾与展望[J].电网技术,2018,42(6):1793-1803.ZHANG Xu,CHEN Yunlong,YUE Shuai,et al.Retrospect and prospect of research on frequency regulation technology of power system by wind power[J].Power System Technology,2018,42(6):1793-1803.
[15] GHOSH S,KAMALASADAN S,SENROY N,et al.Doubly fed induction generator (DFIG)-based wind farm control framework for primary frequency and inertial response application[J].IEEE Transactions on Power Systems,2016,31(3):1861-1871.
[16] 周天沛,孙伟.高渗透率下变速风力机组虚拟惯性控制的研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2017,37(2):486-495.ZHOU Tianpei,SUN Wei.Study on virtual inertia control for DFIG-based wind farms with high penetration[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2017,37(2):486-495.
[17] YAO Dailin,CHOI S S,TSENG K J,et al.Frequency control ancillary service provided by a wind farm:dual-BESS scheme[J].Journal of Modern Power Systems and Clean Energy,2014,2(2):93-103.
[18] SOW T,AKHRIF O,OKOU A F,et al.Control strategy insuring contribution of DFIG-based wind turbines to primary and secondary frequency regulation[C]// Proceedings of Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics Society,November 7-10,2011,Melbourne,Australia:3123-3128.
[19] 张昭遂,孙元章,李国杰,等.超速与变桨协调的双馈风电机组频率控制[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(17):20-25.ZHANG Zhaosui,SUN Yuanzhang,LI Guojie,et al.Frequency regulation by doubly fed induction generator wind turbines based on coordinated overspeed control and pitch control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(17):20-25.
[20] 范冠男,刘吉臻,孟洪民,等.电网限负荷条件下风电场一次调频策略[J].电网技术,2016,40(7):2030-2037.FAN Guannan,LIU Jizhen,MENG Hongmin,et al.Primary frequency control strategy for wind farms under output-restricted condition[J].Power System Technology,2016,40(7):2030-2037.
[21] 肖浩,裴玮,孔力.基于模型预测控制的微电网多时间尺度协调优化调度[J].电力系统自动化,2016,40(18):7-14.XIAO Hao,PEI Wei,KONG Li.Multi-time scale coordinated optimal dispatch of microgrid based on model predictive control[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2016,40(18):7-14.
[22] GALVAN E,ALCARAZ G G,CABRERA N G.Two-phase short-term scheduling approach with intermittent renewable energy resources and demand response[J].IEEE Latin America Transactions,2015,13(1):181-187.
[23] 丁立,乔颖,鲁宗相,等.高比例风电对电力系统调频指标影响的定量分析[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(14):1-8.DING Li,QIAO Ying,LU Zongxiang,et al.Impact on frequency regulation of power system from wind power with high penetration[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(14):1-8.
[24] 付媛,王毅,张祥宇,等.变速风电机组的惯性与一次调频特性分析及综合控制[J].中国电机工程学报,2014,34(27):4706-4716.FU Yuan,WANG Yi,ZHANG Xiangyu,et al.Analysis and integrated control of inertia and primary frequency regulation for variable speed wind turbines[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2014,34(27):4706-4716.
[25] 刘巨,姚伟,文劲宇,等.大规模风电参与系统频率调整的技术展望[J].电网技术,2014,38(3):638-646.LIU Ju,YAO Wei,WEN Jinyu,et al.Prospect of technology for large-scale wind farm participating into power grid frequency regulation[J].Power System Technology,2014,38(3):638-646.
[26] ATTYA A B,HARTKOPF T.Wind turbine contribution infrequency drop mitigation-modified operation and estimating released supportive energy[J].IET Generation Transmission & Distribution,2014,8(5):862-872.