基于FDS的古建筑火灾发展过程研究
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摘要
以某砖木结构单层古建筑作为研究对象,利用FDS建模并对古建筑火灾进行数值模拟研究,分析火灾过程中热释放速率、火场温度、能见度和CO浓度变化规律,对古建筑火灾危险性进行综合评价。古建筑火灾过程中氧气供应不足为主要限制因素,火场热释放速率先升高再降低,之后再上升;火场内能见度低,CO浓度高,严重影响人员疏散与火灾扑救。火灾过程中古建筑屋顶与屋檐处积聚大量热量与烟气,易烧毁。
A single-story ancient building of brick and wood structure was researched, FDS was used to build the numeral model of the ancient building and the fire in it was simulated. The heat release rate, temperature, visibility and CO volume concentration of the fire were analyzed to evaluate the fire danger of ancient building comprehensively. Insufficient supply of oxygen was the main limiting factor of the fire of ancient building. The heat release rate of the fire rose at first and then decreased, then rose again. There were low visibility and high CO volume concentration in the ancient building during the fire, which increased the difficulty in evacuation and firefighting. During the fire, in the ancient building, the roofs and the eaves which accumulated a lot of heat and smoke were easy to burn out.
A single-story ancient building of brick and wood structure was researched, FDS was used to build the numeral model of the ancient building and the fire in it was simulated. The heat release rate, temperature, visibility and CO volume concentration of the fire were analyzed to evaluate the fire danger of ancient building comprehensively. Insufficient supply of oxygen was the main limiting factor of the fire of ancient building. The heat release rate of the fire rose at first and then decreased, then rose again. There were low visibility and high CO volume concentration in the ancient building during the fire, which increased the difficulty in evacuation and firefighting. During the fire, in the ancient building, the roofs and the eaves which accumulated a lot of heat and smoke were easy to burn out.
引文
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[2]徐亮,张和平,杨昀,等.性能化防火设计中火灾场景设置的讨论[J].消防科学与技术, 2004,23(2):129-132.
[3]黄锐,杨立中,方伟峰,等.火灾烟气危害性研究及其进展[J].中国工程科学,2002,(7):80-85.
[4]邓艳丽,高建红.古建筑消防措施综述[C]//河南省土木建筑学会2008年学术论文集,2008:402-404.
[5]张泽江,梅秀娟.古建筑消防[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2010.
[6]任海龙,高云晖.古建筑大悲阁火灾蔓延数值模拟[J].消防科学与技术,2007,26(6):610-614.
[7]庄磊,王福亮,孙晓乾,等.布达拉宫古建筑火灾危险性调查研究[J].消防科学与技术, 2006,25(3):42-45.
[8] HANSEN A S, HOVDE P J. Prediction of time to flashover in the ISO 9705 room corner test based on cone calorimeter test results[J].Fire and Materials 2002,26:77-86.
[9]田垚.古建筑木材燃烧性能及火灾动力特性研究[D].北京:中国矿业大学(北京),2017.
[10]余明高,陈静,苏冠锋.不同防排烟方式下车厢火灾烟气运动的数值模拟研究[J].中国安全生产科学技术,2017,13(2):119-125.