新疆伊犁盆地南缘中新生代以来构造演化与聚煤规律研究
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摘要
新疆伊犁盆地以其丰富的煤碳和铀矿资源倍受专家与学者的高度关注,特别是伊犁盆地南缘。笔者从煤矿勘查角度,运用构造地质学、煤田地质学、沉积学的理论,从构造应力作用强度方面阐述伊犁盆地南缘现存的构造特征、构造格局以及含煤地层中下侏罗统水西沟群的沉积特征和赋煤性。笔者分析了古气候和沉积环境与聚煤关系,认为水西沟群是在温暖潮湿古气候条件下形成的冲积扇-扇三角洲体系的产物,有利于泥碳沼泽环境的形成,特别是西山窑组具备形成稳定而厚大煤层的基本条件。笔者重点分析中新生代以来的构造演化过程对煤矿的形成与保护作用,认为区域构造背景直接决定了盆地的形成与演化,从而影响着研究区成煤环境与赋煤潜力;构造格局或构造特征是成煤后构造演化的结果,即其活动影响着煤层成藏或保存程度;构造作用的差异性影响着煤层的保存状态和分布范围。
The Yili basin is famous for its rich resources of coal and uranium,especiallyin the southern margin of this basin.From the angle of coal exploration,the tectonic pattern,sedimentary characteristics and coal bearing strata of the Middle-Lower Jurassic Shuixigou Group in the southern margin of the Yili basin have been studied in this paper through using the theory of structural geology,coal geology and sedimentology.After studying and analyzing the paleoclimate and sedimentary environment that related to coal accumulation,its believed that the Shuixigou Group is a product of alluvial fan-fan delta system that formed in the warm and moist climate,whichis beneficial to the formation of peat swampenvironment,especially the XishanyaoFormation has basic conditions for forming stable and thick coal seam.This paper focuses on analyzing how the structures evolution since Millde Cenozoic era affect and control the formation and mineralization of coal.The results show that the regional tectonic background determinesthe formation and evolution of the basin,thus affecting the coal forming environment and coal potential in this studying area.The structure or structural features serve as the results of tectonic evolution after coal-forming,that is,the tectonic activities affect coal accumulation orpreservation,and the difference of tectonic activities impact the preservation state and distribution of coal seam.
The Yili basin is famous for its rich resources of coal and uranium,especiallyin the southern margin of this basin.From the angle of coal exploration,the tectonic pattern,sedimentary characteristics and coal bearing strata of the Middle-Lower Jurassic Shuixigou Group in the southern margin of the Yili basin have been studied in this paper through using the theory of structural geology,coal geology and sedimentology.After studying and analyzing the paleoclimate and sedimentary environment that related to coal accumulation,its believed that the Shuixigou Group is a product of alluvial fan-fan delta system that formed in the warm and moist climate,whichis beneficial to the formation of peat swampenvironment,especially the XishanyaoFormation has basic conditions for forming stable and thick coal seam.This paper focuses on analyzing how the structures evolution since Millde Cenozoic era affect and control the formation and mineralization of coal.The results show that the regional tectonic background determinesthe formation and evolution of the basin,thus affecting the coal forming environment and coal potential in this studying area.The structure or structural features serve as the results of tectonic evolution after coal-forming,that is,the tectonic activities affect coal accumulation orpreservation,and the difference of tectonic activities impact the preservation state and distribution of coal seam.
引文
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张国伟,李三忠,刘俊霞,等.新疆伊犁盆地的构造特征与形成演化[J].地学前缘,1999,6(4):203-214.ZHANG GuoWei,LI Sanzhong,LIU Junxia,et al.Structural feature and evolution of Yili basin,Xinjiang[J].Earth Science Frontiers(China University of Geoscience,Beijing),1999,6(4):203-214.
张井,王士俊,唐家祥.新疆伊犁盆地侏罗纪煤岩特征及煤相[J].煤田地质与勘探,1996,25(3):21-26ZHANG Jing,WANG Shijun,TANG Jiaxiang.Petrographic characteristics and coal facies of Jurassic coal in Yili basin,Xinjiang[J].Coal Geology&exploration,1996,25(3):21-26.
张泓等著.中国西北侏罗纪含煤地层与聚煤规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.ZHANG Hong,et al.Jurassic coal-bearing strata andcoal accumulation in north-west area of China[M].Beijing:Geology Publishing,1998.
杜默,邱余波,陈文彬,等.伊犁盆地扎吉斯坦北部西山窑组下段砂体发育特征与铀成矿的关系[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2014,34(1):55-60.DU Mo,QIU Yubo,CHEN Wenbin,et al.Sandstone development and uranium mineralization in the lower member of the Xishanyao Formation,northern Zhajisitan,Yili Basin[J].Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology,2014,34(1):55-60.
金军,唐显贵.贵州省织金-纳雍煤田构造特征及其成因[J].中国煤炭地质,2010,22(3):8-12.JIN Jun,TANG Xiangui.Structural Features and Their Genesis in Zhijin-Nayong Coalfield,Guizhou Province[J].Coal Geology of China,2010,22(3):8-12.
李宝庆,王平,庄新国,等.伊宁凹陷侏罗系水西沟群层序地层学与聚煤规律分析[J].新疆地质,2014,32(1):125-129.LI Baoqing,WANG Ping,ZHUNG Xinguo,et al.Sequence stratigraphy and coal accumulation analysis of Shuixigou group,Jurassic in Yining depression of Yili basin,Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Geology,2014,32(1):125-129.
李绍虎,周继兵,贾丽春,等.伊犁盆地前侏罗纪反EW向构造对侏罗系煤系地层保存影响[J].新疆地质,2013,31(1):99-103.LI Shaohu,ZHOU Jibing,JIA Lichun,et al.Influence of Pre-Jurassic anti EW structures acting on coal preservation Jurassic coal-bearing strata in Yili basin[J].Xinjiang Geology,2013,31(1):99-103,
李盛富,颜启明,王新宇,等.伊犁盆地水西沟群冲积扇-扇三角洲沉积体系研究[J].新疆地质,2006,24(3):297-304.LI Shengfu,YAN Qiming,WANG Xinyu,et al.Research on the depositional system of alluvial fans and fan-deltas of the Shuixigou group in the south Yili basin,Xinjiang[J].Xinjiang Geology,2006,24(3):297-304.
李盛富,王果,魏安心,等.伊犁盆地侏罗系水西沟群层序地层学研究[J].铀矿地质,2006,22(1):23-28.LI Shengfu,WANG Guo,WEI Anxin,et al.Research on sequence stratigraphy of Shuixigou group,Jurassic in Yili basin[J].Uranium Geology,2006,22(1):23-28.
马帅,田继军,吴天伟,等.新疆伊犁盆地西山窑组沉积特征及聚煤规律[J].煤田地质与勘探,2012,40(2):9-14.MA Shuai,TIAN Jijun,WU Tianwei,et al.Sedimentary characteristics and coal-accumulation patterns of Xishanyao formation in Yili basin[J].Coal Geology&exploration,2012,40(2):9-14.
沈萍.吉林营城盆地构造演化与聚煤规律[J].中国煤炭地质,2010,22(5):14-17.SHEN Ping.Structural Evolution and Coal-accumulating Pattern in Yingcheng Basin,Jilin[J].Coal Geology of China,2010,22(5):14-17.
张国伟,李三忠,刘俊霞,等.新疆伊犁盆地的构造特征与形成演化[J].地学前缘,1999,6(4):203-214.ZHANG GuoWei,LI Sanzhong,LIU Junxia,et al.Structural feature and evolution of Yili basin,Xinjiang[J].Earth Science Frontiers(China University of Geoscience,Beijing),1999,6(4):203-214.
张井,王士俊,唐家祥.新疆伊犁盆地侏罗纪煤岩特征及煤相[J].煤田地质与勘探,1996,25(3):21-26ZHANG Jing,WANG Shijun,TANG Jiaxiang.Petrographic characteristics and coal facies of Jurassic coal in Yili basin,Xinjiang[J].Coal Geology&exploration,1996,25(3):21-26.
张泓等著.中国西北侏罗纪含煤地层与聚煤规律[M].北京:地质出版社,1998.ZHANG Hong,et al.Jurassic coal-bearing strata andcoal accumulation in north-west area of China[M].Beijing:Geology Publishing,1998.