四川省小麦品种(系)穗发芽抗性评价
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摘要
穗发芽严重影响小麦产量和品质,受到生长环境、种皮颜色和遗传基因的共同控制。由于四川地区在小麦收获季节容易出现高温高湿的气候条件,是小麦穗发芽的常发和重发区。依据材料的穗发芽抗性,有目的性地配制杂交组合选育抗性品种是控制小麦穗发芽的重要策略,而系统鉴定分析各优良品种及品系的穗发芽抗性是亲本选配的重要依据。本研究调查分析了242份2000年来四川省审定小麦品种及即将成为未来几年新品种的2017—2018年四川省区试品系的田间穗发芽情况,发现分别有23(9.5%)和67 (27.7%)份材料具有强(穗发芽率低于5%)和高(穗发芽率介于5%～15%)的穗发芽抗性。这为穗发芽抗性育种亲本的选择提供了参考;并且发现穗发芽抗性在不同类型材料中存在差异:2000年来审定品种<区试普通小麦品系<区试早播早熟小麦品系<区试特殊用途小麦品系,穗发芽抗性在未来几年品种中将有所增强;种皮颜色对穗发芽抗性具有强烈影响,随着种皮颜色加深,穗发芽抗性越强,但仍发现3份(‘川育26’、‘川辐9号’、‘川辐17号’)白皮小麦材料具有强的穗发芽抗性,为白皮小麦抗穗发芽育种提供参考。其次发现在四川环境下,早播可能会提高小麦品种的穗发芽抗性。
The pre-harvest sprouting controlled by growth environment, seed color and genetic gene, could seriously influence the yield and quality of wheat. Due to the high temperature and high humidity condition during the wheat harvest season, Sichuan is the frequent and severe occurrence area of pre-harvest sprouting.According to the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of the materials, the purposeful selection and preparation of hybrid combinations to breed resistant varieties is an important strategy to control the pre-harvest sprouting.And it is important to systematically identify the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of each excellent varieties and lines. This study investigated the filed frequency of pre-harvest sprouting of 242 varieties and lines,including approved wheat varieties in Sichuan since 2000 and regional tested in Sichuan from 2017 to 2018,which would become new varieties in recent years. It was found that there were 23(9.5%) and 67(27.7%)materials, respectively, which were likely to have strong pre-harvest sprouting resistance(pre-harvest sprouting rate less than 5%) and high pre-harvest sprouting resistance(between 5% and 15%). This provided references for parent selection of pre-harvest sprouting resistance breeding, and found the difference in the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of different materials: the varieties approved since 2000 < regional tested common wheat lines < early sowing early mature wheat lines < special purpose wheat lines. The pre-harvest sprouting resistance of the varieties would increase in the next few years. Seed color had strong influence on presprouting. However, there were still 3 white wheat materials('Chuanyu26','Chuanfu9'and'Chuanfu17')which had strong pre-harvest sprouting resistance, and could be evidence for white seed wheat breeding of preharvest sprouting resistance. In addition, we found that the early sowing might increase the resistance of preharvest sprouting of wheat varieties in Sichuan.
The pre-harvest sprouting controlled by growth environment, seed color and genetic gene, could seriously influence the yield and quality of wheat. Due to the high temperature and high humidity condition during the wheat harvest season, Sichuan is the frequent and severe occurrence area of pre-harvest sprouting.According to the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of the materials, the purposeful selection and preparation of hybrid combinations to breed resistant varieties is an important strategy to control the pre-harvest sprouting.And it is important to systematically identify the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of each excellent varieties and lines. This study investigated the filed frequency of pre-harvest sprouting of 242 varieties and lines,including approved wheat varieties in Sichuan since 2000 and regional tested in Sichuan from 2017 to 2018,which would become new varieties in recent years. It was found that there were 23(9.5%) and 67(27.7%)materials, respectively, which were likely to have strong pre-harvest sprouting resistance(pre-harvest sprouting rate less than 5%) and high pre-harvest sprouting resistance(between 5% and 15%). This provided references for parent selection of pre-harvest sprouting resistance breeding, and found the difference in the pre-harvest sprouting resistance of different materials: the varieties approved since 2000 < regional tested common wheat lines < early sowing early mature wheat lines < special purpose wheat lines. The pre-harvest sprouting resistance of the varieties would increase in the next few years. Seed color had strong influence on presprouting. However, there were still 3 white wheat materials('Chuanyu26','Chuanfu9'and'Chuanfu17')which had strong pre-harvest sprouting resistance, and could be evidence for white seed wheat breeding of preharvest sprouting resistance. In addition, we found that the early sowing might increase the resistance of preharvest sprouting of wheat varieties in Sichuan.
引文
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[12]许玉明,房金钺,王新华,等.大丰市沿海小麦大面积发生穗发芽原因分析[J].大麦与谷类科学,2008(4):4-5.
[13]魏晓军.小麦高代选系收获前穗发芽抗性的研究[J].农艺农技,2017(13):67-68.
[14]张海峰,卢荣禾.小麦穗发芽抗性机理与遗传研究[J].作物学报,1993,19(6):523-530.
[15]李美珍,李世平,靖金莲,等.小麦穗发芽抗性研究[J].河南农业科学,1996(11):7-8.
[16]任江萍,陈焕丽,王振云,等.小麦穗发芽与籽粒内可溶性糖和α-淀粉酶活性的品种差异[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(1):22-25.
[17]王志龙,于亚雄,王志伟,等.小麦穗发芽抗性鉴定及机制分析[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(11):2513-2519.
[18]蒋国梁,肖世和.白皮小麦收获前穗发芽及品种抗性机制探讨[J].作物学报,1998,24(6):793-798.
[19]郑建敏,蒲宗君,李式昭,等.人工合成小麦CI-LD抗穗发芽遗传特性分析[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(4):464-470.
[20] Chen M and Penfield S. Feedback regulation of COOLAIRexpression controls seed dormancy and flowering time[J].Science,2018,360:1014-1017.
[2] Li C, Ni P, Francki M, et al. Genes controlling seed dormancy andpre-harvest sprouting in a rice-wheat-barley comparison[J].Functional&IntegrativeGenomics,2004,4(2):84-93.
[3] Mares D J, Mrva K. Wheat grain pre-harvest sprouting and latematurity alpha-amylase[J].Planta,2014,240:1167-1178.
[4]肖世和,闫长生,张海萍,等.小麦穗发芽研究[M].北京:中国农业科学技术出版社,2004,2-38.
[5]任立世,刘进英,杨燕.107份小麦历史品种抗穗发芽基因型的检测[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(6):752-758.
[6]于春泉,阮仁武,余国东,等.小麦抗穗发芽种质筛选与新品系的抗穗发芽性鉴定[J].西南大学学报,2010,32(4):36-40.
[7] Xiao S H, Zhang X Y, Yan C S, et al. Germplasm improvement forpreharvest sprouting resistance in Chinese white-grained wheat:Anoverview of the current strategy[J].Euphytica,2002,126(1):35-38.
[8]刘爽,李俊,王琴,等.西南麦区小麦抗穗发芽品种资源筛选[J].西南农业学报,2014,27(3):931-937.
[9] Flintham J E. Different genetic components control coat-imposedand embryo-imposed dormancy in wheat[J].Seed Science Research,2000,10:43-50.
[10] Shorinola O, Bird N, Simmonds J, et al. The wheat Phs-A1 pre-harvest sprouting resistance locus delays the rate of seed dormancyloss and maps 0.3 c M distal to the PM19 genes in UK germplasm[J].Journal of Experimental Botany,2016,67:4169-4178.
[11]闫长生,张海萍,海林,等.中国小麦品种穗发芽抗性差异的研究[J].作物学报,2006,32(4):580-587.
[12]许玉明,房金钺,王新华,等.大丰市沿海小麦大面积发生穗发芽原因分析[J].大麦与谷类科学,2008(4):4-5.
[13]魏晓军.小麦高代选系收获前穗发芽抗性的研究[J].农艺农技,2017(13):67-68.
[14]张海峰,卢荣禾.小麦穗发芽抗性机理与遗传研究[J].作物学报,1993,19(6):523-530.
[15]李美珍,李世平,靖金莲,等.小麦穗发芽抗性研究[J].河南农业科学,1996(11):7-8.
[16]任江萍,陈焕丽,王振云,等.小麦穗发芽与籽粒内可溶性糖和α-淀粉酶活性的品种差异[J].西北农业学报,2007,16(1):22-25.
[17]王志龙,于亚雄,王志伟,等.小麦穗发芽抗性鉴定及机制分析[J].西南农业学报,2016,29(11):2513-2519.
[18]蒋国梁,肖世和.白皮小麦收获前穗发芽及品种抗性机制探讨[J].作物学报,1998,24(6):793-798.
[19]郑建敏,蒲宗君,李式昭,等.人工合成小麦CI-LD抗穗发芽遗传特性分析[J].麦类作物学报,2015,35(4):464-470.
[20] Chen M and Penfield S. Feedback regulation of COOLAIRexpression controls seed dormancy and flowering time[J].Science,2018,360:1014-1017.