基于谐波集检测的飞行目标水下声探测算法研究
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摘要
螺旋桨飞机以一定高度在水面上飞行时,其噪声谱中的线谱存在明显的谐波关系。随着噪声由空气入水的跨界传播以及水下传播环境的变化,谐波关系有减弱的趋势。针对此问题,提出了基于谐波集检测与最强谱线检测相结合的检测算法。该算法采用门限调节因子来自适应地调整检测门限,提高了远距离低信噪比情况下目标的探测性能,可以有效地在水下环境检测螺旋桨飞机。水下单水听器接收的实测信号检测结果表明,对于巡航速度为36 m/s的螺旋桨飞机,探测距离可以达到2. 48 km.
The line spectrum in noise spectrum has obvious harmonic relation when a propeller-driven aircraft flies over the water surface at a certain height. With the cross-border propagation of noise from air to water and the change of underwater propagation environment,the harmonic relation tends to weaken. To solve this problem,an underwater acoustic detection algorithm based on the combination of harmonic set detection and strongest line detection is proposed,and the detection threshold is adaptively adjusted by using the threshold adjustment factor α,which improves the target detection performance under the condition of the low signal-to-noise ratio at a long distance and can effectively detect the propeller-driven aircrafts in underwater environment. The detection results of the measured signals received by the single hydrophone in water show that the detection distance can reach 2. 48 km for a propeller-driven aircraft with a cruise speed of 36 m/s.
The line spectrum in noise spectrum has obvious harmonic relation when a propeller-driven aircraft flies over the water surface at a certain height. With the cross-border propagation of noise from air to water and the change of underwater propagation environment,the harmonic relation tends to weaken. To solve this problem,an underwater acoustic detection algorithm based on the combination of harmonic set detection and strongest line detection is proposed,and the detection threshold is adaptively adjusted by using the threshold adjustment factor α,which improves the target detection performance under the condition of the low signal-to-noise ratio at a long distance and can effectively detect the propeller-driven aircrafts in underwater environment. The detection results of the measured signals received by the single hydrophone in water show that the detection distance can reach 2. 48 km for a propeller-driven aircraft with a cruise speed of 36 m/s.
引文
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[2]马宁,高勇.直升机声信号的检测和识别[J].太赫兹科学与电子信息学报,2006,4(3):165-169.MA N,GAO Y. Detection and identification of helicopter acoustic signals[J]. Journal of Terahertz Science and Electronic Information,2006,4(3):165-169.(in Chinese)
[3] SALLOUM H,SEDUNOV A,SEDUNOV N,et al. Acoustic system for low flying aircraft detection[C]∥Proceedings of 2015IEEE International Symposium on Technologies for Homeland Security. Waltham,MA,US:IEEE,2015.
[4]周关林,李钢虎,成静.随机共振在水声信号检测中的应用[J].计算机仿真,2009,26(7):337-339.ZHOU G L,LI G H,CHENG J. Application of stochastic resonance in underwater acoustic signal detection[J]. Computer Simulation,2009,26(7):337-339.(in Chinese)
[5]冯杰,杨博,李兆利.空气声探测在军事中的应用[J].电声技术,2012,36(6):32-36.FENG J,YANG B,LI Z L. Application of air acoustic detection in military[J]. Electroacoustic Technology,2012,36(6):32-36.(in Chinese)
[6]韩建辉.水下检测空中运动声源的SPWVD-HT算法研究[C]∥2009年青年学术会议论文集.长沙:中国声学学会,2009.HAN J H. Research on SPWVD-HT algorithm for underwater detection of sound sources in air movement[C]∥Proceedings of2009 China Acoustic Society Youth Academic Conference. Changsha:China Acoustic Society,2009.(in Chinese)
[7]韩建辉,杨日杰,王伟,等.双谱幂次水下检测空中高速运动声源方法[J].兵工学报,2010,31(3):291-295.HAN J H,YANG R J,WANG W,et al. Bispectrum-power-law underwater detection for rapidly moving acoustic source in air[J].Acta Armamentarii,2010,31(3):291-295.(in Chinese)
[8]唐狄毅,李文兰,乔渭阳,等.飞机噪声基础[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1995.TANG D Y,LI W L,QIAO W Y,et al. Fundamentals of aircraft noise[M]. Xi'an:Northwestern Polytechnical University Press,1995.(in Chinese)
[9]姚起杭.飞机噪声工程[M].西安:西北工业大学出版社,1998.YAO Q H. Aircraft noise engineering[M]. Xi'an:Northwestern Polytechnical University Press,1998.(in Chinese)
[10]章佳荣.直升机旋翼噪声特性研究[C]∥2016年中国造船工程学会水中目标特性学组学术交流会论文集.大连:中国船舶重工集团公司第760研究所水中测控技术重点实验室,2016.ZHANG J R. Research on helicopter rotor noise characteristics[C]∥Proceedings of 2016 Symposium of Underwater Target Characteristics Group of China Shipbuilding Society. Dalian:Key Laboratory of Underwater Measurement and Control Technology,760th Research Institute,China Shipbuilding Industry Corporation,2016.(in Chinese)
[11] CHAPMAN D M F,THOMSON D J,ELLIS D D. Modeling airto-water sound transmission using standard numerical codes of underwater acoustics[J]. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1992,91(4):1904-1910.
[12] ETTER P C.水声建模与仿真[M].蔡志明,宋昕,姚万军,等,译.第3版.北京:电子工业出版社,2005.ETTER P C. Underwater acoustic modeling and simulation[M].CAI Z M,SONG X,YAO W J,et al,translated. 3rd ed. Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2005.(in Chinese)
[13]严争通,张群飞.基于Welch功率谱估计和中值滤波的水下目标辐射噪声线谱提取[C]∥全国信号和智能信息处理与应用学术会议专刊.贵阳:中国高科技产业化研究会智能信息处理产业化分会,2017.YAN Z T,ZHANG Q F. Line spectrum extraction of underwater target radiated noise based on Welch power spectrum estimation and median filtering[C]∥Proceedings of Special Issue of National Academic Conference on Signal and Intelligent Information Processing and Application. Guiyang:Intelligent Information Processing Industrialization Branch,China Tigh-Tech Industrialization Research Association,2017.(in Chinese)
[14]伊鑫,曲爱华.基于Welch算法的经典功率谱估计的Matlab分析[J].现代电子技术,2010,33(3):7-9.YI X,QU A H. Matlab analysis of classical power spectrum estimation based on Welch algorithm[J]. Modern Electronic Technology,2010,33(3):7-9.(in Chinese)
[15] MILIOS E E,NAWAB S H. Signal abstractions in signal processing software[J]. IEEE Transactions on Acoustics,Speech,and Signal Processing,1989,37(6):913-928.
[16] MCDONOUGH R N,WHALEA.噪声中的信号检测[M].王德石,译.第2版.北京:电子工业出版社,2006:176-184.MCDONOUGH R N,WHALE A D. Detection of signals in noise[M]. WANG D S,translated. 2nd ed. Beijing:Publishing House of Electronics Industry,2006:176-184.(in Chinese)
[17]林云松,彭良福,童玲.空中防撞系统避撞机制的数学模型[J].电子科技大学学报,2008,37(4):552-555.LIN Y S,PENG L F,TONG L. Mathematical model of collision avoidance mechanism of air collision avoidance system[J]. Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology,2008,37(4):552-555.(in Chinese)